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Otc 15274
Otc 15274
to this individual 48-inch, 26-inch and 20-inch tie-in spools of A summary of the comparison is shown in Table 1.
up to 300 feet long and 270 tons, collectively Bombax
presented an interesting and challenging project. Fusion Coal
Asphalt
Coating System Bonded Tar
Enamel
Epoxy Epoxy
Thickness (minimum) 0.012” 0.200” 0.200”
Rough Coat Thickness Not Not
0.003”
(minimum) Required Required
Service Temperature
90-C 80-C 65-C
Maximum
Cathodic Disbondment
Excellent Good Good
Resistance
Flexibility Good Good Good
Impact Resistance Good Excellent Excellent
Asia &
Availability Worldwide Asia
Europe
HSE Good Fair Fair
Table 1
Comparison of Anti-Corrosion Coatings
Production. FBE application of line pipe is a highly properties of the pipe. Bombax utilized a combination of heat
automated process. Bombax pipe coating requirements were sticks and infrared cameras to monitor surface temperature.
based on industry standards including NACE RP 394(2). The After passing through the induction coils the pipe travels
coating process begins by load-in of the pipe into the plant. At immediately into the coating booth. The coating booth
the load-in rack, a coupling is inserted and secured in the I.D. contains the application nozzles for both the anti-corrosion
bore of the lead end of each pipe prior to being indexed onto coating and rough coat. The FBE powder is applied within
the cleaning line conveyor. The coupling serves two this booth utilizing an electrostatic spray (Figure 4).
purposes: 1) Protects the pipe ends from potential mechanical
damage that may be caused during the process of the pipe
being conveyed down the cleaning line. 2) Prevents the pipe
ends from sagging while the pipe travels through the cleaning
process (Shot Blasters). The pipe surface is also inspected for
salt contamination and other defects such as end and body
wall damage. The pipe is then conveyed down the cleaning
line where a system of solid rubber tires, positioned with a
slight pitch so as the pipe rotates it travels in a forward
motion. Here the pipe is pre-heated to remove surface
moisture, blast cleaned, acid washed, rinsed then blasted again
to SSPC 10 / ISO 2.5 surface profile (0.002 to 0.004-inch).
After the final blast the pipe is indexed into a mid-rack station
where the surface of the pipe can be checked for defects Figure 4
(Figure 2). Electrostatic Spray
Figure 2
Mid-Rack area of FBE Plant
If significant defects are found the pipe can be indexed
back to the load-in stage for re-blasting. After the mid-rack
inspection, the pipe is then indexed onto the coating line,
which begins with a series of induction coils (Figure 3).
Figure 5
FBE Out-Bound Rack Inspection
Figure 7
Impingement Method of Applying Concrete
OTC 15274 5
Concrete coating applied by the impinged method is of the pipeline mid-depth to 5-inches on the shore approach
thrown onto the pipe surface by a set of turning vulcanized sections. The 26-inch diameter pipe would require 3-Inches of
rollers. Cement, aggregate and water are continuously mixed CWC and 4-inches on the spoolpieces. Due to diameter
inside a pugmill mixer and fed onto a conveyor feed belt. The restrictions of wrap/compression plants, all of the 48-inch
conveyor feed belt supplies the throwing unit with a CWC pipe except for the thin wall pipe with 3.75-inch CWC
continuous supply of concrete mix the mix impinges upon the was coated utilizing the impingement method. The remainder,
surfaces of the pipe at high velocity (approximately 40 m/sec). including all of the 26-inch diameter pipe was coated using the
After the pipe is coated and weighed, it is placed into a curing wrap method. Cores were taken from the CWC to verify the
area where water is introduced onto the coating until the strength and quality throughout production. Compressive
specified compressive strengths of the concrete coating have strength minimums are required to ensure integrity of the
been achieved. The endrings are removed, and wire is weight coat not just during installation, but also for handling
trimmed from the edges and anodes. Anodes are installed within the coating yard. The concrete was required to reach a
prior to applying the CWC (during the coating process a shield compressive strength of 3500psi after 7-days and 5300psi after
is placed between the throwing unit and anode to prevent 28-Days. The quality of the concrete was very good and as a
coating the anode). result it easily achieved these minimums (Figure 8).
Both impinged and wrap concrete often requires touch up
9000
repair, and infill in the gaps surrounding the anodes. This is
accomplished using gunnite. Gunnite is a mortar type 8000
Compressive Strength
compound, which is pneumatically blown out of the end of a 7000
pump hose onto the substrate. While the concrete is wet, it 6000
(PSI)
5000
2000
Wrap /
Method Impingement
Compression 1000