1

ekad 1% Kkunsokd
EkgkjkVkar jkensojk; ;knoakP;k dkGakr
egkuqHkkokauh vkiY;k iaFkkph vksG[k d:u nsrkuk
ejkBharp xzaFk jpuk dsyh- ;k iUFkakrhy dfo
vkf.k ys[kdkauk egkjkV o ejkBh Hkkkk ;k fok;ha
vR;ar vkLFkk gksrh] vkReh;rk gksrh] izse gksrsa-

EkwGps xqtZj izkUrakrhy vlwufg Lor%

p/kjakuk egkjkVkfok;ha foksk vfHkeku vlY;kpsa
fnlwu ;srsa- R;kaps gs mn~xkj igk] ^^dkuMknskk]
rsyax.knskk] u opkosa] egkjkVh; vlkosa]** vlk
vkiY;k vuq;k;kauk xzaFk-ys[kuklaca/kha R;kapk naMd
gksrk- p/kjkaps fk; ukxnsokpk;Z ;kauh
^^czfo|sl ekfk;k Lokehpk ifjok: ukxoSy dha]
Hk.kksuh gs dskok] laLr lw=c) izdj.k u djh
rwa** vlk vkiY;k fk;kauk minsk dsyk vkgs-

;k iaFkkrhy dohauh o xzaFkdkjkauh

ejkBharp mPpntkZph vyksV ok~e; fufeZrh dsyh-
egkjkV kkjnspas gas viwoZ nkyu m?kMs kkY;kiklwu
ejkBh Hkkksyk iqVh vkyh] frpsa lkSan;Z ok<yas-
 2

ejkBhps iMlkn R;kauh vklsrq-fgekpyki;ZUr

ikspfoys- R;akuh vkiY;k ijhusa egkjkV Hkkksph Qkj
pakxyh lsok dsyh- x|-i|kps vusdfo/k uequs]
o.kZu izdkjkaph fofo/krk] jlkGi.kk] vks?korh kSyh
vkk fokskkauh egkuqHkkokauh ejkBh Hkkkk ltfoyh-
brdsp uOgsa] rj egkjkV Hkkkspsa O;kdj.k vkf.k
dksk bR;kfn ok~e;fg fuekZ.k dsys- egkuqHkko
dfo vkf.k ys[kd ;kapsa ejkBhfok;hapsa gsa izse ikgwu
eu eksgwu tkrsa-

ek=]dkGkP;k vks?kakr ?kMr vlysY;k

;k Hkkksyk Kkunsoakuh varckZ mtGwu vf}rh;
izfrBk feGowu fnyh- ^^ekkk ejkBkfp cksyaw
dofrdsaA ijh ve`rkrasfg iStk ftadasA ,Slh v{kjsa
jfldsaA esGohuAA vkh izfrKk d:u R;kauh rh
rMhl usyh- R;kauh ejkBh Hkkkspsa v{kjk% lksusa
dsysa- ;keqGsap laLr Hkkkk dksfonkapk ejkBh
Hkkkslaca/khpk iwoZxzg lewG cnyyk- ;kfkok;
Kkunsokauh ejkBh Hkkksyk ,d Qkj osxGh izfrBk
izkIr d:u fnyh vkf.k R;kapsa gsa ejkBh Hkkksyk
Qkj eksBs ;ksxnku vkgsa-

- R;k dkGkar vkf.k gtkjks okkZiklwu oSfnd

 3

/kekZpsa j{k.k dj.kkjk fo|klai czk.k oxZ gksrk-

dks.krkfg /keZiaFk vlyk rjh rks osnkP;k vfo:)
vlsy rjp ekU;rk ikorks vkh fLFkrh gksrh-
^JqrsfjokFakZLe`frjUoxPNr~* gkp U;k; loZ ckcrhar
ykxw gksrk- ^^osnksf[kyks/keZewye~** Hkkjrh;kaph gh
thou-fuBk gtkjksa okkZiklwu pkyr vkysyh vlwu
rh v<G jkfgysyh vkgs- Hkkjrh; /keZ o roKku
;kapsa Lo:i lokZFkkZusa vkf.k iw.kkZFkkZusa fokn dj.kkjs
izLFkku=;&Eg.kts nkksifuknsa] czlw=sa] vkf.k Jh
Hkxor~ xhrk&;k Hkjr[k.Makr izek.kHkwr gksu
jkfgysysa vkgsa-

;keqGsa ,dknh O;f vxnh egkekuokP;k

;ksX;rsph vlwufg tj rh izLFkku=;kfok;ha dkagha
fyghr ulsy rj fo}Ttukauk rh vknj.kh; gksr
ukgh- izLFkku=;akrhy ,d xzaFk tks xhrk rksp
Kkunsokauh Hkk;klkBha&VhdslkBha&dka fuoMyk(
nqljk ,dknk xzaFk dka fuoMyk ukgh ;kpsa dkj.k
vkrak vkiY;k /;kuha ;sbZy- nqljsa vls dha] xhrkp
dka fuoMyh] czlw=sa dak ?ksryh ukghr\ ;kpsa [kjs
dkj.k vls dha] Hkxor~xhrk gk nSuafnu O;ogkjkar
vl.kk;k cgqtu lektkpk xzaFk vkgs- xhrk loZ
osnkapk vdZ vkgs ;keqGsap thoukpsa [kjs lkFkZd
dj.kkjk xzaFkjkt vkgs- k~djkpk;Z Eg.krkr]^^rfnna
 4

xhrkkkL=a leLr osnkFkZ lkjlaxzgHkwra nqfoZKs;kFkZe~A

rnFksZ foKkrs leLr iq:kkFkZ flf)% vr% rf}oj.ks
;Ru% f;rs e;kA** xhrk-kk~dj-miksn~?kkr-Hkk;-

vkpk;kZuh izkekf.kdi.ksa vkf.k uezrkiwoZd oLrq-

fLFkrh fuosnu dsyh vkgs dha] xhrk nqfoZKs;kFkZ
vkgs- ^^vr% rr~ fooj.ks e;k ;Ru% f;rs A**
Eg.kwu R;kP;k fooj.kklkBha ek;kdMwu iz;Ru
dsyk tkr vkgs- vlk deZf.k iz;ksx R;kauh ;ksftyk
vkgs- czlw= Hkk;kar ^o;a czwe%* vkh xtZuk
dj.kk;k vkpk;akZph xhrkHkk;karhy vxfrdrsph
Hkkkk xhrsph egkurkp nkZfors- ew[kZ usgeh Bkei.ks
lkaxrks ek= izcq) tckcnkjhusa] tiwu cksyrks-
nqfoZKs;kFkZrk gh xhrslaca/kha oLrqfLFkrhp vkgs( i.k
vkpk;akZph rh uezrk R;kaP;k mkqax Kkukpk lgt
ifj.kke Eg.kwu ekukoh ykxsy- ;k lanHkkZr okeu
iafMrkaph ^;FkkFkZ nhfidk* igk- LiV cksy.;kph
t:jh ukgha- dks.kkykfg frP;klaca/kha eukseu
tk.kosy-

Kkunso Eg.krkr] ,goh eh ew[kZ vkgs]

rjhfg xhrkFkZ dj.;kpsa /kkMl djrkas vkgas] gsa
vkdkkkyk xol.kh ?kky.;klkj[ks vkgs-
xhrkFkkZlaca/kha oLrqfLFkrh v{kjk% vkhp vkgs-
 5

vkpk;Z vFkok Kkunso ;kar dkMhbrdhfg

vfrk;ksf djhr ukghr( ;kcjkscj gsfg [kjs vkgs
dha] gh xksV rs nks?ks eqeukusa o fu%ladksp izdV
djrkr ;ko:u izrhr gks.kkjh R;kaP;k Kkukph
xxuk,o<h maph vkf.k lkxjk,o<h [kksyh vkEgka
ikejkauk dkh dGkoh\ R;kapk xkSjo djrkuk R;kaph
fuank rj gks.kkj ukgh uk! vkhp Hkhfr okVrs-

;klk gsa ,d mnkgj.k igk] ^^l[k;k

rqksfu msksaA HksVko;k tho mYglsA dh fl)fp
HksVh foldqlsA ,sfl;k fcgsAA ;klkBha] ekSukph v{kjsa
HkyhA jpksfu xksBh dsyh esfG;sphAA**

vkpk;Z vFkok Kkunso ;kaP;klaca/kha dakgha

cksy.ksa Qkj Qkj vo?kM vkgs- R;kaP;k
ok~e;ksn/khar vkdaB cqMkos ;klkj[kk nqljk mik;
ukgh-

vkrak jkfgyk izu Hkkkspk- ejkBh Hkkkk

gh /keZ o roKku ;kaP;k vFkkZph okgd gksa
kdrs dka\ /keZ-roKkukpk xgu-xaHkhj vkk;
ejkBhyk isyosy dka\ [kjsp ,dsdkGha gh Qkj
vo?kM leL;k gksrh- Eg.kwu rj iwoZlwjh
 6

yksdHkkksarwu osnkFkZ fokn dj.;kyk dpjr gksrs-

cjkscjp vkgs rsa! gsa ,-;kxckG;kpsa dkep uOgrsa

ek=] egkjkVakr vlk peRdkj ?kMyk-

osnkFkZ fokn dj.kkjk xzaFk ejkBh Hkkksar fuekZ.k
kkyk- ;kpsa dkj.k Kkunsokaph vlkekU; vkf.k
eguh; ;ksX;rk! EkjkBh Hkkkspsa us=nhid lkeF;Z
Kkunsokauh izdV dsysa] gk ,d vR;n~Hkwr peRdkjp
?kMyk- vkiY;k vFkZokgd izHkkokusa] xakfHk;kZusa]
HkkksP;k lkSan;kZusa] izlknkusa] vyadkj miekfn
Hkwk.kkusa] ykfyR;kusa] kkyhursusa vkf.k dkO;e;rsusa
Kkunsokaph fLuX/k-e/kqj ok.kh th ,dne izdV
kkyh vkf.k brdh foy{k.k izfrBk ikoyh dha]
fo|klai oxkZph efrp daqfBr kkyh] R;kapsa us=
fniysa vkf.k frpk xq.kxkSjo dj.;klkBha
HkY;kHkY;kapsa kCn-HkkaMkjfg viqjs iMaw ykxysa- ;k
egkjkV Hkw-eaMGkar fookfe=kykfg yktohy vkh
uwru l`fV fuekZ.k kkyh- ^b;sa ejkBhfp;sa uxjha*
czfo|spk lqdkG kkyk vkf.k ;kcjkscjp ejkBhusa
dhrhZpk xkSjhkadj xkByk-

fookP;k ok~e;kar Kkusojhlkj[kk loakZxlaqnj

xzaFk kkykp ukgh-
 7

Kkunsokapsa gsa _.k ejkBh Hkkfkdakuk d/khfg

QsMrk ;s.kkj ukgh- R;kaps ,o<s vuar vkf.k
fpjdkyhu midkj vkgsr dha] R;kaP;k ;k
_.kklkBha gk mHkk egkjkV R;kapk ikbd gksu
jkghy vkf.k R;kaP;k eksps-ogk.kk lnSo mjha-fkjha
/kjsy- rsa _.kksk okpk b;kA u QsMosfp ejksfu;kA
rsa ik;k iMksuh fe;k A lksMfo;ysa AA

vkrka egkjkV fnunfkZdsae/;sa eh 714 gk

Kkunsokd dka ekuyk rs lkaxrks-

rsFk egskkUo; laHkwrsA Jh fuo`fkukFk lqrsaA

-dsysa Kkunsosa xhrsA nskhdkj ys.ksaAA

xhrsoj Kkunsokauh gk egkjkV Hkkkspk vyadkj

?kkryk vkgs- yksd Eg.krkr] Kkunsokauh xhrsoj
Hkk; dsysa vkgsa] Vhdk dsyh vkgs- eyk ukgha rlas
okVr- ek;k ersa Kkunso gs mitr dfo-izrhpas-
R;kapk fiaMp eqGh rlk- rs dkO;p cksyk;psa]
dkO;p txk;psa vls R;kapsa pfj=- R;kauk
yksd dY;k.kklkBha vkf.k izkphu ijaijsP;k
j{k.kklkBha xhrsoj cksy.ksa vko;d okVyas-
fdacgquk R;klkBhap R;kapk vorkj gksrk- R;kapsa rsa
 8

thou-dk;Z gksrsa- vkrka gsa /;kuha ?;k dha] T;kP;k

thoukar dkO; dkBksdkB Hkjysa vkgsa rks nql;k
osxG;k i)rhusa dls dk; cksy.kkj\

;keqGsap] R;k osGha] Kkunso xhrsoj tas

cksyyas R;kyk dkO; xk;ukpsap Lo:Ik izkIr kkysa-
uOgsa] rs mUeqi.ksa xkrp jkfgys vls EgVY;kl rsa
pwd B:a u;as- R;kapk msk ,dp]

dkBksdkB Hk:a |k isyk] Qsl HkjkHkj mlGwa |k

izkku dfjrak jax txkps] {k.kks{k.kha rs cnywa |k

xhrkFksZfl foo Hk:aA-vkuankps vkok:a ekaMaw txkAA

;sFks iwokZ/kZ iw.kZ kkyk-

 9

Kkunsokd % mkjk/kZ
KkunsokaP;k O;fRoakrhy dfo] roKkuh vkf.k
vkRekuqHkoh gs rhufg iSyw xhrasojhy foospukP;k
vks?kakr t.kwa ,desdkoj ekr djrkr vls tk.koras-
;keqGsa dfo Kkunso JsB vkgsr dka roKkuh
vFkok vkRekuqHkoh Kkunso JsB vkgsr] gk fu.kZ;
dj.ks [kjks[kj vo?kM vkgs- loakZxakuh gs O;feRo
brds ,dla/k vkgs dha] rha loZp vaxsa ,dleku
mPp dksVhph vkgsar- R;kar rj-re Hkko djrkp
;sr ukgh- letk cQhZlkj[kk inkFkZ vkgs]
frP;akrhy otu] vkdkj o xksMh rqEgakl osxosxGh
d:u nk[kfork ;srhy dk;\ dfo] roKkuh]
vkRekuqHkoh bR;kfg vusdfo/k vaxkauh le`)
vl.kkjas gas vuqie O;fao vkgsa- ;kp rksMhpsa i.k
O;kogkfjd Hkwfedsoj vlysysa fkojk;kapsa O;fo-
 10

gha nksUgha O;fosa vuqie vkgsr] vf}rh; vkgsr]

vkf.k yksdfoy{k.k vkgsr-

egkjkVakr ,dkis{kkafg ,d vls fdrhrjh

JsB iq:k gksu xsys vkgsr- i.k Kkunso vkf.k
fkojk; ;kapsa ;k vksykaMwu v|ki dks.khfg xsys
ukgh- vkf.k ;kiq<sfg gh xksV ?kM.;kph kD;rk
vkD; dksVharhy vkgs- ;k egkjkVokfl;kauh
tUeksTkUeha cgq iq.; dsysza vlysa ikfgts vkf.k
;keqGsap dha dk;] ;k egkjkVkyk gha egku~ ujjRusa
ykHkyha- gsa egkjkVkpsa HkkX; [kjks[kj gsok
okV.;klkj[ks vkgas-

vkk izdkjsa ;k vuU;lk/kkj.k O;fokauk dsoG

iq:kJsB Eg.kkos] rjh viw.kZ oO;kpk nksk injha
;srks vkf.k R;kauk jke-.kklkj[ks vorkjh iq:k
Eg.kkosa] rj gsa rjh fdrir ;ksX; gksbZy] ghfg
kadk jgkrsp- eksBs tfVy xf.kr vkgs gsa! vxnh
rqt] lxq.k Eg.kks dha] fuxqZ.k js! vkk- lkj[ks- ek=
;kp HktukP;k vFkkZusa gk isp funku ek;kckcr
eh lksMfoyk vkgs-

rqt lxq.k Eg.kks dha fuxqZ.k js

 11

rdZkkL= fopkjrsa] bZojkyk rqEgha dks.kR;k dksVhar

?kky.kkj\

Jqfr Eg.krs] dks.kR;kp dksVhar ?kky.kkj ukgh-

usfr usfr-

Hk Eg.krkr] nksUgha dksVhar ?kkywa

Lkxq.k fuxqZ.k ,d xksfoanq jsA

Kkunso Eg.krkr] dksVhp ukghr vkf.k bZoj vkgs-

Eg.kwu rdkZpsa dkep ukgha-

Ckki j[kqeknsoho: foyq jsA

Ekh ;kp rokyk vuqljyks vkgs- Kkunso vkf.k

fkojk; ;k egkjkVkP;k ekrhar] ;sFkY;k Mksaxj
ioZrakr] ;sFkhy oujkbZr] b;sa nskhaP;k tu-thoukar
Ik;kZ;kus txTthoukar v[kaM vkgsr- Eg.kwu rj
vkt ?kMhykfg ejkBh Hkkkk m.ks Kkusojh
- 0 Eg.kts dkaghap fkYyd jgkr ukgh- vkf.k
egkjkV m.ks fkojk; 0- vkh fLFkrh vkgs-
 12

kds ckjkkrsa ckjkskjsaA rSa Vhdk dsyh KkunsosaAA

gsa egkjkVkP;k thoukarhy viwoZ ;ksx vlysysa
lqo.kZ-laoRlj vkgsa- ;k le;ha ;k egkdkUrakjke?;sa
Kkunsohpk vkfoHkkZo kkyk-

;kosGha ,d ;qxifjorZup kkysa-

vkkizdkjs Kkunso egkjkVkps ;qxiq:k vlY;kps
izR;;kl ;srs- ;kp Vhusa R;kauk kddrkZ
Eg.kko;kl dks.krk izR;ok; vkgs\

Kkunsokaph vVkSizgj Le`fr jgkoh Eg.kwu vkeP;k

^egkjkV iapkax fnunfkZdsar* vkEgh kkfyokgu
kd 12-12 gk Kkunso kdkpk izkjaHkdky
Eg.kwu Lohdkjyk vkgs- fkoLej.kklkBha
^^fkojkT;kfHkksd fnu** ;k lkj[kk lq;ksx vU;
dks.krkfg B:a kdr ukgh- dkj.k rks fkokdkpk
izkjaHkdky vkgs- ;k nksu ujkskekaP;k dk;akZpsa ;ksX;
ewY;ekiu gks.;klkBha ;klkj[ks lq;ksX; izlax nqljsa
dks.krsp fnlr ukghr-

vkrak Kkunsoklaca/kha brdsp Eg.krak

;sbZy dha] Kkunsoh gsa Kkunsokapsa Lor%fl) Lo:Ik
vkgs- KkunsohP;k 9 gtkj vksO;kar Kkunso iw.kZr%
lkekoys vkgsr- rsFksp R;kapsa [kjs nkZu gksbZy-
 13

KkunsokaP;k thouklaca/kha] izR;{k leksj

vlysyh Kkunsoh] gsa p{kqoSZlR;a izR;{k izek.k vkgs-
ckdhP;k brj izkek.;akpk dkF;k dqV.;akr
dkMhbrdkfg yH;akk ukgh- dkj.k KkunsoakP;k
thouakrhy ,dfg ?kVuk ,sfrgkfldV;k
v|kiikosrksa fl) >kysyh ukgha vkf.k ;kiq<sfg
gks.ks lqrjke kD; ukgh]

vkk fLFkrhar fujFkZd HkksGkHkko

dkklkBha gok\ rks dkagha miyC/kh d:u nsbZy gh
vkkk O;FkZ vkgs-

LkeFkZ Eg.krkr]

Eg.kksuh ftrqdk HkksGk HkkoA frrqdk vKkukpk

BkoA vKkusa rjh nsokf/knsoA ikfotsy dSlkAA

kkfyokgu kd 1212 iklwuKkunso

KkunsohP;k:iakr ?kjk?kjkar vkf.k izR;sdktoG
vkys( rs v|kifg rlsp vkgsr- Kkunsoh rqeP;k
toG vlyh Eg.kts Kkunsofg vfr fudV
vlrkr] gsa lR; lw;Z-izdkkklkj[ks LiV vkgsa-
Kkunso gksrs gk Hkze vkgs- rs lnSo vkgsr-
 14

vktferhl 713 oksZ iw.kZ gksu 714 os okZ pkywa

vkgsa rjhfg rs lnSo rlsp vkgsr-

^^ns[kk foosdh ts gksrhA rs nksghrsfg u ikgrhA tsa

gks; tk; gsa HkzakfrA Eg.kwfu;kAA rSls kjhjkP;k
yksiha A loZFkk ukkwa ukgh aLo:ihaA Eg.koquh raw gs
ukjksihA Hkzakfr ckikAA

;qxizorZd Kkunso egkjkVkpsa thou vkgsr Eg.kwu

Kkunsokd eh cqf)iqj%lj Lohdkjyk vkgs-
vktferhl Kkunsokd 714 vkgs vkf.k fkokd
330 vkgs-

egkjkV EgVys dha] fkoN=irhapsa Lej.k gksrs-;kp

U;k;kusa egkjkVkpsa varthZou Kkunsokauh ?kMfoyas
vkgsa( dkj.k Kkunso egk jkVkpsa fir`rhFkZ vkgsr-
dYiuk d:a dha] egkjkVakrwu KkusojhP;k lxG;k
izrh tIr kkY;k- egkjkVkP;k dqBY;kfg xkokar o
?kjakr ,dfg izr feGr ukgh- Kkusojh uqlrh
ikg.;klfg feGr ukgh] vkh fLFkrh kkyh rj
dk; gksbZy\

dk; gksbZy Eg.kwu dk; fopkjrk! vkEgh

xGk dk<wu jMr claw- ,dk|k ek;psa ,dkns ysd:a!
 15

R;kph ek; R;kyk lksMwu xsY;koj R;kph dk;

voLFkk gksbZy! vxnh rlsp vkeP;kfg ckcrhar
?kMsy-

Kkusojh vkeph vkbZ vkgs- egkjkVakrhy lqfkf{kr-

vfkf{kr] tk.krs-us.krs] lokZuk bpk yGk ykxyk
vkgs-

Kkusojh gsa veksfyd jRu vkEgakl izkIr kkysa

vkgs-a

veksfyd jRu tksMys js rqtA dak js cz cht

uksG[klhaA Kkunso Eg.ks vfoukk tksMysA vk.kwuh
Bsfoysa xq:-eq[khaAA

Kkunso Eg.krkr] vkReKku dk;epsa ek;k

gkrakr vkysa vkgsa vkf.k xq:-eq[kkusa ykHkysY;k
kCnkar eh rsa lkBowu Bsoysa vkgsa- rh lkBo.k
Eg.kts Kkunsoh] Kkusojh-

vkf.k rh izdV kkyh] R;k laoRljkiklwu eh

Kkunsokdkpk izkjaHkdky /kjyk vkgs-
 16

bfr ys[kulhek

ekxZkhkZ oAA f}fr;k kds 1925

fnuakd % 10@12@2003

Jh- Kkusoj nkHkkMs]

lizse ueLdkj-

Rkk:.;klkj[kh vqr~ oLRkaw txkar nqljha

dks.krhp ukgh- ;kfgis{kak foLe; vlk dha] rk:.;
gh ,deso lqla/kh vkgs] gs useds vksG[kwu vkiys
thou lqo.kkZizek.kas dkfUreku dj.;kl ts izo`k
gksrkr] R;kaP;krhy vkdkkxkeha O;fokph cht-
:ikusa fnlwu ;s.kkjh JsBrk Greatness fpkkyk
foy{k.k vkdkwZu ?ksrs-

Ekh vxnh [kjs lkaxrks dha] rqEgha rqepsa

^Kkusoj* gsa uako lkFkZ dsys vkgs- fdR;sd fnolkauh
vls ;qok O;fo ikg.;kar vkys-^^,slk iq:k rks
ikgkokA tukl okVs gk vlkokAA**vls eykp uOgsa]
rj dks.kkykfg okVsy-

ek;kis{kka rqEgha cjsp ygku vkgakr rjhfg

rqEgha egku vkgkar gsa dcwy dj.ksa Hkkx vkgs-
 17

,sfgd vkf.k ikjekfFkZd vkk mHk; {ks=kar yhy;k

lapkj dj.kk;k rqeP;k lO;lkph O;fokl]

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