CIP

/ .
2006.11

ISBN 7-301-11259-9

. . . . B016.9

CIP 2006 133037

ISBN 7-301-11259-9 /B0388

205 100871
http/ /www. pup. cn pkuwsz@yahoo. com. cn
62752015 62750672 62754962
62752025


650mm 980mm 16 15 200
2006 11 1 2006 11 1
25.00

010-62752024 fd@pup. pku. edu. cn



1990 .4 .102006 .10 .22


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Philosophy of Science


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80 1

1 A Brief History of Time

1988

process philosophymani-
fold philosophy
 3

1 9 10
J. T. Fraser

4












19
20


20

1992
2500

1996 8


genetics

archetypal experience

1
1986 7
2
1963 242
 / 3

archeology

If man was deadthere will be no time

1




2

1 1979 507
2
3
1988 278
 / 5

save the
phenomena

1
276
6

1 PlatoTheaetetus 174 A.
 / 7

 / 9

1
3 . 18
10

722
 / 11

1911

me

12

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4241 365

1
1985 2324

2
1995
8
 / 13

2000
120 1
1461 1
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 / 17

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 / 19

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1982 2
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 / 21

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2002 39
22

1
1981 279
 / 23

1
133
1994
474475
24

1 FraserThe Voice of TimeintroductionThe University of Massachusetts Press1981 .

 / 25

26

manifold










1

1
1983 319
 / 27

Dasein
Da

28

 / 29

1
1982 98


 / 31

32

duration

1

1980 1984 208
209
 / 33

1
1974 19
34

1













85

1
1991 133
 / 35

36

 / 37

38

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1993 362
 / 39

40

25

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1980 49
 / 41

42

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 / 43

1.
2.
3.
4.

5. 1
6.

1
1990 176
44

 / 45

1

1991 11 349364
46

1

1986 96108
 / 47

schronos

chaosGaia

Cronus

aion

 / 49

1
1986 22
50

1










2

1
1995 800
2

1990 5
 / 51

1 S. Toulmin & J. GoodfieldThe Discovery of TimeHutchinson of London1965p . 25 .

2
29
52

29 30 29 6 6
354 365 . 25

369 432
19 235
19 7








776







499
100
Callipus370 - 300B. C. 76 200
190125B. C. 302
 / 53

1

arche

1 Mircea Eliade
Cosmos and Historythe myth of the eternal returnHarper & Brothers 1959 .

the regeneration of time

54

kalpa 43 2

1 DK12B1
1988 187
2 DK31B17
805
 / 55

1




2

3

Eudemus

1
18
256
2
8 36

257258
3
1988 154
56

1

4


76



2

12 2
32 3

3
great year
10800 18000 100

1
73230 Richard SorabjiTime Creation and the
ContinuumCornell University Press1983p. 183 .
2 1961
26
3 18
4
516
 / 57

30 12 30 10800
10800

1
2

1 39D
2 22B23C
3 246A249C
4 269B274E
58

1




2













3

1 352A30 1999
74
2

17
916A1839
3 S. SamburskyThe Physical World of the GreeksMacmillan1956p . 199 .
 / 59

1
1982 7
60

1









91

6




D30

metros

logos
1

1
24
 / 61

cosmos

37

1
1982 104
62

1 8 52
2

218A30218B1
 / 63

8
Block Universe

1
1993
64

1 28A CornfordPlatos Cosmology1937

 / 65

Demiurgos
maker or craftsman1

1 receptacle

1994
66

1 37C38A
 / 67

Chorareceptacle

orbium coelestium

completeness

1
1994 129 1
Traduttore--Traditore

Etudes dhistoire de la pensee scientifiqueParisGallimard1973
68

1014













1

1 218A 1982
 / 69

1 26
70

1
2

1 219B30
2 220A1
3 221B4
 / 71

1 222B2025
2 222A23
3
1987 33
72

1
prime mover

1 8 1


topos

74

1



2

1

1988 207
2 210
 / 75

325
Nicaea
Eusebius

753 a . u .
c . = ab urbe condita 525 Dionysius Exiguus

1
1986 5556

76

a . u . c . 754
1

2











3

Time and Measurementin Dictionary of the History of Ideasvol . 4ed . by

1 G. J. Whitrow
P. P. WienerCharles Scribners Sons1973 .
2 R. SorabjiTimeCreation and the Continuump . 188 .
3
231232
 / 77

Ploti-
nus

crucifixion

410

2

16

78

1


2
15

3






4

1 Mircea EliadeThe Myth of Eternal ReturnNew York1954p . 132 - 135 .

2
819
3



4
819820
 / 79

Origenes
185 - 254

1


1984 223
2
1963 239
80

1







2


3

1

2

3

 / 81

1

2

3

82

1














2

1

2

 / 83

Modern

Modern 16
17
ModernityModernization

 / 85

key-machine
86

1





T
12











8
V X

1 Lewis MumfordTechnics and CivilizationHarcourtBrace and Company

1934p. 14 .
 / 87

astronomi-
cal clock

1
1992 26
2
27
88

78139



725

28



29
365





1

1
21
207
 / 89

979

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clock

90

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1

17
15 10


17

1
1988 11
 / 91

24
360 15

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92

1



















21

1
1982 68

 / 93

1550
1760

1
106
94

1



linear view 17



2



16
17









1680

1

1988 327
2 Mircea EliadeCosmos and Historythe myth of the eternal returnp. 144 .
 / 95

1675 12

18
19

1
1982
2
7677
96

1






2

1
130
2
1984 15
 / 97

98

1


20










2

1
341

1986 78
Literary Images of Progressthe Fate of an Ideain The Study of Timevol . 5
2 S. L. Macey
ed . by J. T. Fraser .
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1
330331
100

tyranny






1

1 RifkinJ. Time Warsthe primary conflict in human historyNew YorkHenry Holt

1987p . 12 .
 / 101

punctuality

102

1
promptness

1 Samuel IjsselingTime and Space in Technological Society.

 / 103

kill time

1617

nature
 / 105

natural place

ignorato motuignoratur natura

1

2
3
106

4
1 1
1

1 Galileo GalileiDialogues Concerning Two New Sciencein Great Books of the Western World
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 / 107

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1 JonesR. S. Physics as MetaphorLondonAbacus1983p . 79 .

108

1






Nicolas Bonet

2

actual or potentialconcrete or abstract

1 P. DuhemMedieval Cosmologytheories of infinityplacetimevoidand the plurality

of worldsed . & tran. by Roger AriewThe University of Chicago Press1985p. 295 .
2 P. DuhemLe systeme du mondeHermannParis1956vol . 7p . 439 Capek
ed . The Concepts of Space and TimeD. Reidel Publishing Company 1976p . 185 .
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1 TelesioDe rerum natura I29 Capeked. The Concepts of Space and Timepp. 187
- 188 .
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extramundane

1 BrunoCamoeracensis AcrotismusArt . 38 - 40 . Capekop . cit . p. 190 .

 / 111

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1 I . BarrowLectiones geometricae Capeked. The Concepts of Space and Timep.

204 .
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2
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 / 113

1 A. Grun-
baumPhilosophical Problems of Space and Time1974D. Reidel Publishing Companypp. 418 - 424 .

1991
2 1979 507
114

- t + t











 / 115

20

1
Philosophical Essays on Probabilities
116

1

















2

1 1979 369
2 1978 85
 / 117

C AB
A B C
C A B
C AB
A C B C AC = BC
AC BC

118

AC BC





1











10 1

1
1961 33
 / 119

space-time

manifold
block universe

dynami-
calization of space

1 LorentzEinsteinand MinkowskiThe Principle of RelativityLondon1923pp . 75

80 .
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1949
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20

1 K. GdelStatic Interpretation of Space-Time P. A. Schilpp ed. Albert Einstein

Philosopher-ScientistEvanston
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extension

1
1958 22
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1 1975 81
2
1959 157
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1






2



3

1
158
2
171
3
171
 / 127

succession

1
150151
2
155
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idealism

1
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 / 129

what is the time

what is timethe time

time

generalization

1
97 1936 71
2
98 72
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1720
1734
20

 / 131

1 1983 34
132

1
1978 42
 / 133

duration
position

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omnipresent


















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7 12
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1 A. SchopenhauerThe World as Will and Idea transl . by R. B. Haldane and J. KempRout-

ledge and Kegan PaulLondonpp . 221 - 223 .
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19

5 + 7 = 12

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1976 169
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3 E. MeyersonIdentity and Realitytrans. by Kate LoewenbergAllen and UnwinLondon
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1 E. MeyersonIdentity and Realityp . 227 .

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1 E. MeyersonLa deduction relativistep. 102 . Capek ed. The Concepts of Space and
Timep . 355 .
2 Capek ed . The Concepts of Space and Timep . 359 .


deep time

indefinite

Eusebius

 / 143

Jerome
2242 942
1656 292
1

Julius Africanus

90

A thousand
years to you are like one day

5500 500 500

4000
2000

4 4 4
Ussher

1 S. ToulminThe Discovery of TimeHutchinson of London1965p . 60 .

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4004 10 22 8

1644












Protogaea 1749



 / 145

Thomas Burnet

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4000

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16 Verona



Nicolas Steno
1631 - 1687






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Posthumous
Worksp . 341

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Posthu-
mous Worksp . 4111

18

6000

17071788
44
1749
1778

74800

1

1985 422
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18




1 1812



19


1829
1759
1822
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1893
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1
38
 / 149

19

500
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150

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1



14



1859

1
1959 28
 / 151

1
1839

1
1982
433
152

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5






20



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33
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manifold
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19

154

19

18






19
















 / 155

1
1974 209
2 1983 13
156

1








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1824






19 50

1 1516
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1854

19

1874

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1 William ThomsonProceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburghvol . 8p . 3251874.

Holton 1982
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H H

1876 Loschmidt H
H H

1890

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1
2

1896 Ernst Zermelo
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1
AB A
B
B A A
B A B



2
1987
128
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H
H
H H

1906
162

20

1.



1917





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1929

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1945

40

1948

1965

1 1976 418
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 / 165

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2.

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1947


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attractor
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fractalBenoit Mandelbrot 1975

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18661925

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The Nature of Existence1927 33
A B
A B A
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A B

1. A B

determination

1 R. M. Galeed . The Philosophy of TimeNew JerseyHumanities Press1968p . 65 .

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A A series



B B series

A B




A B
B A

2. A
A A


B



A
 / 181

B B A

B
N O M
N B B
N

B B

A A
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A B
B A

B
B A

C A B
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A A
A

1 McTaggartTime R. M. Galeed . The Philosophy of TimeNew JerseyHuman-

ities Press1968p. 91 .
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B



N N




N V
N V

442
T
T
T T

A
A T



A


A


 / 183

A B
A B

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successively M

184

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M






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B




1

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A B


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B B-Theory Answer A

1 McTaggartTimein Galeed . The Philosophy of Timep . 97 .

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A A-Theory An-
swer A B
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A. Grunbaum
A B A
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A B

B
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C. D. BroadJ . Wisdom
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196

primordial association

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retention

A A

retentionprotention
pri-
mal impressionretentionproten-
tion
Zeithof

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recollection
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1962

Anwesen

1
1996 2
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Zeit
Zeitlichkeit
























 / 201

In-der-Welt-Sein
Being-in-the-world

202

Zeitigung




 / 203

1962

50

1
1097 390
204

18

206

1

2





1964 J . T. Fraser3
1966

International Society for the Study of Time 1969

1973 1976 1979 1983


4

1 Cultures and Time1976 Time and the Philosophy 1977

Time and the Science1979

2 J. J. C. Smart Problems of Space and Time 1964R. Gale The Philosophy of
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1. Atempo-

ral

2. Prototemporal

3. Eotemporal
4. Biotemporal
5. Nootemporal

6. Sociotemporal

1 Fraser of Time Passion and Knowledge 1975Time as Conflict

1978The Genesis and Evolution of Time1982Timethe Familiar Stranger1987.
208

-
Reductionism


1
2



3


1948

H. BondiT. GoldF. Hoyle

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2 Van FraassenIntroduction to the Philosophy of Space and Time1970
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50 H. A.

1 H. A. KozyrevOn the Possibility of Experimental Investigation of Timein Time in Science

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1.

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1985
2 1980
1986
1988
3
1982 3

1983 3
1987 3
 / 211

2.

t - t

3.

4.

212

1990 3


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