) (

Productivity and the Factors Involved

in the Industrial Sector
An Applied Study to the Woodwork Industry in Gaza Strip

2005
 )

11

600 160

%26.6 140

%88

II
 Abstract
This study defines productivity and points out its importance, its
evaluation measures, and the factors involved. In addition, the study
sheds light on the Palestinian economy under Intefadat-ul-Aqsa, the
problems it faces and the damages inflected. Productivity has received
remarkable attention in the economic and administrative literature
because of its importance in the social, economic and cultural aspects. It is
considered as the basic indicator that shows progress in the national
economy and the national income, which are the aims that both developed
and underdeveloped countries are trying to achieve. In addition,
productivity indicates any increase or stability in the industrial sector in
the national economy.

The study population includes all the working woodwork installations

in the Gaza Strip which is 600 installations. The sample consists of 131
installations, distributed in all Gaza Strip. Results indicated that there is
a relationship between employees productivity in Gaza woodwork
industry and a number of factors that affect this industry such as
incentives, rights of employees, the Israeli practices, and the invested
capital.

At the end, the researcher recommended developing the financial services

and the personnel, legislating laws to regulate the employer-employees
relationship, and urging the Palestinian Authority to coordinate with the
Israelis in order to facilitate the movement of both people and goods
through the border entrances.

III


- ...

- ...

- ...

- ...

- ...

- ...

2005

IV


1
" " ) (

" " ...

-1 .40

I
II
III
IV
V
VI
XII
XIV

2 -1
3 1.1
4 1.2
5 1.3
6 1.4
9 1.5
10 -2
12 -3
13 - 4
14 -5
15 -6
16 -7
16 -8
17 -9

VI

26 -1
28 -2
31 -3
32 3.1
32 3.1.1
34 3.1.2
35 3.1.3
36 3.1.4
36 3.1.5
37 3.1.6
38 3.1.7
39 3.1.8
40 3.2
41 3.2.1
42 3.2.2
44 3.2.3
45 3.2.4
45 3.2.5
45 -4
46 4.1
48 4.2
49 4.2.1
49 4.2.2
49 4.2.3
49 4.2.3.1
50 4.3
53 4.4
53 4.5

VII
55 4.6
56 4.7
57 4.7.1
57 4.7.2
59 4.7.3
59 4.7.4
60 4.7.5
61 4.7.6
62 -5 2003/9/28
63 -6.

66 -1
67 -2
69 2.1
70 -3
71 3.1
72 3.2
72 3.3
73 3.4
73 -4
74 4.1
75 4.2
75 4.2.1
76 4.2.2
77 4.2.2.1
79 4.2.2.2
79 4.2.2.3
80 -5
80 5.1

VIII
81 5.2
81 5.2.1
82 5.3
83 -6
83 6.1
84 6.1.1 ILO
86 6.1.2
88 6.1.3
89 -7
90 7.1
90 7.2
91 7.3
91 7.4
92 -8

95 -1
96 -2
96 2.1
97 2.2
97 2.2.1
98 2.2.2
101 -3
103 -4
104 4.1
105 4.2
106 4.3
106 -5
) (
108 -1

IX
109 -2
111 -3
112 3.1
113 3.2
115 3.3
116 3.4
118 3.5
120 3.6
120 3.6.1
123 3.7
124 3.8
126 -4
126 4.1
127 4.2
127 4.3
130 4.4
131 -5
131 5.1
132 5.2
132 5.3
133 5.4
133 5.5
134 5.6
134 5.7
135 -6


138 -1
138 -2

X
139 2.1
140 2.2
143 -3
143 3.1
145 3.2
146 3.3
148 -4
150 -5
156 -6
158
.1
158

159 .2
159 .3
160 .4
160 .5
161 .6
161 .7

163 ) (1
170 ) (2

172
175
178

XI


10 . )(1

11 . )(2

29 . ) (1 1

44 . ) (1 2

47 . ) (1 3

51 ) (1 4
.

54 . ) (1 5

19992000
56 ) (1 6
2001.

58 ) (1 7
.

58 ) (1 8
.

60 ) (1 9

60 )(1 10
.

61 )(1 11
.

61 )(1 12
.

99 . ) (3 1

XII
99 . ) (3 2

100 . ) (3 3

102 . ) (3 4

104 . ) (3 5

112 . ) (4 1

114 . ) (4 2

116 . ) (4 3

117 . )( 44

119 . ) (4 5

121 . )( 4 6

122 ) (4 7
20012002 2003 .

124 . ) (4 8

125 . ) (4 9

140 . ) (5 1

141 . ) (5 2

142 . ) (5 3

143 . ) (5 4

144 . ) (5 5

145 ) (5 6
.

147 ) (5 7
.

150 . ) (5 8

155 . ) (5 9

XIII



UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
UNIDO
ORG.
ILO INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORG.
TP TOTAL PRODUCTIVITY.
TO TOTAL OUTOUT.
TI TOTAL INPUT.
PP PARTIAL PRODUCTIVITY.
L LABOR.
LP LABOR PRODUCTIVITY.
NL NUMBER OF WORKERS.
AV ADDED VALUE.
H NUMBER OF HOURS.
HP HOUR PRODUCTIVITY.
CP CAPITAL PRODUCTIVITY.
NA NET ASSETS.
RC RAWMATERIAL COST.
WIU WOOD INDUSTRIAL UNION.

XIV


.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

.9

.1:

) (1995

) ( 1989

1998

(.

1.1 :

) .( 1966

United Nation Industrial

( UNIDO) Development Organization 1979 " :

) .( 1979

1.2 :

(ILO) International Labor Organization

) .( 1951

) .( 1989

= /

1.3 :

) .( 1983

) :( 1996

: :

- .

- ) (.

- .

- .

- .

: :

- .

- .

- .

- .

- .

- .

- .

1.4 :

1987

) 1993.( 2001

) .( 1997

%20

) .( 1997

2002

):(1

- .% 9.2

- .%12.6

- .% 11

- .% 67.2

- -

-1 2002
.

% 16.8 ) 1998 .( 1998

1994 % 13.3

) .( 2000

2003

).(2003

) :( 2001

- %36

%46

%10

- .

- .

- .

- .

1.5 :

.( 2000

) (1

) %12 .( 2000

)(1

120 13 1948
1700 412 1996
5000 600 2001

: .2002

% 81

) .( 2000

1994

.2 :

10


% 1.4

1998 % 4.4 1999

) .( 2000

) (2 - -

) ( "

".

)(2

$ /

36,252,000 1997
34,771,600 1998
32,257,000 1999
28,331,000 2000
29,285,000 2001

: .2002

11


.3 :
:

. .1

.2

.3

. .1

.2

12


.1

.2

.4 :
:

13


.5 :

= / .

- .

- .

- .

- .

- .

- .

- .

- .

- .

- .

14


.6 :

) .( 1978

15


.7 :

.8 :

16


SPSS

600 .

160 %26.6 140

131 .

.9 :

) (1994 "

"

17


%16 966 .

) (1992-1986 .

.1

.2

.3

) (1996 "

"

18


1967

1996 .

.1

.2

.3

) (1997 "

" "

) :

( .

38 .

19


: T

.1

.2

.3

) (1990 "

"

.1

.2

20


.3

.4

.5

) (1995 "

"

.1

.2

21


) (1996 "

" :

(128) 1994

) (90

) (112 .

. :

22


. .

. .

) (1999 "

"

23


. .

. .

. .

24


.1.

.2 .

.3 .

.4 .

.5 .2003/9/28

.6.

25


.1:

2004

2002

%50 %60

2002

2002 (.

%60

2002 %55

26


)(1
%70

%40 ) .(2002

2000

1997

1999 ) %5

.(2)(2001

) %70

)(3
(2002

-1 1540 350


1452 5.94
1704 6.2
1540 ) .(2001
-2 .http://www.support-group.org
-3 1995
2000 2002
" " .2002 :

. :
149

) (.

27


900

.2 :
1967

)(1

).(2004

1994

-1 . "


.

28


)(1
1967 %18

)(1 -1
)(2002 1994

) $(
1330.2 3081.9 1994
1416.6 3517.6 1995
1394.2 3667.7 1996
1441.5 4011.9 1997
1470.8 4261.5 1998
1495.7 4516.6 1999
1410.1 4441.8 2000
1241 4093 2001
952 3390 2002
: ) (2000-1994
2003 15 13
2001 2002 2002
2002 ) (2 .9

) (11

).(2004

-1 %5 ) (2003
)(
.

29


)(1

):(2003

.1 .

.2

-1 :
-
.
. -
. -
. -
. -
. -
. -

30


.3

.4

.5

.6

.3 :

).(2003

31


3.1 :

3.1.1 :

) (

2000 4,947

2000 4,430

2000

2000 ).(2003

32


3,800

%85 2000

.2000

2000

2,708 273

2,981 ) (2002

2000 .

774

183 957

) (2002

)( 276

178 454

).(2002

%8.2

%7.6

) .(2001

33


2001

%14.8 %20.3 2002

%36 ) %37.5 .(2002

1,656

2002 2,379

).(2003

)( 2002

4,625 6,818

).(2003

3.1.2 :

1999 %3.1

) (%5.3 2000

2002 2001 ) (%19.5) (%25.5

%3.9 1999 %7.5 2000

34


%23.2 2001 %26.4 2002

) .(2002

3.1.3 :

) (1

130

%83 2000 %66.9

%67.6 2002

%6.4 2000 %4.8

%5.6 .2002

%10 2000 %28.3

%27.3 ) 2002 .(2002

35 ) (1

35
.
35 35 .

35


3.1.4 :

%7.3

1995 1999

%5.2 %5.5

%13.6 ) 2000

.(2001

%44 2000 %10.5

2001 2000 %45

%37 ) .(2001

%8.8

2000 %16.2 2001

%50-55 ) 2002 .(2002

)(

2002 %60 ).(2003

3.1.5:

36


80

2001

450 3500 ).(2003

( %53 2000

) .(2002

2000

%28 %84 ) 2002 (2002

1,765

2000 647 ) 2001 .(2002

3.1.6:

2000 ) %15 (2001

%5.6

37


2001 %15.5 %17 2002

) .(2002

2001 %2.1

2000 %7.7 2002

) .(2002

2002 2001 2000

%7.6 %2.1 %2.7

%11.5 2000

2002

%20.1 %60 2002

637 2 ) .(2002

3.1.7 :

%40 .

2000 %34.6 %27.6

38


%3 %47.2

) %91.2.(2003

) 2000

)(1
271 (

2000 207 2000

171.3 ) 2001 .(2001

3.1.8 :

%75 .

%63

1999 %51 ) 2000

-1 :
10

)(
. 1997
100



).(2002

39


(2003

207

2000 338 2001

2002 648 ).(2001

83 1999

29 2002

107

86 2002

44

57

) .2002 .(2002

3.2 :

40


3.2.1 :

5,865

2.2

%84.1 1,851,070 ) .(2003

1999

%10 %7

1999

%9 ) 2002/2001 .(2003

59

2000 104 2001

) (2003 2000

127 681 2002 947

) 2003.(1)(2003

%49

-1 /
.2003/6/18

41


%75 2001

%1

) .(2001

%70

).(2003

3.2.2 :

%8 %16

) (2003

42


2001

123.4 ) (2002

2002 891 %65

).(2003

) (12

2000/9/28 .2003/2/24

2002

14179 13693 2003

%11.2 2001

2002 .%10.8 459.3

2001 330.2 .(1)2002

-1 .

43


)(1 2
2000/9/28 2003/12/31

***2003 **2002 *2001

% % %

88 87 90

67 65 60

88 87 85

91 90 90

65 67 65

87 82 80

65 61 60

75 73 70

83 82 75
* :
2000/9/28 .2001/2/24
** 2002/1/1 .2002/12/31
*** 2003/1/1 .2003/12/31

3.2.3 :

%11 1999

"

"2000

%75

2000 %90 2002

44


106 2000 84 ) 2001

(2002 2000 52

791 ) 2002.(2003

3.2.4 :

%10 1999

%30

524 ) 2002

.(2003

3.2.5 :

%5.4 1999

303 ) 2002.(2003

.4 :

45


- -

) .(1995

4.1 :

2000

2001 %12.6 %16

%21

.2000 2001 2000

%16.2 %16 ) (2003

) (13 1998

.2003

46


)(13

%15.6 %17 1998

%16 %18 1999

%16 %16 2000

%16.2 %12.6 2001

%14.2 %10.8 2002

%15.9 %15.2 2003

: .2003

).(2001

47


2000/9/21 2000/12/12 %77 2000/12/13

2001/3/15 %50 2000/9/28

2001/3/15 475

15 175.5

1.5 667

) .(2001

4.2 :

) (1)(ISIC

.1 .

.2 .

.3 .

-1

.

48


4.2.1 :

4.2.2 :

4.2.3 ):(1

"

" )

.(1995

).(1995

"

" ).(2000

4.2.3.1 :

) (ISIC

) (1

49


):(2003

.1 .

.2 .

.3 .

.4 .

.5
.

.6 ) (.

.7 .

.8 .

.9 .

4.3 :

) (14

23.1 1977

28.2 1979

19.6 1984 20.4

1985 1987 1986

1994

1994 %8.1

50


) .(1995

)(14

*** ** *

%16.6 %12.1 28.1 1979

%7.9- %8.6 23.4 1981

%23.4- %9.0 19.6 1984

%93.6 %12.6 39.5 1986

%22.4 %11.0 37.0 1988

%8.9 %11.6 40.3 1990

: .1990 117
* .
** .
*** .

2000

51


2001 %12.6

4,093

2000 %16

2002

%10.8 3390

2003

%15.2 3144 ).(1

%14.5

2000 88,200

%25.5 ) 2001.(2003

2001

15.6

2000 %42.6

2000 27.2 1999 34.2

) .(2000

-1 .
.

52


4.4 :

1967

) (15

2000 .2003

4.5 :

) (1

11 %93

20 %2 50 %0.3 )

(1999

50.

-1

4-0 9-5 49-10
99-50 100 ).(1999

53


)(15

2003 2000
2003 2002 2001 2000

% % % %
2.2 301 2.2 312 1.9 274 2.0 293
11.8 1540 11.9 1598 13.0 1793 13.5 1868
2.2 286 2.0 263 2.1 296 2.07 287
17.4 2274 14.3 1920 16.0 2231 14.8 2048
5.3 695 5.8 782 5.1 721 5.05 698
6.4 838 5.9 796 6.6 909 6.4 890
0.35 45 0.3 46 0.3 43 0.35 49
1.2 159 1.3 170 1.3 185 1.4 196
1.2 158 1.4 192 1.3 157 1.4 194
0.98 128 1.1 145 1.1 148 1.07 149
13.2 1730 14.2 1917 13.7 1932 12.6 1746
0.15 20 0.2 32 0.17 25 0.18 25
14.5 2902 17.6 3070 19.4 3345 17.8 3116
1.5 199 1.7 233 1.6 230 1.59 220
0.61 80 0.7 90 0.65 92 0.64 89
0.35 46 0.4 51 0.42 60 0.42 58
0.14 18 0.3 44 0.12 18 0.12 17
17.8 1925 15.8 2126 12.7 1783 15.6 2159
2.7 349 2.9 392 2.5 364 2.95 407
100 13693 100 14179 100 14605 100 14509
: .

54


: 2
4.6

) (2003

).(1999

) (16

) 2001 2000 1999 (

11.3% 2000

10% 1999

34.2% 2001

-2 :


.
).(2001

55


33%

.(1)2000

)(16

2001 2000 1999

***2001 **2000 *1999

459.2 698.4 787

419.8 626.4 695.5

91.4% 89.7% 88.4%

:
* 1999 .2000
** 2000 .2002
*** 2001 .2003

4.7 :

%89.6 2000

-1 842 "
-
.2004

56


4.7.1 :

%66 1960

%13 .

1987 1967

%22-%20

%37-%33

) .(2003

) (17

4.7.2 :

%16 )

.(2003

57


)(17

***2001 **2000 *1999

2563 2335 2788

18438 23637 21883

59 94 78

:
* 1999 .2000
** 2000 .2002
***
.2003

) (18

)(18

2001 2000 1999

726 698 706

4056 3878 3289

25.3 36.1 18.2

: .

58


4.7.3 :

):(2001

: .

. : .

: . .

) (19

4.7.4 :

) (1996 ) (110

59


)(19

2001 2000 1999
1834 1830 2420
16333 21303 18633
42 85 66

: .

)(110

2001 2000 1999

1940 1746 1854

11320 11958 13636

73 105.5 180
: .

4.7.5 :

).(1996

) (111

60


)(111

2001 2000 1999

1940 3116 3173

7882 7525 7604

35.8 52.3 62.8

: .

4.7.6 :

- -

).(1-12

)(112

2001 2000 1999

939 890 805

2640 2238 1870

14.6 19.6 11

: .

61


. 5 :2003/9/28
2000

%21

2000/9/28

%90

) .(2003

62


. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. 6:

63


3.3

1.1

2002 650

900

2000/9/28

64


.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

65


.1:

).(1989

66


).(1966

) (UNIDO 1979 :

"

).(1979

.2 :

) (Rostas

) (1983

67


) (Fabricant

" ...

)(1
).(1994 "

) (2001 ":

)( )(

".

) (OEEC " :

" )

.(1955

" "

" ".

).(1992

-1 ) (Salter "

" ).(1994
) (Quinn

).(1994

68


(ILO)Intarnational Labor Organization

" :

) .(1981

2.1 :

) .(2001

) ( )(

10 10 )( 5

7 ..... :

- )( )(.

- )( = 1 = 10/10 .

- )(= 1.4 = 5/7 .

69


.1 .

.2 .

.3 .

.4 .

.5 .

.3 :

70


3.1 :

:(2001

. .

).(1

-1 "
1994
):(1986
. -
. -

71


3.2 :

. .

. .

. .

. .

3.3 :

-
.
. -
. -

72


3.4 :

) .(1984

).(1994

.4 :

"

73


"

).(2001

4.1 :

"

"

" "

).(Kandril , 1971

. .

74


4.2 :

4.2.1 :

)(TP

Total Productivity

) Total Output (TO

) Total Input (TI :

75


TO
= TP =
TI

).(1983

4.2.2 :

) Partial Productivity (PP

TO
= PP =
S

) (1983

76


4.2.2.1 :

" ) Labor (L

" ) Labor Productivity (LP

TO
=
= LP
L

):(1983

. .

. .

):(1

-1
1986 .720 719

77


: :

TO
= LP =
NL
.

AV
= LP =
NL

TO
= HP =
H

.
AV
= HP =
H
.

: :

TO
= SP =
S

78


AV
= SP =
S

4.2.2.2 :

).(1987

CP :

TO =
= CP
NA )(1

4.2.2.3 :

) (1
.

79


).(1987

RP :

TO
=R =
RC

.5 :

.(1983

5.1 :

.1

80


.2

.3

5.2 :

) (1971 Kandril

)(

5.2.1 :

) .(1977

).(1994

81


):(1971

: .1

: : .2

.(1980

5.3 :

.1

82


.2

.3 .

.4

.6 :

).(1983

).(1987

6.1 :

83


):(1983

6.1.1 ):1(ILO

: :

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

-1 .WWW.ILO.ORG

84


: :

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

85


. .

. .

: :

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. ) (.

. .

. .

6.1.2 ):(A.Jendson

) (A.Jendson

):(1983

: :

..

86


. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

: :

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

87


6.1.3 ):(S.Kukoleca

) (S.Kukoleca

):(1983

: :

) (S.Kukoleca :

: .1

: .2

: )(:

88


) (S.Kukoleca

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

.7 :

Middle East Report

19 1993

1994 /

89


.... .

):(2001

7.1 :

7.2 :

90


7.3 :

7.4 :

1994

20

91


.8:

- .

92


- .

93


.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

94


.1:

95


.2 :

2.1 :

: .1

) (14.

: .2

) (15.

: .3

) (14.

: .4

) (15.

96


: .5

) (12.

Pilot Study ) (12

2.2 :

2.2.1 :

) (2

97


).(1

2.2.2 :

) (Person

) 0.01 (0.05

).(41

: :

2
).(3 1 =
+1

98


)(31

) 0.00 (0.01 0.807

) 0.00 (0.01 0.842


) 0.00 (0.01 0.857

: :

) (42

)(32

0.910 15
0.801 14
0.526 15
0.862 44

99


)(33

**
0.000 0.930 0.870 15
**
0.000 0.821 0.659 14
*
0.048 0.294 0.173 15

**
0.000 0.756 0.609 44

** .0.01
* .0.05

) (33

0.01 0.05 .

100


.3 :
50

1995 2000

) (2000

600 5200

9 ) .(2000

167

2004 ) :(109

%63 . .

%20 . .

101


%4 . .

%13 . .

160

140

131

%81.8 ).(34

)(34

% 18.3 24

% 64.9 85

% 5.3 7

% 6.9 9

% 4.6 6

% 100 131

: .

102


).(1998

.4 :

SPSS

(5) : (4) (3)

) (2 (1) . :

.1

.2 .

.3 ANOVA

.4 .

.5 .

103


.6 Cross tab .

.7 Binomial Test .

.8 .

4.1 ) - ):(1- Sample K-S

. Z )

Z ( sig. 0.05 ) 0.05

).(35

)(35

0.032 1.436

0.017 1.548

0.010 1.621

0.189 1.086

104


4.2 :Binomial Test

Binomial Test

3 0.05

3 .0.05

4.3 :

0.05 sig < 0.05 0.05

105


.5

131 600

12 :

106


.1.

.2 .

.3 .

.4 .

.5 .

.6.

107


.1:

600 5500 9

.(2004

108


.2 :
%62.5

%20

) ( %13.8

%3.8 ) (1 :

.1 %70

.2 .

.3

-1 2004
.3

109


.4 -

) (4 4

%47.5 1993

%52.5 :

.(2004

110


.3 :
)(

)(1

%63

5 %89

) (4-1

%92.4

) (2 %6.1 ) (3

%1.5 ).(4

-1


.
-2
).(2001
-3

).(2001
-4
)(2001

111


)(41

%
83.5
14.3
2.2
0

%100
:

3.1:

%17.5

%44.5 ) (1

%24 ) (2 %14

).(3

-1
.
-2 .
-3
.

112


)(

%53

3.2 :

) (42 %39.4

- .

113


8 .

- .

)(42

%
39.4
27.6
3.3
5.3

%100
: .

1296

298 ) (1 871

200

-1 4.35.

114


3.3 :

.1 : .

.2 :

.3 : .

.4 : .

.5 :

%76.3

%9.2

%4.6 %6.1

%3.8 ).(43

115


) ( 4 3

% 76.3 100
% 9.2 12
% 4.6 6
% 6.1 8
% 3.8 5
% 100 131
: .

3.4:

) (44

%58.5 %23.6

116


%11.7

).(1

)(44

1 %58.5 114

2 %23.6 46

5 %2.5 5

3 %11.7 23

6 %0.6 1

4 %3.1 6

7 %0.0 0

%100 * 195
: .
* = 131
.

)(

-1 :
- .
- .
- .
- " " .

117


%14

.(2004

3.5 :

%74.9

) .(2004

118


%64.1

%13.7

%11.5 %10.7

) (45

%0.5

)(45

%
% 10.7 14
% 11.5 15
% 64.1 84
% 13.7 18
% 100 131
: .

119


3.6 :

.1 : :

- : .

- : MDF

.2 :

3.6.1 :

) (46

%94.2

120


)(46

%
2 %37.3 62
1 %56.9 95
4 % 0.5 1
3 %5.3 9
% 100 *167
: .
*
167 131 .

) (4 7

.2003 2002 2001

121


)(47

2003 2002 2001

2003 2002 2001

2012.46 - 3581.3 48 2938.97 159

246 32 328.8 526.65 18993.73 335.2

4320.5 - 6172 118 8807.99 795.5 MDF

1037 - 399 - 285 45

471 - 734 - 364 89

4141.1 817 7887.5 585 2893.96 911.8

78 30 2652 - 356 15

3352.86 35 4182.9 - 2389.63 330.25

266 10 632.5 5.01 417 79.22

70 - 57 - 28 75

75 - - - - 5

- 22.5 19.3 84.9 - 387.2

13032.92 242.93 21785.33 705.3 60873 3743.94

29102.84 1189.43 48431.63 2072.86 98347.28 6971.11

: .2003

122


3.7 :

%77.1 %21.4

) (48

123


)(48

% 21.4 28

% 77.1 101

% 1.5 2

% 100 131

: .

3.8 :

600

124


%20.5 %19.6

%17.7

%15.2

) (49

)(49

1 % 20.5 111

2 % 19.6 106

3 % 17.7 96

4 % 15.2 82

5 % 12.7 68

6 % 11.8 64

7 % 2.5 13

% 100 *540

: .
*
.540

125


)(1
.4
(WIU)Wood Industrial Union

1999

4.1

" :

"

-1
.2004

126


. .

. .

4.2 :

. :

. .

. .

. .

. .

4.3 :

127


: .1

.2003

: .2

128


.3 :

.4 :

.5 :

129


4.4 :

.1 :

.2 :

130


.3 :

.6 :

) (2004

5.1 :

131


5.2 :

5.3 :

. .

132


5.4 :

5.5 :

. .

133


. .

5.6 :

5.7 :

134


. .

. .

.7:

13 1948

600 .2000

- -

135


1999

136


.1

.2

.3

.4

.5 ) (

.6

.7

137


.1:

131

.2 :

600

138


167

) 2004 .(2004

2.1 :

%76.3 %9.2

%6.1 %4.6

%3.8

) (51

% 71.0

% 9.2

% 5.3 .

139


%77.1

%21.4

)(51

%
% 5.3 7
% 9.2 12
% 5.3 7
% 9.2 12
% 71.0 93
% 100 131
: .

2.2 :

%85.7

%1.4

140


).(52

)(52

%
85.7 126
1.4 2
9.5 14
3.4 5
% 100 147
: .

2004 %95

%1.6 :

%0.5 %2.5 .

%86.3

%13.7 ) (53

141


)(53

%
% 86.3 113
% 13.7 18
% 100 131
: .

%94

%30

).(54

142


)(54

%
% 28.2 37
% 12.2 16
% 59.5 78
% 100 131
: .

.3 :

0.05 3

.0.05

3.1

Binomial Test

) (55

143


)(55

% %
0.00 3.92 11.5 80.2 1
0.00 3.75 12.2 74.1 2
0.00 3.46 22.9 61.9 3
0.00 3.83 11.5 74.1 4
0.00 3.72 13 67.2 5
0.03 3.51 16 59.6 6
0.00 3.60 16.1 69.4 7
0.01 3.48 18.3 58 8
0.00 3.98 5.3 78.6 9
0.00 3.89 7.6 77.9 10
0.00 3.92 9.9 80.2 11
0.00 3.73 13.8 71.8 12
0.02 3.45 22.9 60.3 13
0.00 3.48 21.2 62.1 14
0.00 3.69 23.6 64.9 15
0.00 3.69 15.05 69.35

144


%70

%15

3.2

) (56

)(56

% %
0.00 2.77 55 32.8 1
0.00 2.79 51.9 33.6 2
0.00 2.67 61 28.2 3
0.00 4.24 10 85.4 4
0.00 2.98 42.8 37.4 5
0.00 2.98 38.5 28.5 6
0.00 2.35 66.9 21.6 7
0.00 3.63 17.5 65.6 8
0.00 2.97 37.4 38.9 9
0.00 3.95 16 73.3 10
0.00 4.11 11.5 82.4 11
0.00 2.72 57.3 29.8 12
0.00 3.92 14.5 72.5 13
0.00 2.91 56.5 30.5 14
0.00 3.21 38.34 47.18

145


%47 %38

3.3

) (57

%76

%15

146


)(57

% %

0.00 4.88 0 100 1

0.00 4.72 4.6 95.4 2
0.00 4.63 3.8 93.9 3
0.00 4.36 10.7 84.7 4
0.00 2.23 17 73 5
0.00 3.78 10.1 76 6
0.00 3.03 32 31.3 7
0.00 2.42 22.9 71.8 8
0.00 2.56 22.9 66.5 9
0.00 3.34 8.4 84 10
0.00 2.59 28.2 59.5 11
0.00 3.82 18.5 66.9 12
0.00 3.18 35.1 45.8 13
0.00 4.63 3.1 95.9 14
0.00 4.58 4.6 93.9 15
0.00 3.85 14.79 75.90

147


.4

184.45 26.29 16

0.000 0.05

68.097 26.29 16

0.000 0.05

41.363

148


26.29 16 0.000

0.05

47.242

26.29 16 0.000

149


) (58 .

)(58

16 0.000 26.29 184.45
16 0.000 26.29 68.097
16 0.000 26.29 41.363
16 0.000 26.29 47.242
: .

.5 ) (

) (59

150


: .1

: .2

...

: .3

) (1 0.789

0.000

-1 = / .

151


: .4

0.722 0.000

: .5

0.172

0.05

: .6

0.286 0.001

) (1

-1
.

152


).(2001

: .7

0.349

0.000

: .8

0.651 0.000

: .9

0.309 0.000

153


.10 :

0.225 0.025

.11 :

0.151 0.086

.1

154


)(59

0.049 0.172
0.001 0.286
0.000 0.349
0.000 0.651
0.000 0.309
0.001 0.722
0.025 0.225
0.086 0.151
: .

.2

%86

.3

155


.4 %94

.6
131

%76

%71

%86

%86

%70

%47 %76

156


-:

.1 :

.2 :

157


.1

) (1996

158


.2

.3

0.886

. ) (1990

159


.4

) (1994

.5

0.722

160


) (1996

.6

%84

) (2004

.7

2005

161


) :( 1

) :( 2

162
 1

.........:

.-

163


-2 -1

-3

-4

-5

. -6 ) (:

. -7 ) (

-8 :

) (

-9

-10 ) (

.% ...... % ...... % .......

.% ......

-11 ) (

%..... %..... % ....

% ..... ..... % .....
.% ......

164
 -12 ) (

) (

-13

-14 ) ( :

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

165


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

166


1

2
3
4
5

6
7

8

9
10
11

12

13

14
15

167


. -1

-2 " 12" :

.....................................................

-3 .

-4 .

-5 ) (

-6 "" % ............

-7

-8 :

-9

-10

-11

168
 -12

169


/ . .1

/ . .2

/ . .3

/ . .4

/ . .5

/ . .6

/ . .7

170


171
 .1
- : -

.1999

- :

.1977

- :

2003 .510

- : .1995

- :

.2001

- :

.1995

- :

2000 .191

- :

.2001

- : .1982

- : .

.1995

172
 - :

.1980

- :

.1998

- : -

.1998

- : -

.1998

- :

.1966

- :

.2001

- : .1998

- : .1978

- :

.1984

- : 1978

.222

173
 - : -

.1986

- :

.1986

- :

.1983

- :

.1987

- : - -

.1997

- : 1997 .34

- :

.1996

- :

.1976

174
 .2
- :

.2001

- :

.2001

- : 2001

- 2002

- :

) (1 24 .40

- :

.1996

- :

.1971

.2004

175
 - :

.1994

- :

842 .2004

- : 2004 . 2004

- :

.1978

- : )(1

1996

- :

1996

- :

81 . 1990

- .2001

- :

27 11 1989 .49

176
 - :

73 .1995

- :

.1970

- :

2000 .5

- :

) www.pnic.gov.ps (.

- : 2

9 .2002

- : 1960

) 1979 (.

- )( :

2001 ) 7(.

- :

) 2002 (.

- : 1998 1994

210

2000 .9

177
 .3
- Carool Phill, How to control production costs, New York, 1995.

- J. W. Kandrik, Understanding Productivity, Introduction to

Dynamics of Productivity Change, Jhon Hopkins University
Press. 1971.

- Methods of Labor Productivity, Studies and Reports, New Series,

Geneva, 1951.

- Migdad Muhammed Ibrahim, Performance Analysis of Small-

Scale Industries, University of Bradford, 1999.

- OEEC: Productivity measurement Concept, Vol 1, Paris, 1955, p

23.

178