EXUDATES DETECTION AT PREMATURE STAGE IN DIABETIC

RETINOPATHY
KALASHREE S
Mtech in Digital Electronics, Department of E&C, VTU, DBIT, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

SOWMYA K S
Associate Professor, Department of E&C, VTU, DBIT, Bangalore, Karnataka, india

PUNEETH S B
Mtech in Digital electronics, Department of E&C, VTU, DBIT, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

SAHANA N
Mtech in Digital electronics, Department of E&C, VTU, DBIT, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT: Now a days Common disease is Diabetes. A new algorithm for computer assist
diagnosis of Diabetic retinopathy at premature stage is presented. Digital imaging has an important
role in diabetic retinopathy detection and monitoring. Digital image helps to store the captured
interior surface of a patient. The process starts with the high grey level variation followed by
morphological reconstruction technique and watershed transformation.

KEYWORDS: Premature stages, detection, Retina, Exudates, Digital imaging

INTRODUCTION

Common diseases that can be seen in day to day life are Diabetes. It is so multifaceted disease, it
can affect various parts of our body and many patients are affected with their visions. Patient
affected with diabetic retinopathy are more likely to go blind compare to the unaffected person.
One out of five patients with diabetes will show the sings of vision problem on retinopathy. Even
with these scary statistics, research indicates that at most 90% of new cases can be cured if there
was proper and alert treatment of eyes. A longer person suffers from diabetes, the higher the
chances of developing diabetic retinopathy.

RELATED WORKS

Thomas Walter et al. (2002) propose detection of exudates based of mathematical morphology.
Drawback of this approach is that it doesnt clarify the misclassified portion of OD and exudates at
premature stage.
Nidhal K et al. (2013) presents a new algorithm to localize the optic disk and to solve the
confusion between similarities of optic disk and exudates. Algorithm in this paper makes use of
specific separated colors and image features to separate from FUNDUS images.
Akara Sopharak et al. (2008), paper proposes optimally adjusted morphological operators to be
used for EXUDATE detection on diabetic patient in non-dilated pupil and low-contrast images.
Osareh et al. (2003), the system works only on good color space but in the case of non-uniform
illumination the detection accuracy is low. This color normalization with contrast enhancement
makes use of c-means clustering along with neural networks.

PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Manual study and analysis requires a great time and energy to evaluate retinal images which are
obtained through FUNDUS photography. In loss of vision, detection of bright objects such as optic
disc (OD) and EXUDATES in color FUNDUS images is an important step in the diagnosis of eye
diseases. Figure 1 shows the basic general steps involved in image processing and also in fundus
image extraction [7], [8], [9].

Fig.1. BLOCK DIAGRAM

EYE IMAGE: Interior part of FUNDUS image as shown,

Fig.2. Bio-FUNDUS IMAGE

Intensity difference among the bright objects such as optic disc and EXUDATES and the vessels
usually have poor local contrast with respect to the background. To isolate optic disc and other
bright parts is a tough job therefore pre-processing analysis becomes necessary.

PRE-PROCESSING METHODS

Contrast Adjustment
The first major step is to select good RGB (2011). At the beginning stage RGB planes have to be
separated. One among them green plane is also called as green channel is most suitable to apply
Contrast adjustment transformation. On applying this intensity values remain unchanged.

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 Fig.3. Contrast stretching Transformation

Y = * Xn ................... (1)

Where X represent the input and and Y represent output pixel intensity, n varies from 0 and 1 is
the desired upper limit

Fig.4. Image after contrast adjustment

Thresholding
A fixed threshold value T is selected and applied on contrast adjustment to obtain a binary image
which isolates brighter parts from the background.

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 Fig.5. Thresholding image

Morphological Opening
The morphological opening is simple erosion and dilation of A by B. Where A is the binary image
after thresholding and B is a circular shape structuring element with 28 pixels.

Fig.6. Morphologically open

Extended Maxima
This operator is used to identify that have significantly higher values after contrast adjustments

Fig.7. Regional Maxima

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Perimeter of the Exudates
Edge detection is done to know exact location of bright object. It is easy to see from overlay of
Maxima locations.

Fig.8. Perimeter of the exudates

Watershed Transformation
This transform is applied for final segmented result.

Fig.9.Segmented result in RGB

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed method for presence of exudates at premature stage is discussed. Detecting at
premature stage helps to save losing of vision, which is very important.

REFERENCES

Thomas Walter_, Jean-Claude Klein, Pascale Massin, and Ali Erginay A Contribution of Image
Processing to the Diagnosis of Diabetic RetinopathyDetection of Exudates in Color Fundus
Images of the Human Retina IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING, VOL. 21,
NO. 10, OCTOBER 2002.
Nidhal K. El Abbadi, Enas Hamood Al- Saadi Automatic Detection of Exudates in Retinal
Images IJCSI Isues Vol. 10, issue 2, No 1, March 2013
Akara Sopharak, Bunyarit Uyyanonvara, Sarah Barmanb, Thomas H. Williamson Automatic
detection of diabetic retinopathy exudates from non-dilated retinal images using mathematical
morphology methods ELSEVIER Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 32 (2008)
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Osareh A, Mirmehdi M, Thomas B, Markham R. Automated identification of diabetic retinal
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