HANA Spatial Week2

Week 2 Unit 1: Geocoding and
Reverse Geocoding
Geocoding and Reverse Geocoding
Motivation
You have the address of an entity, e.g. a

customer.
SAP SE
To analyze the spatial distribution of your
customers, you need the geolocation. Dietmar-Hopp-Allee 16
69190 Walldorf
Mapping addresses to geolocation is called
geocoding.
The reverse operation mapping geolocations Latitude = 49.2936957
to addresses is called reverse geocoding. Longitude = 8.6394329
2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 2

Process Flow
SAP HANA supports geocoding, reverse Geocoding service,

geocoding, and address cleansing. e.g. HERE
This data transformation/enrichment can

either run locally (reference data is stored in
SAP HANA*) or via a remote service.
Local geocoding and address cleansing is Geocode
handled by SAP HANA smart data quality. Address transform or Longitude,
Data geocode Latitude
index
Geocode reference data
*additional licenses might be required SAP HANA

SAP HANA smart data quality Geocode transform
SAP HANA smart data quality

No communication with external data
Geocoding as ONE step within a larger
ETL/data quality pipeline
Address Geocode Longitude,

Data transform Latitude
SAP HANA

Generates latitude and longitude from an address, and generates addresses from
latitude and longitude coordinates.
Prerequisites
Download and install the geocode directories from SAP Service Marketplace
Set up appropriate permissions
Notes
The accuracy of the point is based on the completeness of the address.
The Geocode node falls back to a lower-level point when the finer level cannot be obtained.
The value in the GEO_ASMT_LEVEL output column identifies the level that the point
represents.
SAP HANA smart data quality may require additional licenses.

SAP HANA smart data quality Geocode transform (SAP Web IDE)


Geocode index
SAP HANA geocode index Geocoding service,

e.g. HERE
Uses local reference data or
an external service
Geocodes are stored in a column
of the data table insert
Automatic updates
ID City Str Lon Geocode
/Lat index
SAP HANA

Geocode index
Generates latitude and longitude from an address
Options
Use the SAP HANA smart data quality geocode provider
Or use a custom provider
Prerequisites
Set up SAP HANA smart data quality
Or implement a custom geocode provider, e.g. using JavaScript on XSC
Notes
The assignment of the point may fail if the address cannot be resolved on a specific
address level.

Geocode index
CREATE GEOCODE INDEX "HSGS"."GCI_ADDRESSES" ON "HSGS"."ADDRESSES" (

"LOC_4326" GEOCODE,
"AWARDEE_COUNTRY" COUNTRY,
"AWARDEE_STATE" STATE,
"AWARDEE_CITY" CITY,
"AWARDEE_ZIP" POSTAL_CODE,
"AWARDEE_STREET" ADDRESS_LINE
) ASYNC FLUSH QUEUE AFTER 1000 ROWS;

Additional information
SAP HANA Spatial Reference

5.2 Geocoding
SAP HANA Smart Data Integration

Configuration Guide
5.3 Geocode
SAP HANA Academy

Smart Data Quality/Integration:
Geocode Transformation

Thank you
Contact information:
open@sap.com
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Week 2 Unit 2: Spatial Aggregation
and Set Operations
Spatial Aggregation and Set Operations
Introduction
Set operations
Operations performed on a set of geometries, e.g. the intersection of the trading
areas of your sales stores and the downtown business area.
Aggregation
Grouping operations on a set of geometries, e.g. the convex hull over the
customer location of a sales store.

Set operation methods
You use set operation methods to relate two geometries.
SELECT "REGION_1".ST_Union("REGION_2")
FROM "SALES_REGIONS";
Analogous to arithmetic functions over numerical data

Shape A
Union
SELECT "REVENUE" - "COST" AS "PROFIT Shape B
FROM "SALES";

List of available set operation methods
"SHAPE_A".ST_Union("SHAPE_B")
"SHAPE_A".ST_Intersection("SHAPE_B")
Union
"SHAPE_A".ST_Difference("SHAPE_B")
Intersection
"SHAPE_A".ST_SymDifference("SHAPE_B")
Difference
Symmetric
ST_IntersectionAggr("SHAPE")
Difference
ST_UnionAggr("SHAPE")

Aggregation
You use aggregate methods to group geometries.

SELECT "CONTINENT", ST_UnionAggr("COUNTRY_SHAPE")
FROM "COUNTRIES
GROUP BY "CONTINENT";
Analogous to aggregation methods over numerical data

SELECT "COUNTRY", SUM("REVENUE")
FROM "SALES
GROUP BY "COUNTRY";

List of available geometry aggregation methods
ST_AsSVGAggr("SHAPE")
Returns a complete or partial SVG document that renders the
geometries in a group
ST_ConvexHullAggr ("SHAPE")
Returns the convex hull for all of the geometries in a group
ST_EnvelopeAggr ("SHAPE")
Returns the bounding rectangle for all of the geometries in a group
ST_IntersectionAggr ("SHAPE")
Returns the spatial intersection of all of the geometries in a group
ST_UnionAggr ("SHAPE")
Returns the spatial union of all of the geometries

Further information

Aggregate Methods
Set Operation Methods

Thank you
open@sap.com

Week 2 Unit 3:
Spatial Predicates and Joins
Introduction
You use spatial predicates to evaluate the relationship of

two geometries.
Example: Identify customers within a specific sales area.
SELECT * FROM "CUSTOMERS" "POINT".ST_Within("RECTANGLE") = 1

WHERE "LOCATION".ST_Within([geometry]) = 1;
Analogous to comparisons over numerical data
SELECT * FROM "SALES"

WHERE "AMOUNT" BETWEEN 100 AND 500;

Examples
g1 g2 g1
g2
g2
g1 g2 g1
g2 g2
g1
g1.ST_Within(g2) g1 g1 g2
g2
g1 g2 = g1 I(g1) E(g2) = g1
g2 g2
g1.ST_Contains(g2) g1 g1.ST_Crosses(g2)
g1 g2 = g2 I(g1) I(g2) g2 I(g1) I(g2) (g1 g2 g1) (g1 g2 g2)]
g1
g1
g2 g1.ST_Touches(g2)
g1.ST_Intersects(g2) g1
g1 (g1 g2 ) (B(g1) B(g2) = )
g1 g2
g1 g2
g1
g1 g1.ST_Overlaps(g2)
g2 g2
g1 g2 (I(g1) I(g2) )
g2 (I(g1) E(g2) )
g1.ST_Disjoint(g2)
g1.ST_Equals(g2) g1.ST_Covers(g2) *
g1 g2 (E(g1) I(g2) )
g1 g2 =
g1 = g2 g1 g2 = g2
* No OGC standard
ST_WithinDistance
The ST_WithinDistance method tests if the

smallest distance between two geometries is
within a specified distance, taking tolerance
into consideration.
"SHAPE_A".ST_WithinDistance("SHAPE_B",
[distance],[unit])

ST_Relate predicate use
The ST_Relate method tests if a geometry is spatially related to another geometry by looking for
intersection between the interior, boundary, and exterior.
"SHAPE_A".ST_Relate("SHAPE_B" , 'T*F**F***') = 0
You pass a DE-9IM string reflecting the intersection results to test for. If the conditions are satisfied,
ST_Relate returns 1; if not, 0 is returned.
g2 I g2 B g2 E T = one of: 0, 1, 2 (an intersection of any dimension)

F = -1
g1 I 1 2 3
* = -1, 0, 1, 2 (any value)
g1 B 4 5 6 0=0
g1 E 7 8 9 1=1
2=2
I = Interior
B = Boundary
E = Exterior

Using spatial predicates in SAP HANA SQL
In the SELECT clause

SELECT "LOCATION".ST_Within([geometry]), "NAME" FROM "CUSTOMERS";
In the WHERE clause

SELECT "NAME" FROM "CUSTOMERS" WHERE "LOCATION".ST_Within([geometry]) = 1;
As JOIN condition
SELECT * FROM "STORES" AS S
LEFT JOIN "CUSTOMERS" AS C
ON C."LOCATION".ST_Within(S."TRADING_AREA") = 1;


Predicates

Thank you
open@sap.com

Week 2 Unit 4: Access, Computation,
and Transformation Functions
Access, Computation, and Transformation Functions
Introduction
Besides set operations and aggregation functions,

SAP HANA provides methods to
Access properties of a geometry
e.g. the X coordinate/longitude of a point
Compute properties of a geometry
e.g. the area of a polygon
Transform a geometry
e.g. a point into a circle given a buffer

Access functions
SAP HANA supports methods to access ST_YMax()

geometry properties.
ST_YMin()
"POINT".ST_X(), "POINT".ST_Y()
"GEOM".ST_XMax(), "GEOM".ST_XMin()
2nd Point
"LINE".ST_NumPoints(), "LINE".ST_PointN([n]) NumPoints = 3
"GEOM".ST_Dimension() Start End
"LINE".ST_StartPoint(), "LINE".ST_EndPoint()
"GEOM".ST_GeometryType()
"GEOM".ST_Srid() Geometry Type
"GEOM".ST_ExteriorRing() = ST_Polygon
Exterior Ring
"GEOM".ST_InteriorRingN([n])

Computation functions
SAP HANA supports methods to compute

geometry properties.
"LINE".ST_Length()
"GEOM".ST_Perimeter()
Length Perimeter Area
"GEOM".ST_Area()
"GEOM".ST_Centroid()
"GEOM".ST_Distance("GEOM")
Centroid Distance
"GEOM".ST_isValid(), "GEOM".ST_isEmpty(),
"LINE".ST_isClosed(), "GEOM".ST_isSimple()

ST_Relate
The ST_Relate method tests if a geometry value is spatially related to another geometry value by
testing for the intersection between the interior, boundary, and exterior of two geometries.
"SHAPE_A".ST_Relate("SHAPE_B") = '212111212'
The result is a 9-character string in DE-9IM format, where each character of the string represents the
dimension of the result of an intersection test.
g2 I g2 B g2 E
g1 I 1 2 3 In the above example, the first digit is '2', which means the
g1 B 4 5 6 intersection of the interiors of SHAPE_A and SHAPE_B
g1 E 7 8 9 has dimension 2.
I = Interior
B = Boundary
E = Exterior

Transformation functions
SAP HANA supports methods to transform

geometries.
"GEOM".ST_Boundary()
Boundary Buffer
"GEOM".ST_Buffer([distance])
"GEOM".ST_ConvexHull()
"GEOM".ST_Envelope()
Convex Hull Envelope
"GEOM".ST_Transform([srid])
Transform


Supported Methods

Thank you
open@sap.com

Week 2 Unit 5:
Spatial Clustering
Spatial Clustering
Introduction
SAP HANA supports clustering of spatial data (points).

You use clustering to divide/separate points into
meaningful groups.
SAP HANA supports three clustering algorithms

spherical clusters
Grid
K-means
DBSCAN
When clustering, you can

Associate each data point with a cluster non-spherical clusters
Derive cluster properties, like centroid and envelope
Aggregate data of the clusters data points

Spatial Clustering
Grid
Quick and easy way to use clustering
Methods
ST_ClusterID()
ST_ClusterEnvelope()
Cells tessellate the grid.

4*3 grid clustering
Every cell has a unique identifier.
SELECT ST_ClusterID(), ST_ClusterEnvelope(), COUNT(*) AS C
FROM "CUSTOMERS"
GROUP CLUSTER BY "LOCATION"
USING GRID X CELLS 10 Y CELLS 10;

Spatial Clustering
K-means
Centroid-based, iterative clustering method
Methods
ST_ClusterID()
ST_ClusterCentroid()
Suitable for spherical clusters.
Initialization methods: RANDOM PARTITION, FORGY k-means clustering

SELECT ST_ClusterID(), ST_ClusterCentroid(), COUNT(*) AS C
FROM "CUSTOMERS"
USING KMEANS CLUSTERS 10;

Spatial Clustering
DBSCAN
Density-based clustering method
Methods
ST_ClusterID()
Suitable for non-spherical clusters.
Parameters: EPS, MINPTS

SELECT ST_ClusterID(), COUNT(*) AS C DBSCAN clustering
FROM "CUSTOMERS"
USING DBSCAN EPS 40 MINPTS 50;

Spatial Clustering
Window functions
Spatial clustering is supported in window functions.
SELECT ST_ClusterID() OVER (

CLUSTER BY "LOCATION" USING KMEANS CLUSTERS 100
) AS "CLUSTER_ID", "NAME", "STATUS"
FROM "CUSTOMERS"
ORDER BY "CLUSTER_ID";

Spatial Clustering
Example UI

Spatial Clustering

Spatial Clustering

Thank you
open@sap.com

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Week 2 Unit 1: Geocoding and

You have the address of an entity, e.g. a

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 2

SAP HANA supports geocoding, reverse Geocoding service,

This data transformation/enrichment can

Geocode reference data

*additional licenses might be required SAP HANA

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 3

SAP HANA smart data quality

Address Geocode Longitude,

Geocode reference data

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 4

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 5

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 6

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 7

SAP HANA geocode index Geocoding service,

Geocode reference data

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 8

Generates latitude and longitude from an address

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 9

CREATE GEOCODE INDEX "HSGS"."GCI_ADDRESSES" ON "HSGS"."ADDRESSES" (

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 10

SAP HANA Spatial Reference

SAP HANA Smart Data Integration

SAP HANA Academy

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 11

National product specifications may vary.

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 13

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 2

You use set operation methods to relate two geometries.

Analogous to arithmetic functions over numerical data

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 3

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 4

You use aggregate methods to group geometries.

Analogous to aggregation methods over numerical data

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 5

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 6

SAP HANA Spatial Reference

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 7

National product specifications may vary.

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 9

You use spatial predicates to evaluate the relationship of

Example: Identify customers within a specific sales area.

SELECT * FROM "CUSTOMERS" "POINT".ST_Within("RECTANGLE") = 1

Analogous to comparisons over numerical data

SELECT * FROM "SALES"

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 2

g1 g2 = g2 I(g1) I(g2) g2 I(g1) I(g2) (g1 g2 g1) (g1 g2 g2)]

The ST_WithinDistance method tests if the

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 4

g2 I g2 B g2 E T = one of: 0, 1, 2 (an intersection of any dimension)

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 5

In the SELECT clause

In the WHERE clause

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 6

SAP HANA Spatial Reference

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 7

National product specifications may vary.

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 9

Besides set operations and aggregation functions,

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 2

SAP HANA supports methods to access ST_YMax()

2016 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Public 3

SAP HANA supports methods to compute