REPONSE SHEET Workshop 3 Linkage

For each of the given crosses

1. Mate parent flies and backcross F1 to male parent to get F2. Insert

computer generated results.

2. Hypothesise the ratios of F2 phenotypes after backcrossing assuming

that independent assortment has occurred.

3. Determine which F2 phenotypes are parental and which are recombinants.

4. Note the numbers of F2 progeny next to your hypothetical outcome.

5. Do a chi-square test of your hypothesis on the F2 data (computer generated).

6. Do the results of this test support your hypothesis. If not, what do they suggest?

7. Calculate recombination frequency between the loci by dividing the sum of the F2

recombinant phenotypes by the total number of F2 progeny and multiplying by 100

(ie, express this figure as a percentage).

8. State the map distance in centimorgans. (1% recombination frequency =

1 centimorgan (cM). Thus a recombination frequency of 33% is also a map distance

of 33 centimorgans.)

9. Comment on the recombination frequency/ map distance.

The crosses are:

wild type female x purple eyes and apterous wings male

wild type female x sepia eyes and spineless bristles male
wild type female x radius incomplete and spineless bristles male
wild type female x brown eyes and dumpy wings male
Sample.

1. wild type female x eyeless eyes and shaven bristles male

Parents F1 cross
Female + X Male EY,SV Female + Male EY,SV
F1 Progeny F2 Progeny
Phenotype Number Ratio Phenotype Number Ratio
Female, + 5091 1.035 + 4964 99.28
Male, + 4917 1 EY 50 1
Total 10008 SV 50 1
EY, SV 4952 99.04
Total 10016

2. Hypothesis Assuming independent assortment, the ratio of F2 phenotypes resulting from an F1

backcross will be 1 wild 1 eyeless eyes 1 spineless bristles 1 eyeless eyes and spineless bristles.

3. Parental phenotypes are wild and eyeless eyes and spineless bristles

Recombinant phenotypes are eyeless eyes and spineless bristles

4. Ratio produced is 4964 50 50 4952

Hypothetical ratio is 1 1 1 1

5. Chi-square test (computer generated)

Phenotype Observed numbers Expected ratio

+ 4964 1
BW 50 1
AP 50 1
BW AP 4952 1
Chi-square 9620.02 df = 3

6. 9620.02 is greater than 7.81 does not support independent assortment. Suggests linkage.

7. Recombinant frequency = (50 + 50)/10016 x 100 = 0.998% 1%

8. Map distance = 1 cM

9. The genes for eyeless eye and spineless bristles are located very close to each other on the

same chromosome and are very tightly linked so very little crossing over occurs.