30-Apr-15

Logic elements
Hydraulics power Cartridge assembly
(1) Bush
(2) Valve poppet
(Switching element) pX

(3) Closing Spring

(4) Control cover pB

The manifold block acts as

the valve housing and AA
contains ports A and B pA
Logic Element Technology together with the pilot
Cartridge (logic) Valves control line (X or AP). AB
AX
Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar
4 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar

Objectives Cartridge valves symbol

The purpose of this session is to describe:
1. Operation of cartridge valve A1
2. Types of cartridge valve AA
3. Analysis of Logic valve
Upon completing this chapter, you should be able to:
- Explain the operation of the various types of control A3
AX
valves.
A3
- Identify the graphical symbols used for. A2 AX
-Master the characteristics of cartridge valve, proportional A2 AB
valve and servo valve. A1 AB
AA Symbols for DIN & ISO 1219

A frequently used Symbols

for DIN 24342
2 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar 5 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar

Cartridge valve Characteristics of cartridge valves

Faucet (Tap A and B are the only ports in the working line, and X is the
The holes in the valve stem correspond control port ( connecting with pilot valve).
to similar holes in the faucet housing. Cartridge valves allow to pass a substantial flow ocketpp X
XK K
rate (1000 L/min) (i.e High flow capacity).
g
pB
B
A
pA

When the holes do not line up at all,

the valve is fully closed.
When the holes line up, the amount they line up determines Cartridge valves integrated with all kinds of pilot valves act
the flow rate of the water and the mix of hot and cold water. as direction, pressure and flow valves.
3 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar 6 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar

1
 30-Apr-15

Cartridge valve installation Types of cartridge valves

1- Slip-in Cartridge (logic) valves
Most slip-in cartridge valves are poppet type
elements.
Rated flow rate from 200 to 1000 l/min.

2- Screw-in cartridge valves

They can be either spool or poppet type.
Rated flow rate up to 400 l/min.

7 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar 10 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar

Types of cartridge valves Area ratios of slip-in cartridge valve

Slip-in cartridge valves are available in three
Position of the valve poppet common area ratios AA:AX (Hint: AX= AAp= AA+ AB)
(A) 1:1 area ratio where, AAP=AA & AB=0

(B) 1:1.1 area ratio where, AAP=1.1AA & AB=0.1AA

(C) 1:2 area ratio where, AAP=2 AA & AB=AA

pilot to open pilot to close

8 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar 11 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar

Types of cartridge valves Operation principle of cartridge valve

Area relation of cartridge valves Pilot X When no hydraulic force acting on X port, the upward
AX= AAp= AA+ AB area AX A B hydraulic force acting on the spool is larger than spring force,
spool shifts, A and B are connected.
Unbalanced Poppet cartridge valves When there is hydraulic force acting on X, ports A & B are
AAP= AA+ AB disconnected
- They are primarily used for switching cover plate
function such as directional controls valve pocket
Annulus
or flow controls. Area AA
area AB pXpK K
X
K
X
Balanced Poppet cartridge valves spring
Area AX pB
AAP= AA , Annulus area AB=0 B spool
- They are largely used as pressure B
A
controls pA
- Pilot AP controls the function of cartridge body
the valve Area AA A
9 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar 12 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar

2
 30-Apr-15

Force balance of cartridge valve Cartridge valve example

Force balance of normally PAP I-) Flow from A to B
closed cartridge valves: Fsp PAP
PB PA AA PAP AAP + Pspring AAP
PA*AA + PB*AB = PAP*AAP+ Fspring Fsp
PA AA (PAP+ Pspring) AAP
Opening force Closing force
PA (PAP+ Pspring) AAP/AA
Valve Open if, PA
PA (7+ 3) 1.1/1.0
PA*AA + PB*AB >PAP*AAP + Fspring X
PA

PA 11 bar
Valve Closed if,
A B

PA*AA + PB*AB <PAP*AAP + Fspring

13 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar 16 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar

Force balance of cartridge valve Cartridge valve example

Force balance of normally PAP II-) Flow from B to A
Open cartridge valves: Fsp
PB AAp= AA+ AB then AB /AAp= (AAP-AA)/Aap= 0.1:1.1

Flow from A to B PB AB PAP AAP + Pspring AAP

PAP
PB AB (PAP+ Pspring) AAP
PA*AA PAP*AAP + Fspring
PA Fsp PB
PB (PAP+ Pspring) AAP/AB
Flow from B to A X
PB (7+ 3) 1.1/0.1
PB*AB PAP*AAP + Fspring
A B
PB 110 bar

14 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar 17 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar

Cartridge valve example Direction control cartridge valves

Example: Consider the valve shown
in figure, where the ratio AA:AX is
1.0:1.1. If the force exerted by the
control spring is equivalent to 3 bar
and the pilot pressure is 7 bar. (c) 3 way 2 position valve
(a) Unidirectional valve

I-If the flow from A to B , find the minimum

required pressure at A to open the valve.
II-If the flow from B to A , find the minimum
required pressure at B to open the valve.
(b) 2 way 2 position valve (d) 4 way 2 position valve
15 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar 18 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar

3
 30-Apr-15

Direction control using four cartridge valves

4-way provide 4-
flow paths, two at
time

Direction control
using four cartridge
valves as shown.

The cylinder is fully

extend or fully
retract.
Valves 2 and 4 used to extend
Valves 1 and 3 used to retract.

19 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar 25 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar

Direction control using four cartridge valves

Small pilot 4/3 DCV
to control the
cartridge valves
positions.

If pump is unloaded
or shutdown, pilot
pressure is lost and
each cartridge valve
can open
Valves 2 and 4 used to extend
Valves 1 and 3 used to retract.
20 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar

Direction control using four cartridge valves

Cylinder can held

at any position
due to closed
center position
of the DCV

Valves 2 and 4 used to extend

Valves 1 and 3 used to retract.
21 Dr. Mohamed Saber Sokar

4
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