CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN 9:2016/BTTTT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V TIP T CHO CC TRM VIN THNG

National technical regulation

on earthing for telecommunications stations

H NI - 2016
1
 MC LC

1. QUY NH CHUNG ............................................................................................................... 5

1.1. Phm vi iu chnh .......................................................................................................... 5
1.2. i tng p dng .......................................................................................................... 5
1.3. Ti liu vin dn .............................................................................................................. 5
1.4. Gii thch t ng ............................................................................................................. 5
1.5. Ch vit tt ...................................................................................................................... 7
2. QUY NH K THUT .......................................................................................................... 8
2.1. H thng tip t ............................................................................................................. 8
2.1.1. T tip t ................................................................................................................ 8
2.1.2. Tm tip t chnh .................................................................................................... 8
2.1.3. Cp tip t .............................................................................................................. 8
2.2. Cu hnh kt ni .............................................................................................................. 9
2.2.1. Mng CBN bn trong trm vin thng ...................................................................... 9
2.2.2. Mng lin kt trong h thng thit b vin thng ..................................................... 10
2.2.3. Kt ni mng CBN v cc mng MESH- BN .......................................................... 12
2.2.4. Cp kt ni gia cc mng MESH- BN .................................................................. 13
2.3. Tip t i vi h thng phn phi in ...................................................................... 14
2.3.1. Phn phi in DC ca ngun th cp................................................................... 14
2.3.2. Phn phi in DC ca ngun cp ba .................................................................... 14
2.3.3. Phn phi ngun in li AC v kt ni dy bo v............................................. 14
2.3.4. Phn phi in AC t ngun in cp ba ............................................................... 15
3. QUY NH V QUN L .................................................................................................... 15
4. TRCH NHIM CA T CHC, C NHN ....................................................................... 15
5. T CHC THC HIN ....................................................................................................... 16
PH LC A (Quy nh) Phng php o in tr tip t .....18
TH MC TI LIU THAM KHO....... 19

2
Li ni u

QCVN 9:2016/BTTTT thay th QCVN 9:2010/BTTTT.

Cc quy nh k thut ca QCVN 9:2016/BTTTT ph hp vi
cc quy nh k thut ca tiu chun ETSI EN 300 253 V.2.2.1
(2015-06) v khuyn ngh ITU-T K27 (3/2015).
QCVN 9:2016/BTTTT do Vin Khoa hc K thut Bu in bin
son, V Khoa hc v Cng ngh thm nh v trnh duyt, B
Thng tin v Truyn thng ban hnh km theo Thng t s
26/2016/TT-BTTTT ngy 07 thng 12 nm 2016.

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QCVN 9:2016/BTTTT

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 QCVN 9:2016/BTTTT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V TIP T CHO CC TRM VIN THNG
National technical regulation
on earthing of telecommunications stations

1. QUY NH CHUNG

1.1. Phm vi iu chnh

Quy chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut v tip t cho cc trm vin thng
bao gm yu cu i vi h thng tip t, mng lin kt trong ta nh, mng lin
kt cc thit b v kt ni hai mng ny vi nhau.
Quy chun ny p dng cho cc trm vin thng trong qu trnh thit k, xy dng,
vn hnh v bo dng.
Trm vin thng trong quy chun ny bao gm cc cng trnh sau:
- Trung tm chuyn mch, truyn dn;
- Trung tm d liu (datacenter);
- Trm thu pht sng v tuyn in c nh s dng trong nghip v v tuyn in c
nh, thng tin di ng, hng khng, hng hi, dn ng, nh v, v tinh, pht
chun, nghip d;
- i pht thanh, i truyn hnh.
Quy chun ny khng p dng cho nh thu bao.
1.2. i tng p dng
Quy chun k thut ny p dng i vi cc c quan, t chc, c nhn c lin quan
n hot ng thit lp, qun l, khai thc cc trm vin thng c quy nh ti mc
1.1 ti Vit Nam.
1.3. Ti liu vin dn
QCVN 32:2011/BTTTT, Quy chun k thut quc gia v chng st cho cc trm vin
thng v mng cp ngoi vi vin thng.
1.4. Gii thch t ng
1.4.1. Cp tip t (earthing conductor)
Dy dn bo v ni tm tip t chnh vi t tip t.
1.4.2. t (earth)
Khi t dn in, c in th ti mi im c quy c bng 0.
1.4.3. T tip t (earth electrode)
B phn dn in hoc mt nhm b phn dn in tip xc tt vi t v to ra kt
ni v in vi t.
1.4.4. Lin kt ng th (equipotential bonding)
S lin kt v in t cc thnh phn kim loi khng c cch in v cc
thnh phn dn in t bn ngoi mt in th cn bng n nh.

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QCVN 9:2016/BTTTT
1.4.5. Dy lin kt ng th (equipotential bonding conductor)
Dy bo v m bo cho vic lin kt ng th.
1.4.6. Tm tip t chnh (MET)
Mt in cc hoc thanh dng kt ni cc dy dn bo v, cc dy dn kt ni
ng th v cc dy dn tip t cng tc (nu c), vi t tip t.
CH THCH: Trn thc t, tm tip t thng l mt tm ng m Niken c khoan l, bt vo bn baklit v
bt cht vo tng.

1.4.7. Dy trung tnh (N- Neutral conductor)

Dy dn ni vi im trung tnh ca mt h thng v tham gia vo vic truyn ti
nng lng in.
1.4.8. Dy bo v (protective conductor)
Dy dn cn cho mt s bin php bo v chng in git bng cch ni vi nhng
b phn sau y:
- Cc b phn dn in h;
- Cc b phn dn bn ngoi;
- Tm tip t chnh;
- in cc t;
- im ni t ca ngun hoc trung tnh gi.
1.4.9. Dy trung tnh bo v (PEN conductor)
Dy ni t kt hp chc nng ca dy bo v v dy trung tnh.
1.4.10. Mng IT (Insulation Terrestrial)
Mng in h p c im trung tnh cch ly vi t cn v thit b in c ni vi
tip t bo v c lp.
1.4.11. Mng TN - C (Terrestrial Neutral Combined)
Mng TN c dy bo v v dy trung tnh (PEN) chung. Cc b phn dn in b h
(v ca thit b in) c ni vi dy ca ca mng tip t bo v (PEN).
1.4.12. Mng TN (Terrestrial Neutral)
Mng in h p c im trung tnh trc tip ni t.
1.4.13. Mng TN - S (Terrestrial Neutral Separated)
Mng TN c dy bo v v dy trung tnh ring bit. Cc b phn dn in b h (v
ca thit b in) c ni vi dy tip t bo v (PE). Dy bo v (PE) c th l v
kim loi ca cp in lc hoc 1 dy dn ring.
1.4.14. Tm m kt ni (bonding mat)
Phng tin thit yu to ra mt phng in th chun h thng (SRPP) bng
mt cu trc tng t hnh mt li.
CH THCH: Tm m kt ni c th c t trn hoc di mt nhm thit b to thnh mt khi h thng.

1.4.15. Mng lin kt (BN)

Mt tp hp cc phn t dn in c ni vi nhau nhm che chn nh hng
in t cho cc h thng thit b in t v con ngi.

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1.4.16. Mng lin kt chung (CBN)
Mt tp hp cc phn t kim loi lin kt vi nhau mt cch ngu nhin hoc c ch
nh to thnh mt mng lin kt chnh bn trong to nh vin thng.
1.4.17. Mng lin kt mt li (Mesh -BN)
Mng lin kt m tt c cc khung thit b, cc gi , cc cabin, dy dng ca
ngun mt chiu c u ni vi mng lin kt chung (CBN) ti nhiu im.
1.4.18. Mng lin kt cch ly mt li (Mesh- IBN)
Mng lin kt cch ly m trong cc thnh phn ca n (cc khung gi thit b)
c ni vi nhau to thnh mt cu trc dng mt li.
1.4.19. Ngun s cp (primary supply)
Ngun in li cng cng, hoc, trong trng hp khn cp, ngun pht in AC
trong khu vc.
1.4.20. Ngun th cp (secondary supply)
Ngun cp n thit b vin thng, gi hoc khi h thng thit b vin thng, ly t
ngun s cp.
1.4.21. Ngun cp ba (tertiary supplies)
Ngun cp n thit b vin thng, ly t ngun th cp.
1.4.22. H thng (system)
Nhm cc thit b tng tc vi nhau to thnh mt thc th thng nht.
1.4.23. Khi h thng (system block)
Nhm theo chc nng hot ng ca thit b, hot ng trn s kt ni vi cng mt
mt phng in th chun h thng, gn lin vi mt Mesh- BN.
1.4.24. Mt phng in th chun h thng (SRPP)
Mt phng dn in vi mc ch cn bng in th, c thc hin bng cc li
thng ng hoc ngang.
CH THCH 1: rng ca mt li c iu chnh theo khong tn s xt n. Cc tm mt li nm ngang
v thng ng c th kt ni vi nhau to thnh mt cu trc tng t lng Faraday.
CH THCH 2: SRPP h tr bo hiu vi chun in th chung.

1.4.25. Ngun mt chiu ng v cch ly (isolated DC return) (DC - I)

H thng ngun DC trong dy dn v (dy dng ngun DC) c mt im ni duy
nht vi mng lin kt.
1.4.26. Ngun mt chiu ng v chung (common DC return) (DC - C)
H thng ngun DC trong dy dn v (dy dng ngun DC) c ni vi mng
lin kt ti nhiu im.
2.4.27. Trm vin thng
Nh trong t mt hoc nhiu h thng thit b vin thng.
1.5. Ch vit tt
AC Alternating Current Dng xoay chiu
BN Bonding Network Mng lin kt

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QCVN 9:2016/BTTTT
CBN Common Bonding Network Mng lin kt chung
DC Direct Current Dng mt chiu
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility Tng thch in t
LPS Lighning Protection System H thng chng st
MESH- BN Meshed Bonding Network Mng lin kt mt li
MESH- IBN MESHed Isolated Bonding Network Mng lin kt cch ly mt li
MET Main Earthing Terminal Tm tip t chnh
N Neutral conductor Dy trung tnh
PE Protective conductor Dy bo v
PEN Combined Protective conductor and Dy bo v v trung tnh kt hp
Neutral conductor
RF Radio Frequency Tn s v tuyn
SRPP System Reference Potential Plane Mt phng in th chun ca h thng

2. QUY NH K THUT

2.1. H thng tip t

2.1.1. T tip t
- T tip t phi c gi tr in tr tip t khng ln hn 10 . Phng php o
in tr tip t theo Ph lc A ca quy chun ny.
- T tip t phi ni n tm tip t chnh bng cp tip t.
CH THCH: C th p dng gi tr in tr tip t theo tiu chun ca nh sn xut thit b nhng gi tr in
tr tip t phi m bo khng ln hn 10 .

2.1.2. Tm tip t chnh

a) Quy cch, kch thc
- Tm tip t chnh phi c lm bng ng m niken.
- Ton b bulng, cu, vng m dng kt cui cp phi bng ng m niken.
- Kch thc: chiu rng ti thiu 120 mm, chiu dy ti thiu 10 mm v chiu di ti
thiu l 300 mm.
b) Ni trc tip ti cc b phn sau:
- T tip t ca trm vin thng qua cp tip t;
- Dy dn bo v;
- V kim loi ca tt c cp nhp trm vin thng;
- Mng CBN;
- Cc dng ngun 1 chiu.
CH THCH: Tm tip t chnh nn t gn ngun cung cp xoay chiu v cc ng vo ca cp vin thng.

2.1.3. Cp tip t
- Chiu di cp tip t khng ln hn 50 m. Trong trng hp c bit c th cho
php tng chiu di cp dn t nhng phi m bo in tr mt chiu ca cp dn
t phi nh hn hoc bng 0,01 .
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- S dng loi cp ng (mt hoc nhiu si) c tng tit din khng c nh hn
100 mm2.
2.2. Cu hnh kt ni
2.2.1. Mng CBN bn trong trm vin thng
Trm vin thng phi thc hin kt ni lin kt chung CBN.
Mng CBN phi c ni vi tm tip t chnh bi mt vng kt ni dc theo chu vi
bn trong ta nh; hoc thnh phn c bn ca CBN l dy dn vng phi bao
quanh c khi h thng thit b. Mng CBN phi c kh nng m rng thnh kt
cu li 3 chiu p ng c nhu cu b sung thm cc h thng thit b vin
thng trong trm vin thng.
Mng CBN phi m bo c dng nh mt lng Faraday c tnh dn in lin tc
bao quanh ton b trm vin thng nh s Hnh 1.

Hnh 1 - Mng CBN

Mng CBN c cc thnh phn nh sau:
- Vng kt ni khp kn ti mi tng ca ta nh, quanh sn nh hoc xung quanh
tng nh. i vi tng 1 thc hin di nn nh su 0,5 m n 0,7 m. Vng
kt ni c thc hin bng cp ng hoc nhng di ng hay bng thp m km
c tit din ti thiu 50 mm2;
- Cc dy lin kt thng ng, lin kt cc vng kt ni ca mi tng, khong cch
gia cc dy thng ng khng ln hn 5 m. Dy lin kt thng ng l thanh ng
hoc thp m km c tit din ti thiu 50 mm2;
CH THCH: C th tn dng khung kt cu ct thp ca ta nh lm thnh phn ca mng CBN, vi iu kin
phi hn ni cc thnh phn kt cu thp li vi nhau m bo tnh dn in lin tc.

Thc hin u ni ng dn kt ni vi cc thnh phn kim loi trong trm vin

thng nh sau:
- Tt c cc dy dn st ca trm vin thng;
- Ton b khung b tng ct thp ca kt cu trm vin thng;

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QCVN 9:2016/BTTTT
- Khung gi cp nhp trm vin thng;
- Cc ng dn nc, cc ng dn cp bng kim loi.
2.2.2. Mng lin kt trong h thng thit b vin thng
Trong mt khi h thng thit b vin thng, mng lin kt phi c dng mt li
(MESH- BN).
Mng MESH - BN phi kt ni cc khung gi, v my, cc ng ng, khay, gi phi
tuyn, v cp v tm m kt ni to thnh mt mt phng cn bng in th
chun h thng (xem 1.4.24).
Tt c cc thnh phn kim loi ca MESH- BN phi to thnh mt tng th lin tc
v in (xem Hnh 2).
Mng lin kt mt li (MESH- BN) cn m bo nhng yu cu nh sau:
a) Tm m mt li
- Tm m mt li c kch thc ln cha ng c cc thit b v gi
cp nm trong khi h thng MESH -BN v c t di sn thit b.
- Tm m c lm bng dy (di) ng trn hoc bng dy (di) thp m km c
tit din ti thiu 14 mm2 v hn thnh li.
- Kch thc mt li nm trong phm vi:
20 cm x 20 cm;
30 cm x 30 cm;
40 cm x 40 cm;
50 cm x 50 cm.
b) Kt ni tm m mt li vi mng CBN ti nhiu im (cng nhiu im ni vi
mng CBN cng tt) bng dy ng trn hoc thp m km c tit din ti thiu l
14 mm2.
c) Kt ni phn dn ca khi h thng thit b vin thng vi tm m mt li
- Thit b vin thng vi nhng mch in t c cung cp chung mt lp bc kim
loi to ra mt bng in th chun ph khp trn b mt cc bng mch in. Tt c
cc mt bng in th chun c ni vi nhau ng thi c ni vi khung gi
thit b hoc vi v kim loi ca h thng cp ln cn (nm trong khi M-BN) bng
nhng dy ng c tit din ti thiu l 14 mm2.
- Kt ni cc v, khung gi thit b, v kim loi cp vi tm m mt li bng dy
(di) ng theo ng ngn nht. Tit din ca dy ni c quy nh trong Bng 1.
Bng 1 - Tit din ca dy ni ti tm m mt li

TT Tn dy ni Tit din
ti thiu, mm2
1 Dy ni v kim loi ca cp thu bao (chn) 14
2 Dy ni v kim loi ca cp thu bao (treo) 14
3 Dy ni thit b bo v thu bao trn gi phi tuyn MDF 14
4 Dy ni thit b bo v ngun AC 35
5 Dy ni t ngun c quy 14

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6 Dy ni phn kim loi khung gi b nn 14

7 Dy ni phn khung gi b i in 14
8 Dy ni cc phn kim loi khung gi tng i 14
9 Dy ni cc thnh phn kim loi khung gi phi tuyn 14
10 Dy ni cc gi cp 14

Hnh 2 - Mng MESH- BN kt ni vi CBN

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2.2.3. Kt ni mng CBN v cc mng MESH- BN
Tt c cc mng MESH- BN ca cc h thng thit b vin thng v dy dn ng
v DC km theo phi c kt ni vi CBN. Mng MESH- BN kt ni vi CBN ti
nhiu im v kt ni vi thanh tip t chnh (xem Hnh 2, Hnh 3 v Hnh 4).
Nu thit b c vn hnh vi ng dn v DC chung (theo thit k ca thit b)
th ng dn v DC chung ny c ni vi CBN ti nhiu im (xem Hnh 3).
Nu thit b c vn hnh vi ng v DC cch ly, th ng v DC cch ly ny
ni vi CBN ti mt im (xem Hnh 4).

Hnh 3 - CBN/MESH-BN vi ng v DC chung ni vi CBN ti nhiu im

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Dy dn lin kt ng th
Cp lin kt h thng (mng ni ht hoc trung k)

Dy dn ng v DC

Hnh 4 - CBN/ MESH-BN vi ng v DC cch ly, ni vi CBN ti mt im

2.2.4. Cp kt ni gia cc mng MESH- BN

Cp phn phi ngun v cp tn hiu bn trong v gia cc MESH- BN phi i gn
v dc theo CBN.
ng cp ngun AC v cp tn hiu phi t cch nhau t nht 100 mm tr khi c
bin php che chn hp l.
V cp phi c kt ni vi khung gi, v my hoc n SRPP t nht ti 2 u cp.
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QCVN 9:2016/BTTTT
2.3. Tip t i vi h thng phn phi in
2.3.1. Phn phi in DC ca ngun th cp
Mi dy dn v DC phc v mt h thng thit b vin thng phi kt ni vi mng
CBN t nht ti tm tip t chnh, ti bng cp in ca mng in DC v kt ni vi
mng MESH- BN t nht ti mt im.
in p DC dc theo mi dy dn v mt chiu phi nh hn 1 V. Vic tnh ton thit
k phi xt iu kin dng ti ln nht trn dy cp ngun km theo ti in p
ngun ln nht hoc nh nht tng ng, ti iu kin lm vic bnh thng.
Kt cui dy dn v DC ca mng in cp ngun cho h thng thit b vin thng
phi c tip t ti bng cp in bng cch kt ni vi tm tip t chnh.
2.3.2. Phn phi in DC ca ngun cp ba
Cc in th chun ca ngun in cp ba phi c ni vi MESH- BN.
2.3.3. Phn phi ngun in li AC v kt ni dy bo v
Trong trm vin thng h thng ngun AC phi dng loi mng TN-S. H thng in
ba pha phi l h thng nm dy (L1, L2, L3, N, PE), trong : L1, L2, L3 l cc dy
pha; N l dy trung tnh; PE l dy dn bo v. Dy dn bo v PE c ni ti tm
tip t chnh. Khng c im ni chung dy bo v PE v dy trung tnh N.
a) Nu mng phn phi ngun AC bn ngoi l loi mng TN-S th mch cung cp
ngun AC trong trm vin thng c u ni nh s Hnh 5.a, trong :
- Dy dn bo v PE phi c ni ti tm tip t chnh;
- Dy trung tnh N khng c ni ti tm tip t chnh.
b) Nu mng phn phi ngun AC bn ngoi l h thng 4 dy (IT hoc TT) th mch
cung cp ngun AC trong trm vin thng c u ni nh s Hnh 5.b, trong :
- Dy dn bo v PE c ni ti tm tip t chnh.
c) Nu mng phn phi ngun AC bn ngoi l h thng 4 dy (IT hoc TT) v dng
bin p cch ly cho nh trm th mch cung cp ngun AC trong trm vin thng
c u ni nh s Hnh 5.a.
H thng in ng v DC
bn trong (TN-S) Dy dn vng
PE

N PE PE

N PE

Mng tip t

H thng in
bn ngoi (TN-S)

CH THCH: Kiu a) l kiu bt buc nu to nh s dng mt bin p cch ly v do vy h thng

TN-S bt u ti pha ti ca bin p.
a) Mng phn phi ngun bn ngoi l mng TN-S

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H thng in
bn trong (TN-S) Dy dn vng
PE

N PE PE

Mng tip t

H thng in bn ngoi
(IT hoc TT)

b) Mng phn phi ngun bn ngoi l loi mng IT hoc TT

Hnh 5 - Phng php u ni mng phn phi in AC cho trm vin thng

2.3.4. Phn phi in AC t ngun in cp ba

im trung tnh ca ngun in cp ba phi c ly bng cch kt ni im cc
ca mng in hnh sao, hoc dy dn ngoi, n MESH- BN ti im ngun. Phn
phi in n ti phi tun theo quy tc ca h thng TN-S.

3. QUY NH V QUN L

Cc trm vin thng thuc phm vi iu chnh ti mc 1.1 phi tun th cc quy nh
ti Quy chun ny.

4. TRCH NHIM CA T CHC, C NHN

4.1. Cc c quan, t chc thit lp, qun l, khai thc cc trm vin thng quy nh
ti mc 1.1 c trch nhim m bo ph hp vi Quy chun trong qu trnh thit k,
lp t, vn hnh, bo dng v chu s kim tra ca c quan qun l nh nc
theo quy nh.
4.2. Cc c quan, t chc qun l, khai thc cc trm vin thng quy nh ti mc
1.1 c trch nhim thc hin cam kt ph hp vi quy chun ny trn c s h s
k thut ca trm vin thng v thc hin cng b hp quy cc trm vin thng ph
hp vi mc 2.1.1 ca quy chun ny. Vic cng b hp quy thc hin theo Thng
t s 28/2012/TT-BKHCN ngy 12 thng 12 nm 2012 ca B Khoa hc v Cng
ngh.
4.3. Cc Vin thng c trch nhim tip nhn ng k cng b hp quy, thc hin
qun l, hng dn v kim tra vic cng b hp quy.

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QCVN 9:2016/BTTTT
5. T CHC THC HIN

5.1. Cc Vin thng v cc S Thng tin v Truyn thng c trch nhim t chc
hng dn, trin khai v qun l cc trm vin thng ph hp vi Quy chun ny.
5.2. Quy chun ny thay th cho Quy chun k thut quc gia QCVN 9:2010/BTTTT
Quy chun k thut quc gia v tip t cho cc trm vin thng.
5.3. Trong trng hp cc quy nh nu ti Quy chun ny c s thay i, b sung
hoc c thay th th thc hin theo quy nh ti vn bn mi.

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PH LC A
(Quy nh)
Phng php o in tr tip t

A.1. Phng php o in p ri

I1 E1 E2 I2

E P C
d
l

E ni n t tip t cn o
P, C - Cc im ni n cc in cc o th
Hnh A.1 - S o in tr tip t

o h thng tip t c thc hin bng my o in tr tip t 3 in cc hoc 4

in cc.
S o nh Hnh A.1.
m bo kt qu o in tr tip t chnh xc:
- Tn s pht ca my o khc n x 50 Hz;
- Phi b tr cc in cc o th (cc in cc in p v in cc dng in) ngoi
vng nh hng ca in cc tip t v phi m bo khong cch t tip t cn
o n in cc in p bng 62 % khong cch t tip t cn o n in cc
dng in (i vi trng hp b tr cc in cc o theo mt ng thng).
Cch b tr cc in cc o th cho trng hp tip t l mt in cc thng ng
c trnh by trn Hnh A.2 v cho tip t di dng li hoc nhiu in cc
c trnh by trn Hnh A.3.

I1 E1 E2
I
E
P in cc C in cc
l in p dng in

D2 = 0,62D1

D1 2,2l
Vng nh hng ca in
cc tip t

Hnh A.2 - S o in tr tip t ca in cc tip t thng ng

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I1 E1 E2
My o in tr tip t
I
ng cho ca li tip t

P
D2 = 0,62D1
C in cc
in cc

Vng nh hng D1 5D
ca li tip t

Hnh A.3 - S o in tr tip t ca li tip t hoc ca nhiu in cc tip t

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 QCVN 9:2016/BTTTT
TH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] ITU- T, Recommendation K27 (03/2015), Bonding configurations and earthing inside a
telecommunication building.

[2] ETSI EN 300 253 V.2.2.1 (2015-06) Environmental Engineering (EE); Earthing and
bonding of ICT equipment powered by -48 VDC in telecom and data centres.

[3] J- STD 607- A (2002), Commercial Building Grounding (Earthing) and Bonding
Requirements For Telecommunications.

[4] R56 (1/2005), Motorola, Standards and Guilines for Communication Sites.

[5] Cisco Hardware Installation Guide, 10/2002.

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