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Standard Practice for t
INTRODTJCTION
The steady-state surface temperature (I,) under the sun is strongly correlaied to solar reflectivity
and thermal emissivily of tl.re surf'ace. For equivalent conditions, the I, of dark surfaces (with low solar
leflectance) is liigher than light-colored surfaces (with high solar reflect.ance): and sur{aces with low
thermal emissivity have higher 7,'s than surlaccs with high therrnal emissivity. The procedure
recommended in this standard w-ill al1ow a direct comparison of l, of surfaces under the sun. The
procedure defines a Solar Refleciance Index (SRI) that measures the relative { of a surl-ace rvith
respect to the standad white (SR.i = 100) and standard black (SRI =0) under the standard solar and
ambient condilions.
::rr-!ri O ASTId lniernaiic.al. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, Wesl Conshch@ken. PA 19428-2959, United States
{$p r 1e8o-01
3.1.10 solar spectntm-spect.ral distribution of typical ter- timce, that is. u grearer than 0.8 and e iess than 0.2). Eq 4
restrial suniight at air mass 1.5 as defined in Tables E 891. estimates SRI with an average error of 0.9 and maxintunt crror
3.1 .11 starulard .tolor antl ambient r:ontlitions- lor the of 2.
purpose of this cajculation, is defined as a solar flux of 1000
W.m-r, ambient air tentperature of 310 Kelvin (K), and sky 5. Significance and Use
temperature of 300 K. Tfuee convective coefficient of 5, 12, 30 5.1 Solar reflectance and thermal emittance are important
W.m-2.K-r, coresponding ro low- (0 to 2 ms-r), medium- (2 to factors affecting surlace and nearsurtace ambient air tempera-
6 ms-11, and high-wind (6 to i0 nts-r) conditions. respectively. ture. Surfaces with low solar reflectance, absorb a high liaction
3.1.72 steadl,-state surface tempe,-ature (I,)-is the tem- of the incon.ring solar energy. A tiaction of this absorbed energy
perature of the surlace, in K, under the standar-d solar and is conducted into ground and buildings, a l'raction is conr.,ected
ambient conditions. to air (leading to higher air temperatures), and a lraction is
3.1 .13 tltern*l emi.ysit,iU (ej-the ratio of radian{. flux radiated to the sky. For equivalent conditions. the lower the
emimed by a surface at a given temperatule to that emitted by emissivity of a surlace the higher its steady-state temperature .
a black body radiator at the same temperature. For this Surfaces tlith low emissir.ity cannot eff'ectively r-adiate to the
calculation. the thermal emissivity is for a temperature below sky and, therefore. get hot. Determination of solar reflectance
1,50.C. and thermal emjttance. and subsequent calculation of the
reiative temperature of the surlaces rvith respect to black and
4. Summary of Practice u,hite reference temperature (defined as Soiar Relleclance
4.1 For a surlace exposed to the sun. ivhen the conduction Index, SRI), may help designers and consumers to choose the
into the maierial is zero, the steady-state surJ-ace tcmperaturc is proper materials to make their buildings and communities
obtained by: energy eficient. The method described here gives the SRI of
surfaces based on measured solar reflectances and thermal
o.I:etr(?.4*Lo.'') + h.{T,-T',,) (l) ernissivities of the surfaces.
r,vherc:
6, Procedure
ry = soiar absorptance = 1 - solar reflectance.
| = solar flux. \Y.m r, 6.1 Given the solar rel'lectance and thermal emissivity of a
= rhermal emissivity. test surface, calculate the SRI lor three convective coefflcients
tr = Stefan Bollzmann constant" 5.66961 x 10-s of 5. 12,30 W.m-2.K-1, correspondin-9 to low-. mediurn-. and
w.m-r.K+, high-wind conditions. respectively. The {bllorving alternate
I" = steady-state surface temperature" K, approaches can be used to calculaie SRI:
L.. = skY temPerature, K. 6.1.1 Approar:/z 1-Caiculate the steady-state surface tem-
h, convective coefficient. W.m -2.K-1. and
= peratures for the test surface and black and rvhite reference
T ,, =
air temperature, K" surfaces. Either Eq I (rvith iterarive approach) or Eq 2 cur be
4.2 Gir,en the solal reflectivity and thermal emissivity of a used. Calculate the SRI fi'orn Eq 3.
surlace. and the convective coefficient, Eq 1 needs to be solved 6.1.2 Appxtuclt II- Calculafe SRI from Eq 4.
iteratively for surface iemperature. Altematively, one car use
the follorving equation to obtain the surface temperature: 7. Report
(!9 ii'98'' 7.1 The report shall include the fbllowing:
/, ,ue.o7
ll+o -laJxel/r,
97"- rl) 7.1.1 The solar reflectance and the ihernral ernittance of the
test surface.
+ 2153.860)
_ {890.940r 7 .1.2 Tbe calculated SRI for three conve ctivc coefficients of
(6.78e + 17,1'
5. 12, 30 W.m-2.K-1, correspondin-r to lorv-. meciiurn-. and
Surlace ternperatule estimated by Eq 2 is accurate rvithin 1 high-wind conditions. respectively.
K.
4.3 In this practice. Solar Reflectance Index is defined as: 8. Precision and Bias
- {cr 0.029e)(8.797 + h,) 'Akbari. H.. Il. Levilsori. and P- Ber<iahl. "ASTivl Standards 1.or lvleasuring
x=--lS2GIrI. (5)
Solar Rellectance and lnliared Enrinance of Construcrion Materials and Comparing
For n
greater than 0.1, and excluding collector surfaces
- tlrcir Steadv-State Surface Tentperatures." Proceedings oJ ihe ACEEE ]996 Sunncr
.\rutlt ott Encrgr Elficitnct itr liuiltli*gs, Vd. 1. p. I. Paciilc Grove. CA. August
(surface with hi_sh solal absorptance and iorv themral emit- I 996.
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