C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP

TH GI NH (SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD)

Cu gi nh hay cn gi l cu cu khin l loi cu i tng th nht mun i tng th hai lm mt

vic g. Cu gi nh c tnh cht cu khin ch khng mang tnh p buc nh cu mnh lnh. Trong cu
gi nh, ngi ta dng dng nguyn th khng c to ca cc ng t sau mt s ng t chnh mang
tnh cu khin. Thng c that trong cu gi nh tr mt s trng hp c bit.

1. Wish sentence
A. Wish + to do/ wish somebody something/wish somebody to do something.
I wish to pass the entrance exam.
I wish you happy birthday.
I wish you to become a good teacher.
Ch : trong trng hp ny, chng ta c th thay th wish bng want hoc would like
I would like/want to speak to Ann.
B. Wish (that)+ subject + past tense : th hin s nui tic trong hin ti, iu khng c tht hin ti
I wish I knew his address. (tht ra ti khng bit a ch ca anh ta)
I wish I had a car.
I wish I were rich
Ch : trong cu wish khng c tht hin ti, dng were nu l ng t tobe cho tt c cc ngi.
C. Wish (that) + subject + past perfect: th hin s tic nui trong qu kh
I wish I hadnt spent so much money.(s thc l ti tiu rt nhiu tin)
I wish I had seen the film last night. (s thc l ti khng xem phim ti qua)
D. A + wish (that) + B + would do something: phn nn hoc mun thay i tnh hung hin ti (A, B l
hai ngi khc nhau)
I wish they would stop making noise.
I wish it would stop raining hard in summer.
2. If only sentence: gi nh..
A. If only + present tense/future tense: din t hi vng trong tng lai
If only he comes in time = we hope he will come in time
If only he will listen to her = we hope he will be willing to listen to her
B. If only + simple past: din t hnh ng khng c tht hin ti
If only there were snow in summer. We could go skiing.
If only he would join our party.
C. If only + past perfect: din t hnh ng khng c tht qu kh
If only the Bush government hadnt spead war in Irak, million people there wouldnt have been killed.
D. If only .would do.= person A wish person B would do something
You are driving too dangerously. If only you would drive slowly
= I wish you would drive slowly
3. As if/as though sentence
A. As if/as though + simple past: din t hnh ng khng c tht hin ti
Its very cold today. It looks as if/as though it were autumn now.(thc ra by gi ang l ma h)
B. As if/as though + past perfect: din t hnh ng khng c tht qu kh
 C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP
The whole were seriously damaged. It looks as if it had been destroyed by bombs. (thc ra l do ng
t)
C. As if/as though + present tense: din t hnh ng c tht
He appears running from a fierce dog.
> It looks as if he is running from a fierce dog.
4. Other subjunctive structures
Its time somebody did something: n lc ai phi lm g hin ti.
The exam is coming. Its time they worked hard.
Chng ta c th dng cu trc Its high time somebody did something nhn mnh hn mun ni.
Its high time we started.
Person A would rather person B did something: ngh ai mt cch lch s hin ti
A: Would you mind if I smoke?
B: Id rather you didnt smoke.
Sau y l mt s cc tnh t i hi mnh sau n phi dng gi nh, trong cu bt buc phi c
that v ng t sau ch ng 2 dng nguyn th b to: advised, necessary, recommended,
important,obligatory, required, imperative, mandatory, proposed, suggested
Lu : Nu mun cu to ph nh t not sau ch ng 2 trc nguyn th b to.
It is necessary that he find the books.
It is necessary that he not find the books.
It has been proposed that we change the topic.
It has been proposed that we not change the topic.
Nu b that i th ch ng 2 s bin thnh tn ng sau gii t for, ng t tr v dng nguyn th c to
v cu mt tnh cht gi nh tr thnh dng mnh lnh thc gin tip.
It is necessary for him to find the books.
It is necessary for him not to find the books.

Dng vi would rather that

Ng php hin i ngy nay c bit l ng php M cho php dng would ratherm khng cn
dng that trong loi cu ny.
VD: We would rather (that) he not take this train.
Dng vi ng t.
Bng sau l nhng ng t i hi mnh sau n phi dng gi nh v trong cu bt buc phi
c that trong trng hp .
advise ask command decree
demand insist move order
prefer stipulate recommend request
require propose suggest urge
ng t sau ch ng 2 dng nguyn th khng chia b to. Nu mun thnh lp th ph nh t not sau
ch ng 2 trc nguyn th b to.
Subject + verb + that + S + [verb in simple form]
The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking.
The doctor suggested that his patient not stop smoking.
Nu b that i th ch ng 2 s tr v dng tn ng v ng t sau n tr v dng nguyn th c to, cu
mt tnh cht gi nh, tr thnh mt dng mnh lnh thc gin tip.
The doctor suggested his patient to stop smoking.
The doctor suggested his patient not to stop smoking.
 C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP
Trong ng php Anh-Anh trc ng t mnh 2 thng c should, ngi Anh ch b should khi sau
n l ng t to be.

Dng vi tnh t
Bng sau l mt s cc tnh t i hi mnh sau n phi dng gi nh, trong cu bt buc phi
c that v ng t sau ch ng 2 dng nguyn th b to.
advised important mandatory
necessary obligatory proposed
recommended required suggest
urgent imperative

Lu rng trong bng ny c mt s tnh t l phn t 2 cu to t cc ng t bng trn. Nu mun

cu to ph nh t not sau ch ng 2 trc nguyn th bto.
It + be + adj + that + S + [verb in simple form]
It is necessary that he find the books.
It is necessary that he not find the books.
It has been proprosed that we change the topic.
It has been proprosed that we not change the topic.
Nu b that i th ch ng 2 s bin thnh tn ng sau gii t for, ng t tr v dng nguyn th
c to v cu mt tnh cht gi nh tr thnh dng mnh lnh thc gin tip.
It is necessary for him to find the books.
It is necessary for him not to find the books.
It has been proprosed for us to change the topic.
It has been proprosed for us not to change the topic.
Lu :
- Cu gi nh dng vi 2 loi trn thng c dng trong cc vn bn hoc th giao dch din t li
ngh t pha A -> B m khng c tnh bt buc.
- Khng ch c ng t v tnh t mi c dng theo dng ny, tt c cc danh t xut pht t nhng
ng t v tnh t trn u buc mnh sau n phi dng gi nh, nu nh n din t cc yu t
trn.
There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking.
It is recommendation that the vehicle owner be present at the court

SUBJUNCTIVE l mt hnh thc chia ng t c bit theo tt c nhng ng t thng u c

dng nguyn mu khng TO. Ngoi l duy nht l ng t TOBE, c hai dng SUBJUNCTIVE
l BE v WERE.
Bin th SUBJUNCTIVE WERE ca ng t TO BE c dng trong cu iu kin hin ti khng tht
nh ta hc.

IF I WERE YOU, I WOULD NOT DO THAT. = (Nu ti l anh, ti s khng lm nh vy.)

Sau y l nhng ng t v thnh ng (expressions) i hi phi dng SUBJUNCTIVE sau chng.
* Danh sch ng t yu cu s dng SUBJUNCTIVE:
ASK, COMMAND, DEMAND, INSIST, MOVE (vi ngha ngh dng trong mt cuc hp trang
trng, khng phi vi ngha di chuyn), ORDER, PROPOSE, RECOMMEND, REQUIRE,
SUGGEST, URGE
 C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP
- Th d:
+ WE DEMAND THAT HE DO IT.
+ THE PRESIDENT REQUESTS THAT YOU BE PRESENT AT THE MEETING.
* Nhng ng t c th dng SUBJUNCTIVE ng sau hoc c th dng trong cu trc ng t +
i t tn ng + ng t nguyn mu c TO :
ASK, ORDER, REQUIRE, URGE
- Th d:
+ WE ASK THAT SHE BE PRESENT.
+ WE ASK HER TO BE PRESENT.
* Danh sch nhng thnh ng yu cu SUBJUNCTIVE theo sau:
IT IS ADVISABLE THAT
IT IS CRUCIAL THAT
IT IS DESIRABLE THAT
IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT
IT IS IMPORTANT THAT
IT IS MANDATORY THAT
IT IS NECESSARY THAT
IT IS VITAL THAT
- Th d:
+ IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT WE VOTE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
+ THE MANAGER INSISTS THAT THE CAR PARK BE LOCKED AT NIGHT.
* LU :

- Vi nhng ng t, thnh ng nh trn, d cu ni hin ti hay qu kh, SUBJUNCTIVE ca ng

t theo sau lun lun l ng t nguyn mu khng c TO.
- Th d:
+ Cu hin ti: IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT SHE BE PRESENT.
Cu qu kh: IT WAS ESSENTIAL THAT SHE BE PRESENT.
+ Cu hin ti: THE PRESIDENT REQUESTS THAT THEY STOP THE OCCUPATION.
Cu qu kh: THE PRESIDENT REQUESTED THAT THEY STOP THE OCCUPATION.

V d:

Question 30: It is imperative ______ what to do when there is a fire.

A. he must know about B. that everyone know
C. that he knew D. we knew
Trong cu c tnh t imperative nm trong danh sch cc t dng hin ti gi nh nn mnh i sau
dng should + nguyn mu hoc nguyn mu. Tng t nh cu:
Its necessary that this parcel BE CHECKED before delivering.
NECESSARY nm trong cm gi nh obligatory, proposed, required, advised, suggested,
necessary, recommended, mandatory, important, imperative, mandatory, proposed, suggested
nn sau n phi l BARE INF (1 dng rt hay cho trong DH)