TYPES OF HEAT OF REACTION EQUATIONS Heat of reactions is a general term that includes: ‘© heat of combustion heat of formation beat of decomposition heat of solution heat of an acid/base reaction wees In previous modules, we have examined the first three types of reactions. HEAT OF SOLUTION Some substances when placed in water form ions. This process can be either endothermic or exothermic depending upon the properties of the substance. EXAMPLE CALCULATION When KCIO,, is dissolved in water, the water decreases in temperature. When 1.25 g of KClOqp was dissolved in 61.0 mL of water, the temperature changed from 28.40°C to 26.60°C . Assuming that no energy was lost to the surroundings, calculate the molar heat of solution for KC1O qs. HEAT LOST = HEAT GAINED water KC10 gu > Key + C1043 v=61.0mL m=125g D snoq) = 1.00 g/mL molar mass = 138.55 g/mol 28.40°C 7, =26.60C © paoqy = 4.19 x 10? ki/g"C (Moy) (C0) (AT) a @® Fatsion) (61.0 g) (4.19 x 10° ki/g°C) (18°C) = _125¢ Fresicn) 138.55 g/mol Hoseson = 50.99327208 kJ/mol Loin Hyseion = 51.0 ki/mol The molar heat of solution of KCIO,, was 51.0 ki/mol. WAST: Hea of Solution Heat of AcidBase Reaction 2HEAT PRODUCED BY AN ACID/BASE REACTION ( Acid/Base reactions are exothermic - the heat energy produced is absorbed by the surroundings and the thermometer will show an increase in temperature. EXAMPLE CALCULATION ‘When phosphoric acid, H;POy,q Was neutralized using potassium hydroxide, KOH, the reaction produced potassium phosphate, water and heat energy. When 100.0 mL of 0.010 mOVL HPO, at an initial temperature of 22.3°C was added to 300.0 mL. of 0.010 moV/L KOH,.,at an initial temperature of 22.7°C, a reaction occurred and the final temperature was recorded as 24.8°C. Calculate the molar heat of neutralization for HPO jay. Step 1. Write the balanced equation. HyPO,ay + 3 KOH yy > KPOgg + 3H:Opy Step 2. Assume that the resulting dilute, aqueous solution has the same density and the same specific heat capacity as water. Step 3. Calculate qaic 224 Quase- THEM G seat = 4 sit + tase ¢ F wsr0ig = OM ssroKey) (€) (AT) = (100g) (4.19 x 10° ki/g°C) (2.5°C) = = 1.0475 KI xones) = CM xoniey) (6) (AT) (300.0 g) (4.19 x 10° ki/g°C) (2.1°C) 2.6397 kJ 1.0475 kJ) + (2.6397 ki) 3.6872 kI 4 rewrite Step 4. Calculate H yernaizaee FOF HPO xu 1.0.x 10° mol HPOgs 1.0 mol HxPOxei v it a a i —— | 3.08720 7 (0.010 mol/L) (0.100 L) 3687.20 = 1.0x 10? mol $3.7 108K ; | |The molar heat of neutralization for H;POggq) Was -3.7 x 10° KJ. } Prepared by: Darline Rising March 1998 IST: Heat of Solution Heat a *=t¢r