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  • Magnetic Fundamentals, Permeability

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    Mohamed Ibrahim
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    Permeability is a measure of a material's ability to support a magnetic field within itself. It is represented by the Greek letter μ and is defined as the ratio of the flux density (B) to the magnetic field intensity (H). Permeability has units of webers per ampere-turn-meter. For most non-magnetic materials, permeability is linear, but for strongly magnetic materials like iron, permeability is non-linear and varies with changes in the magnetic field intensity. The permeability of a material is the product of the relative permeability and the permeability of a vacuum.

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    Permeability is a measure of a material's ability to support a magnetic field within itself. It is represented by the Greek letter μ and is defined as the ratio of the flux density (B) to the magnetic field intensity (H). Permeability has units of webers per ampere-turn-meter. For most non-magnetic materials, permeability is linear, but for strongly magnetic materials like iron, permeability is non-linear and varies with changes in the magnetic field intensity. The permeability of a material is the product of the relative permeability and the permeability of a vacuum.

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    6 views4 pages

    Magnetic Fundamentals, Permeability

    Uploaded by

    Mohamed Ibrahim
    Permeability is a measure of a material's ability to support a magnetic field within itself. It is represented by the Greek letter μ and is defined as the ratio of the flux density (B) to the magnetic field intensity (H). Permeability has units of webers per ampere-turn-meter. For most non-magnetic materials, permeability is linear, but for strongly magnetic materials like iron, permeability is non-linear and varies with changes in the magnetic field intensity. The permeability of a material is the product of the relative permeability and the permeability of a vacuum.

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    of 4

    6/15/2017 MagneticFundamentals,Permeability

    Experimentswithmagnetsandoursurroundings

    TwelveFundamentalsofMagnetism
    8.Permeability,[webersperampereturnmeter,
    Wb/(At*m)]
    a.Linksforthistopic

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeability_(electromagnetism)

    Permeability.pdf

    b.Whatisit?

    Thepermeabilityofamaterialisameasureofitsabilitytosupportamagneticfield
    withinitself.Itcanbethoughtofastheeffectivemultiplicationofanexternalmagnetic
    fieldbythealignmentofthemagneticdomainswithinthematerial.

    http://www.coolmagnetman.com/magfund08.htm 1/4
    6/15/2017 MagneticFundamentals,Permeability

    c.Itsunit

    Permeability,=B/H,theratioofthefluxdensitytothemagneticfieldintensity.Itis
    oftenseenasB=*H.(isthelowercaseGreeklettermu.)Itsunitsarewebersper
    ampereturnmeter(Wb/(At*m))ornewtonsperamperesquared(N/A2).Itcanbeseen
    astheslopeoftheBHcurveforatypeofmaterial.AsHvaries,theslopeofBusually
    variesnonlinearly.Thisiswhatcausessomedifficultyindesigningmagneticcircuits
    sinceBdoesnotvarylinearlywithHforstronglymagneticmaterials.However,for
    mostnonmagneticmaterials,itspermeabilityislinear.Seethediagramsbelow:

    http://www.coolmagnetman.com/magfund08.htm 2/4
    6/15/2017 MagneticFundamentals,Permeability

    Here,weseehowvariesfordifferenttypesofmaterials.
    fisthepermeabilityofferromagneticmaterial(stronglymagnetic,butsaturates,is
    nonlinear)
    (note,fshouldlookmorelikewhatweseebelow)
    pisthepermeabilityofparamagneticmaterial(slightlymagnetic,islinear)
    0isthepermeabilityofavacuum(nonmagnetic,islinear)
    disthepermeabilityofdiamagneticmaterial(slightlyantimagnetic,islinear)


    Here,weseehowbothfandBvarywithrespecttoHforaferromagneticmaterial,
    suchasiron.
    SinceB=*H,whenisnonlinear,Bwillalsobenonlinear.

    d.Howisitused?

    Thepermeabilityofamaterialistheproductofthematerial'srelativepermeabilitywith
    thepermeabilityofavacuum:=r*0

    i.ristherelativepermeabilityofthematerial,whichusuallyrangesfrom1(fora
    http://www.coolmagnetman.com/magfund08.htm 3/4
    6/15/2017 MagneticFundamentals,Permeability

    vacuum)to4,000foranelectricalsteel

    ii.Insomespecialcases,therelativepermeabilitycanrangefrom
    0forasuperconductivematerial,to
    0.9998foradiamagneticmaterial,to
    1,000,000forspecialferromagneticalloys

    ii.r~1formostmaterials,suchasavacuum,air,wood,plastic,skin,copper,
    aluminum,silver,gold,etc

    iii.rhasnounitssinceitisarelativeterm

    iv.0(munaught)=4*pi*107andisapproximatelyequalto1/800,000Wb/(At*m)

    e.Anexampleinavacuum

    Inavacuumwherer=1,so=r*0=4*pi*107,afieldintensityof796At/m
    (oftenroundedto800At/m)isneededtocreateafluxdensityof1mTwithinthe
    vacuum.Sincethepermeabilityofavacuumdoesnotchange,Bisalinearfunctionwith
    respecttoH.IfyoudoubleH,Bwilldouble.Soitwouldtakeabout800,000At/mto
    createafluxdensityof1Twithinthevacuum.

    SiteSearch

    http://www.coolmagnetman.com/magfund08.htm 4/4

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