CONCEPTS ON SPORTS AND SOCIETY IN THE PHILIPPINES

INTRODUCTION

Sports in the Philippines is an important part of the country's culture. There are five
major sports in the Philippines. These are:
basketball, boxing, football, billiards and volleyball. Despite being a tropical nation, ice
skating is a popular sport in the Philippines. Sports such
as athletics, weightlifting, aerobics, and martial arts are also popular recreations.

Among the others there

are: badminton, baseball, bowling, swimming, wrestling, underwaterdiving, kayaking, sailing
and windsurfing, cockfighting, horse racing, motor racing, rugby, sepak-takraw, and jai
alai are also appreciated. With the sport of cockfighting being wildly popular in the
Philippines, attracting large crowds who bet on the outcome of fights between the
birds, and the sport itself a popular form of fertility worship among almost all Southeast
Asians.

Such sports activity as the sport of cockfighting, related to ritual forms of worship as
practices and rituals of ancient worship intended for the blessings of the supernatural, as
"in Indus Valley and other ancient civilizations, mother goddess had been invoked for
fertility and prosperity" which included that religious cockfight lay as a prime example of
"cultural synthesis of 'little' and 'great' cultures due to religious syncretism causing the loss
for some of religious significance and hence a sport, while remaining for some as a form of
fertility worship and still for others as Baal or Baalim.

On July 27, 2009, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed Republic Act No. 9850
into law, declaring Modern Arnis as the Philippine National Martial Art and Sport

OLYMPICS

The Philippines has participated in all editions of the Olympics except in 1980 when
it joined the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. The country is also the
first tropical nation to participate at the Winter Olympics, debuting at the 1972 edition and
has participated in three other editions of the winter games. Philippine Olympic
Committee (POC) is the National Olympic Committee of the Philippines.

SPORT FOR THE DISABLED

The Philippine Sports Association for the Paralympic Committee of the Philippines
(PhilSPADA-NPC Philippines) is the national sports association for people with disabilities,
tasked to compete in activities related to sports, and physical fitness. It is affiliated with
the International Paralympic Committee. PHILSPADA-NPC Philippines works with the
International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA), the Philippine Olympic Committee, Philippine
Sports Commission, and the Philippine National Sport associations to train, and send
qualified disabled Philippine athletes to international disabled sport competitions such as
the ASEAN Para Games, the FESPIC Games, the Paralympic Games, as well as national
competitions.

A. 4th ASEAN Para Games, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

The Philippine athletes with cerebral palsy to compete in Boccia in 4th ASEAN
Paragames tournament. The Philippine Disabled Shooting Team, with the support of the
Philippine National Shooting Association, competed in the ParaGames in the Air Rifle, and
Air Pistol events.
B. 2008 Beijing Paralympic Games, China

Three athletes, one in powerlifting, and a team of two in sailing, represented the
Philippines in the 2008 Beijing Paralympics.

The 2008 Philippine Paralympic Team was organized, and managed by PHILSPADA
with the support of the Philippine Sports Commission, and the Philippine Olympic
Committee.

INDIVIDUAL SPORTS

Boxing
Boxing is among the most popular individual sports in the Philippines. Some Filipino
boxers such as Manny Pacquiao are recognized internationally. The Amateur Boxing
Association of the Philippines is the governing body for amateur boxing in the country.

Figure Skating
Ice skating rinks used as venues for figure skating are limited to shopping malls in
the country, particularly in the Metro Manila area. The first ice skating rink in the country
was opened in 1992 at SM Megamall in Mandaluyong. The first Olympic sized ice skating
rink was opened at the SM Mall of Asia. An ice skating rink also operates in SM Southmall.
There are more figure skating coaches in the Philippines than ice hockey coaches and the
first Filipino ice skating coaches were roller skaters. The Philippine Championship is a
national competitive for ice skating in which the winner gets to represent the country in
international competitions. The Philippines has also managed to qualify and send a figure
skater to the 2014 Winter Olympics becoming the first Southeast Asian country to do so at
the Winter Olympics. The said figure skater was Michael Christian Martinez.

TEAM SPORTS

American Football
American football is a relatively new sport to the Philippines and is often mistaken for
both codes of rugby football. Arena Ball Philippines currently holds a 4 team competition.
Since August 2013, a fifth team joined-in marking its first official expansion team in the
league. Apart from that, American Football Federation of the Philippines, the organization
behind the Philippine Punishers and lately Philippine Valkyries, the former's female
counterpart, has been actively competing against other Asian regents such as Shanghai,
Hong Kong, Saipan and US Guam Confederate.

Famous Filipino players to have played in the National Football League in the United
States include Eugene Amano, Tim Tebow, Roman Gabriel, Tedy Bruschi, Chris
Gocong,Steve Slaton, Aaron Francisco, Jordan Dizon, and Doug Baldwin.

The Philippines also organizes a men's national team.

Association Football
The Philippine national football team or Azkals, is the national football team of the
Philippines, and is controlled by the Philippine Football Federation (PFF). The United
Football League (Philippines) is the Top Flight football league in the country, the (PFF) are
planning to launch a National Football League this 2015 or 2016, each club's will represent
their respective Cities or Provinces and required to have a youth squad for the Youth
League. It will also help to promote football awareness and grassroots program to the young
Filipino footballers who admires to play professional football.

Baseball
The Philippine national baseball team is ranked 22nd on the IBAF World Rankings,
and after the WBC Qualification tournament held at Taiwan in 2013, baseball in the
Philippines is gradually gaining popularity.
Basketball
Basketball is considered to be the most popular sport in the Philippines and is played
on both the amateur and professional level. The professional league in the Philippines is
the Philippine Basketball Association and currently runs a 12 team competition, but also in
Asia's professional basketball league after the National Basketball Association. The national
team is popularly known as Gilas Pilipinas and has recently qualified to compete in
the 2014 FIBA World Cup.

Rugby League
Rugby league is a relatively unknown sport in the Philippines and is often mistaken
for rugby union and even American football. The Philippine National Rugby League are the
governing body and are responsible for the growth of rugby league in the Philippines. The
sport has recently been introduced to the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy and the
plan is to introduce the sport though the maritime industry. The national team is known as
the Tamaraws.

Rugby Union
The Philippine Rugby Football Union was founded in 1999 and is the governing body
of rugby union in the Philippines. There are currently around 12 schools playing rugby
union in the Philippines and 10 teams that compete in regular competition. The national
team is known as the Volcanoes and competes in the Asian 5 Nations and the Asian Seven
Series.
 MANAGEMENT IN SPORTS COMPETITION

INTRODUCTION

The quality and success of a sports competition is a reflection of its management and
administration. Efficient management demands full understand of the program itself and
belief in the objectives of the organizers and the participants.
To attain success and orderliness in the conduct of the competition, there should be
guiding rules and regulations to be followed, proper scheduling of games, a safe and
sufficient venue, availability of equipment needed, and officials to rule the games.

Competitions or meet managements are evaluated through the way the competition is
carried out careful consideration of every detail is a must for the success of the project,
gaining of respect and confidence of the participants and audience, and a good reputation
as manager.

PHASES OF MEET MANAGEMENT

Meet management comprises three phases, namely:

1.preparation before the game;

2.responsibilities during the game; and
3.responsibilities after the game.

NECESSARY PREPARATION BEFORE THE GAME

For a well-planned competition, the project needs careful planning. Every detail such
as the type of sports events to be included, the interest of the clientele, equipment, venue,
budget, time frame, officials, working force behind the project, season of the year, programs
to be prepared, safety and convenience of both players, officials, and audience are all to be
given optimum consideration.

When the idea of conducting an athletic meet or competition has been decided upon
by a person or a group, the initial planning should begin with an organizing committee,
also called as the Executive Committee.

The items to be considered are:

1.sports events to be included

2.date and place of competition
3.facilities needed
4.list of competing units
5.possible budget
6.equipment and materials
7.type of elimination to be applied
8.list of elimination to be applied
9.schedule of the games

GAME COMMITTEES

Game committees are a must to be established first and foremost because these will
be the working force behind any project. The main objective of each committee is to render
assistance to the general director or manager of the tournament. Proper delegation of
assignments to each corresponding committee will ensure the proper conduct of the
activity.

Here are the different committees that may be of great help in administering and
managing any sports competition.

1. Technical Committee
2. Committee on Discipline and Protest
3. Program and Invitation Committee
4. Peace and Order Committee
5. Accommodation Committee
6. Equipment and Facilities Committee
7. Prize and Awards Committee

ELIMINATION AND SCHEDULING OF GAMES

The responsibilities of the Executive Committee do not end in the composition of

different important game committees. Another important factor to consider is the
scheduling of games and the system of elimination to be applied.

In planning and making a schedule for a spots competition, you have to consider the
following:

1. events to be played
2. number of participants
3. time frame/ allotment
4. interest of participants
5. results of previous competition total development of participants and the audience

Choosing the right system of elimination is very vital. It requires careful planning,
analysis, and decision making. If there are so many competitors and the time allotted is
very limited, it is advisable to use the system of single elimination. If you really want to
choose the best player or the purpose of the of the tournament is for socialization and
camaraderie, the round robin system is more advisable to apply. On the other hand, if
there are many participants and the time frame is quite limited, the system of double
elimination may be utilized. Wise decision in the choice of system of elimination to be
applied is very important, thus, must be given utmost consideration.

A. Single Elimination

This system of elimination is commonly called the knock out system of elimination
because a participant gets eliminated from the tournament the moment he loses a game (1
loss).

1. To get the number of games, subtract 1 from the total number of participants or teams.
2. To get the number of byes on the first day of games, subtract the number of participants
or teams from the number that is a multiple of 2, nearest but not less than the number of
participating teams.
3. To get the number of teams who will play on the first day of tournament, subtract the
number of byes from the total number of participating teams/players.

B. Double Elimination

In the system of double elimination, you are given another chance to play and try to
keep your chance to play as long as you are winning a succeeding game. You get eliminated
the moment you lose another game. This means that as long as a player or team does not
lose a game twice, it continues to compete.

This type of elimination is beneficial to every participating player or team because it

still gives the player or team a chance to compete for championship despite of having lost a
game.

1.To get the number of games to be played, subtract 1 from the total number of
participating teams, then multiply the difference by 2.
2.To get the number of byes, subtract the number of participating teams from the nearest
number that is multiple of 2, but does not go over it.
3.To get the number of teams to play on the first day, subtract the number of byes from the
total number of participating teams.
C. Round Robin

If you want to choose the best of the best, there is no better way than to apply the
round robin system. In this process, every team or player has an opportunity to meet and
compete with all the other teams or players participating in the particular competition.
Each player will get the chance to try and vie with one another. Thus, every player will be
able to test his ability, socialize and practice sportsmanship. This system truly measures
ones skill, capacity, and wits.

Proper scheduling of games using the round robin system is as follows:

1. To get the number of rounds to be played, subtract 1 from the total number of
participating teams or players.

1 If the number of participating teams is an odd number, the number stays for the number
of rounds to be played.

2. To get the total number of games for the duration of the event, divide the total number of
teams by 2, multiply the quotient by the number of rounds to be played.

To diagram, write half of the total number of teams in numerical order, starting from the
top going down.
Continue writing the next number at the right bottom going up in
On the next round, move the numbers counterclockwise except the first one (1) which
should remain steady.

Based on the diagram you made, you can now make the schedule. A game schedule
includes the game number, name of teams playing for a particular game, date and time of
game, venue, and if possible, the game officials. For proper understanding and guidance, it
is advisable to design your schedule like the example given.

After having studied about how to organize a sports competition considering the
different committees needed and the various ways of scheduling games using the particular
system of elimination for every situation, the next thing to learn is how to manage school
sports competitions.

Intersection is the lowest level of tournament in a competition between different

sections in a curriculum level.

Intramural is the next level of competition that is usually a tournament among

representatives of each curriculum level based on the result of the conducted intersection.
Intramurals refer to competitions within a school. Generally, the primary objective of
conducting intramurals is to select the best players to be included in the school team.

There are other levels of sports competition among schools. These include the following:

1. District Meet is a competition among schools in a district.

2. Division Meet is a competition between district school representatives under one school
division. Normally, the team is composed of a selection of outstanding players from the
different schools in a district.
3. City and Municipal Meet is a competition among all schools in a city or municipality both
from public and private schools.
4. Regional and Provincial Meet is a sports competition between cities or municipalities
belonging to one region or province like the National Capital Region of NCR Meet.
5. National Meet is participated in by all regions and provinces all over the country like our
Palarong Pambansa, which is the highest level of schools sports competition.