P.

GOPALA KRISHNA
P. GOPALA KRISHNA
ADE/400KV/APTRANSCO
ADE/400KV/APTRANSCO
 SINGLE BUS SYSTEM
T/F-1 T/F-2

BAY2 BAY5 MAIN BUSBAR

BAY1 BAY3 BAY4 BAY6

FEEDER1 FEEDER2 FEEDER3 FEEDER4

 SINGLE BUS SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Simple in Design 1. In case of bus fault or bus bar
2. Easy Maintenance isolator fault or maintenance
3. Less Expenditure Total Substation is out of
service.
4. Good Appearance
2. In case of maintenance of
transformer circuit breaker the
associated transformer has also
to be shut-down. Similarly for
Line also.
SINGLE BUS WITH CB SECTIONALISER SYSTEM

T/F-1 T/F-2

CB SECTIONALISER MAIN BUSBAR

BAY2 BAY5
BAY1 BAY3 BAY4 BAY6

FEEDER1 FEEDER2 FEEDER3 FEEDER4

SINGLE BUS WITH CB SECTIONALISER SYSTEM

In this, main bus is divided into two sections with a circuit breaker and
isolators in between the adjoining sections. One complete section can be
taken out for maintenance without disturbing the continuity of other section.
Even if a fault occurs on one section of the bus, that faulty section along will
be isolated while the other section continues to be in service.
 SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM
T/F-1 T/F-2

TRANSFER BUS

BUS-1 TRANSFER BUS COUPLER

BAY1 BAY2 BAY3 BAY4 BAY5 BAY6 BAY7

FEEDER1 FEEDER2 FEEDER3 FEEDER4

SINGLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM
With this arrangement, all the feeders are normally on the main bus. If at
any time, a line breaker maintenance is required, that particular feeder, can
be transferred on to the transfer bus. The feeder protection thus gets
transferred to trip bus couple breaker. On fault occurrence or maintenance,
entire bus becomes de-energised.
Salient features:-
Only one line at a time can be transferred on the transfer bus
For maintenance or on fault occurrence, total bus becomes dead.
 DOUBLE MAIN BUS SYSTEM
T/F-1 T/F-2

BAY1 BAY2 BAY3 BAY4 BAY5 BAY7 BAY8 BUS-1

BUS COUPLER
BUS-2

FEEDER1 FEEDER2 FEEDER3 FEEDER4

 DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM
Salient features:-
This has got flexibility of transferring any line to any of the buses.
For maintenance or on fault occurrence only one bus becomes dead while
the other bus remains in service.
For maintenance of a breaker, that particular line has to be taken out of
service. To overcome this, an additional bypass isolator is provided as
indicated in figure below.
 DOUBLE MAIN BUS & CB BYPASS ISO SYSTEM
T/F-1 T/F-2

BAY1 BAY2 BAY4 BAY6 BAY7

BUS-1

BUS-2 BAY3 BUS COUPLER BAY5

WHEN ANY CB PROBLEM OR FOR

PREVENTIVE MAINTANENCE THEN ALL
OTHER FEEDERS SHIFTED TO
ANOTHER BUS OF FAULTED CB BUS
AND CLOSE THE BYPASS ISOLATOR,
THEN PROTECTION IS SHIFTED TO BUS
COUPLER AND OPEN THE FAULTY CB.
FEEDER1 FEEDER2 FEEDER3 FEEDER4
DOUBLE MAIN BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM

T/F-1 T/F-2

BUS-1

BUS COUPLER
BUS-2

TRANSFER BUS
COUPLER
BAY3 BAY4 BAY5
BAY1 BAY2 TRANSFER BUS BAY6 BAY7 BAY8

FEEDER1 FEEDER2 FEEDER3 FEEDER4

DOUBLE MAIN BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM
This is combination of main and transfer bus and double bus arrangement.
Salient features:-
This has got flexibility of transferring any line to any of the main buses.
For maintenance or any fault occurrence, only one bus becomes dead while
other bus continues to be in service.
Any line breaker can be taken out for maintenance by transferring it to
transfer bus, transferring its protection to transfer bus coupler breaker.
DOUBLE BUS WITH SECTIONALISER SYSTEM
T/F-1 T/F-2

BAY4
BAY1 BAY2 BAY3 BAY6 BAY7 BAY8 BUS-1

BUS COUPLER
BUS COUPLER

BUS
SECTIONALISER

BUS-2
BAY5

This is an improvement over the double bus

FEEDER1 FEEDER2
bar arrangement. For maintenance or an
occurrence of a fault, only one section of the
faulty bus only becomes dead while the rest
continues to be in service.
ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM
(I-CONFIGUARATION)
FEEDER1 FEEDER3 FEEDER5 FEEDER7 FEEDER9 FEEDER11

BUS-1 DIA1 DIA2 DIA3 DIA4 DIA5 DIA6

BAY10

BAY13

BAY16
BAY4

BAY7
BAY1

BAY11

BAY14

BAY17
BAY8
BAY2

BAY5

BAY12

BAY18
BAY15
BAY9
BAY3

BAY6

BUS-2

FEEDER2 FEEDER4 FEEDER6 FEEDER8 FEEDER10 FEEDER12

ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM
(D-CONFIGUARATION)
FEEDER1 FEEDER2 FEEDER5 FEEDER6 FEEDER9 FEEDER10

BAY2 BAY8 BAY14

BAY15
BAY13
BAY3

BAY9
BAY1

BAY7
DIA1 DIA3 DIA5

BUS-1

BUS-2

BAY18
BAY10

BAY12
BAY6

BAY16
BAY4

DIA2 DIA4 DIA6

BAY5 BAY11 BAY17

FEEDER3 FEEDER4 FEEDER7 FEEDER8 FEEDER11 FEEDER12

ONE AND HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM
Salient features:-
It has 3 breakers for two circuits.
No changeover of line from one bus to the other is required.
For breaker maintenance of any line, the load gets transferred to the other
bus.
For maintenance or an occurrence of a bus fault, all the interconnections will
be on healthy bus.
Even if both buses become dead, lines can still be in service through the
tiebreaker.
This has got many such advantages to maintain the system stability.
DOUBLE BUS & DOUBLE BREAKER SYSTEM
FEEDER1 FEEDER3 FEEDER1 FEEDER3

BUS-1

BAY2

BAY6
BAY1

BAY5
BAY7
BAY1

BAY3

BAY5

BUS-1
BUS-2
BAY4

BAY6

BAY8
BAY2

BAY4

BAY8
BAY3

BAY7
BUS-2

FEEDER2 FEEDER4 FEEDER2 FEEDER4

FOR ECONOMICAL& RELIABULITY PURPOSE THIS SYSTEM ADOPTED IN 800KV SYSTEM
FEEDER 8 FEEDER 1 FEEDER 2

1-52 CB 2-52 CB

8-52 CB 3-52 CB

FEEDER 7
MESH / RING FEEDER 3
LAYOUT
7-52 CB 4-52 CB

6-52 CB 5-52 CB

FEEDER 6 FEEDER 5 FEEDER 4

 400KV C.T. INFORMATION
P1 P2
PRIMARY CONNECTIONS : P1 P2
CURRENT RATING : 2000 AMPS
SECONDARY CONNECTIONS P1 P2
CORES CLASS PURPOSE CURRENT RATING : 1A
2000/ 1A 1000/ 1A 500/ 1A
BUSBAR 1S1 1S2 __ 5S1
CORE-1 PS 1S1 1S3

U
3
1S1
3
5S2
PROTECTION 1S2 1S3 1S2
1S3
5S3
5S4

3
4S1
BUSBAR

U
2S1 3
4S2
2S1 2S2 2S2
2S3 4S3
CORE-2 PS CHECKUP 2S1 2S3 __ U 4S4

3
2S2 2S3 1 1
5S S2
PROTECTION
3
1S S1

3S4

3S2
3S3
3S1
1S 2
3 5 S3
5 S4

U
3

3S1 3S3 3S1 3S2

5
HAIR
4S1
CORE-3 0.5 / 0.2 METERING 3S1 3S4

U
PIN /
3
3 4S2
3S4 3S2 3S4 3S3 2S12
2S 3
4S3
2S
U 4S4
U SHAPE

3
MAIN-2 4S1 4S3 4S1 4S2 DESIGN
CORE-4 PS 4S1 4S4

3S4

3S2
3S3
3S1
PROTECTION 4S4 4S2 4S4 4S3
EYE BOLT
MAIN-1 5S1 5S3 5S1 5S2 DESIGN
CORE-5 PS 5S1 5S4
PROTECTION 5S4 5S2 5S4 5S3 DEAD TANK DESIGN
 BUS

3
3
3
3
1-89

/ CVT
3 2 1

BB-EVT
1-52CB
P2
1

BUS BAR PROTECTION 3

2

BUS BAR CHECKUP PROT 3

3

METERING 3
1-CT
CORES
4

MAIN-2/BACKUP PROTECTION 3
5

MAIN-1 PROTECTION 3
P1
SINGLE BUS SYSTEM

1-89L

3
2

3
3
3
3
1-CVT
 NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN APTRANSCO
FOR TRANSMISIION LINES & DISTRIBUTION LINES ( FEEDER / LINE PROTECTION )

Sr.No VOLTAGE MAIN- 1 PROTECTION MAIN-2 PROTECTION/ BACKUP PROTECTION

1. 11 KV LINES 2 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) -
2. 33 KV LINES 3 O/L + E/F ( 51 + 51N ) -
3. 66 KV LINES SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR DIRECTIONAL O/L & E/F RELAYS WITH HIGH
4. 132 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N) SET ( 67 + 67N )
NON SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR
5. 220 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P+ 21N)
6. 400 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21) OR LINE
+ in BUILT DEF RELAY(67N) DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) WITH 67N
7. 765 KV LINES NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21P + 21N) NUMERICAL DISTANCE SCHEME (21) OR LINE
+ in BUILT DEF RELAY(67N) DIFFERENTIAL SCHEME (87L) WITH 67N
IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS, BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE MEASURING PRINCIPLES (CHARECTERESTICS), MODELS
AND ALGORITHAMS (SHOULD NOT BE DUPLICATED) AND ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS
SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS ( COMPLEMENTARY TO EACH OTHER ) . DISSIMILAR CARRIER SCHEMES ARE TO BE
SELECTED ( POTT & PUTT or BLOCK & UNBLOCK). OTHER WISE MAIN-2 MAY BE DIFFERENT MAKE OR PHASE COMPARISION
PROTECTION/LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION WITH BACKUP DISTANCE PROTECTION IS TO BE ADOPTED. BOTH M1 & M2 SHOULD
CONTAIN DIRECTIONAL EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (67N) WITH DIRECTIONAL COMPARISION PICKUP SCHEME AS INBUILT FUNCTION.
ZONE-1: 80% OF MAIN LINE
ZONE-2: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 50% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END
ZONE-3: 100% OF MAIN LINE + 100% OF SHORTEST LINE AT OTHER END
ZONE-4: 100% OF MAIN LINE + (100% OF SHORTEST LINE + 20% OF LONGEST LINE) AT OTHER END.
 NORMS OF PROTECTION FOLLOWED IN APTRANSCO
FOR POWER TRANSFORMERS & AUTO TRANSFORMERS
BACK UP
S.No
VOLTAGE MAIN PROTECTION ADDITIONAL SPECIAL
CAPACITY RATIO PROTECTION PROTECTION PROTECTION
HV LV

7.5 MVA 16 BUCHHOLZ,

MVA 3 OL + 3 OL + OLTC OSR
1 25 MVA 132KV/11KV 1 DIR EL 1 EL OIL TEMP

87T DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

31.5 MVA WDNG TEMP
16 MVA
31.5 MVA 3 OL + 3 OL + NIL
2 50 MVA 132KV/33KV 1 DIR EL 1 EL
80 MVA
31.5 MVA 3 OL + 3 OL +
3 50 MVA 220KV/33KV 1 DIR EL 1 EL BUCHHOLZ
OVER FLUX
100 MVA 3 OL + 3 OL + OLTC OSR
4 160 MVA 220KV/132KV 1 DIR EL 1 DIR EL
PRV/PRD
315 MVA OIL TEMP REF RELAY,
5 500 MVA 400KV/220KV 3 DIR OL 3 DIR OL WDNG TEMP OVER LOAD
630 MVA ALARM RELAY
(HIGHSET) + (HIGHSET) +
630 MVA 1 DIR EL 1 DIR EL T/F NEUTRAL
750 MVA (HIGHSET) (HIGHSET) CURRENT RELAY +
6 1000MVA 765KV/400KV HIGH IMPEDENCE
1500MVA DIIFERENTIAL RELAY