ICARDA-APRP

2005


3............................................................................................. :
:3......................................................................................... :
3..............................................
4...............................................................
4..........................................................................
6................
6...............................................
12......................................................................................
12.................................
)13................................... (Fertigation
13......................................................................
13...............................................................................
13...................................................
13...................................................................................
14.....................................................
14..................................................................
14................................................................
14.................................................
18...............................................................
18....... :
: 18............. :
: 21........ :
24......................:


:



.
. 4 3
.
.


.

::
. .

.

) (Manual Irrigation
.
.
) (Surface Irrigation ) (Furrow



.
)(Drip Irrigation

)
(

3


9.5 m -1
T 16 mm
PE
Irrigation tape -2
-3
-4
.
T 16 mm
PE
Valve 16 mm

-5
PE
Elbow

PVC 1 T PVC 1
Fig. (1) Layout of Irrigation lines.
- 6
1.75 cm
60 cm 1.20 cm 60 cm 1.20 cm 60 cm 1.20 cm 60 cm 1.75 cm
9.5 m
-7
Fig. (2) Layout of Growing beds.

pH
.

Easy Fit
Coupling

Easy Fit
Elbow

Easy Fit
Tee

1/2" MPT
Adapter

1/2" FPT
Adapter

Emitters

Lateral
lines

Control
head

Fertilizer
unit

5


- PVC
.
- )( PE
.
-

- )(

.
-
.
- .
-
.
-
.
- .
- .

.
:

-
) ( .

.

-1 = ) 60(
-2 = %30
-3 = %20
6

-4 = %80
-5 = 60 100 /

-1 60 X 9 ) 540 (2
60 .
-2 ) 4 = (ET0 /

" "
= 40

-
-
-

) (

.


:
-1
-2
-3
-4 )(


)(

.

:
- :
) (ET0

.
- :

7

-
) (Kc ) (Etc )(ET0

" "
.
- :
) (A.W

.

%30
%40
%50
:
)( = )( X
4 = ETo / )
/ ( 60 . Kc
0.9 :
)( = 3.6 = 0.9 X 4 /
= 3.6 /
0.4 /


) 1 = (Kc

)(
........

) 3.6 /( :
:


.


:
/ = /

8

:
) /(
) /(
) /(
) /(


% 25 10 .

)( = ) ( X )( X

= 4.32 = 1.2 X 0.9 X 8 /

% 20
" " = 4.32 /.

) (% 85 ) (% 75 )(% 65


3 / 4 /
% 75 4 / .
:
= 3.2 = 0.80 X 4 /.

)( = ) ( X )( X X

= 80/100 X 1.2 X 0.9 X 4
) (

...
2/3
.% 66
)( = ) ( X )( X
X 540 X
9

= 2916 = 540 X 80/100 X 0.9 X 4 / /
= 2916 / / 1000
2.916 / 3 /.


% 66:
:
60 = 0.66 X 2.916
= 1.92 /3 /.

0.7
= 1.35 = 0.7 X 1.92 / 3 /.

) 540 (2 60

:
-
.
- ) (Available Water
.
-
0.33
0.10 .
-

15.
/
60 100 /

1 60 = 6.
40
40 100
.
100 60
40
= ) 24 =100 / (60 X 80
) (24
.
10


= 11.96 = 4.2 X 24 / 3
% 66
= 7.894 = 0.66 X 11.96 / 3 / 40

7.894 / 3 / 40
) (
7.894 )(
)( = / 3 /
40
:
% 30 .
% 30
.

% 30 :
= = 0.30 X 7.894
2.368 / 3 / 40
2.368 / 3
1.35 / 3 ) (.
2.368 3 1.7 0.7
:
-1 2.7 / 3 /
% 30 % 46

-2 1.35 / 3 /
% 30 % 23


. MAD


.
:

11

-:
.
.
.....

.

.

.

.

.

.

:
.
:

.
- :
. .
- :
. .

12


.

)(Fertigation

) (
.

-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
-4 .
-5
.
-6 .
-7 .

-1
) (.
-2
)(.

-
.

.
.


pH . pH
13

. pH
.
pH = 5.8 pH = 6.8
. .
.

-
.
.

.
. .
.

.
.
.
.

.

. .
.
.
.

.
: .

14

)( 100

)( )(

0.010 0.060 0.100 0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 1
0.010 0.060 0.100 0.0 2.2 2.8 0.0 3.5 5.5 2
0.010 0.060 0.100 0.0 2.3 1.5 1.0 4.0 5.7 3
0.010 0.060 0.100 0.0 2.5 1.5 1.5 4.2 5.7 4
0.010 0.060 0.100 0.0 2.5 1.5 1.5 5.4 5.4 5
0.010 0.060 0.100 0.0 2.5 1.5 1.5 6.0 5.2 6
0.010 0.060 0.100 1.5 2.5 1.5 1.5 6.2 5.0 7-10
0.010 0.060 0.100 1.2 2.5 1.5 1.5 5.7 4.6 11-13
0.010 0.060 0.100 1.0 2.3 1.5 1.0 5.0 3.8 13-16
0.010 0.060 0.100 1.0 2.0 1.5 0.5 4.0 3.0 16
end

5 3 50 10 1 3

) (ppm )(

0.12 0.72 1.2 19.6 97.3 57.4 45.4 76.8 1

0.12 0.72 1.2 21.6 104.5 215.5 63.6 130.8 2
0.12 0.72 1.2 22.5 108.3 197.5 34.1 173.7 3
0.12 0.72 1.2 24.5 107.4 205.2 34.1 192.2 4
0.12 0.72 1.2 24.5 102.6 251.5 34.1 205.0 5
0.12 0.72 1.2 24.5 98.8 274.7 34.1 210.3 6
0.12 0.72 1.2 38.7 95.0 282.4 34.1 226.0 7-10
0.12 0.72 1.2 35.9 87.4 263.1 34.1 210.3 11-13
0.12 0.72 1.2 32.0 72.2 236.1 34.1 169.9 13-16
0.12 0.72 1.2 29.1 57.0 197.5 34.1 127.6 end16

15


)( 100

)( )(

0.012 0.066 0.120 0.0 2.1 2.0 0.0 0.5 5.3 1- 2

0.012 0.066 0.120 0.0 2.3 2.8 0.0 4.0 6.2 3- 4
0.012 0.066 0.120 0.0 2.4 1.5 1.0 4.6 6.6 5- 7
0.012 0.066 0.120 0.0 2.6 1.5 1.5 4.8 7.3 7- 9
0.012 0.066 0.120 0.0 2.6 1.5 1.5 6.0 6.5 9-10
0.012 0.066 0.120 0.0 2.6 1.5 1.5 6.4 6.4 10-13
0.012 0.066 0.120 1.5 2.6 1.5 1.5 6.8 5.5 14-16
0.012 0.066 0.120 1.2 2.6 1.5 1.5 7.2 4.8 17-20
0.012 0.066 0.120 1.0 2.4 1.5 1.0 6.7 4.6 20-24
0.012 0.066 0.120 1.0 2.0 1.5 0.5 6.4 3.5 -end
25

5 3 50 10 1 3

) (ppm )(

0.144 0.792 1.44 20.6 101.1 76.7 45.4 86.7 1- 2

0.144 0.792 1.44 22.1 117.8 234.8 63.6 148.2 3- 4
0.144 0.792 1.44 23.0 125.4 220.6 34.1 195.5 5- 7
0.144 0.792 1.44 25.0 138.7 228.3 34.1 225.2 7- 9
0.144 0.792 1.44 25.0 123.5 274.7 34.1 229.8 9-10
0.144 0.792 1.44 25.0 121.6 290.1 34.1 233.8 10-13
0.144 0.792 1.44 39.2 104.5 305.5 34.1 242.2 14-16
0.144 0.792 1.44 36.4 91.2 321.0 34.1 234.0 17-20
0.144 0.792 1.44 32.5 87.4 301.7 34.1 205.4 20-24
0.144 0.792 1.44 29.1 66.5 290.1 34.1 168.3 -End
25

16


)( 100

)( )(

0.01 0.06 0.10 0.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.6 6.0 1
0.01 0.06 0.10 0.0 2.1 2.8 0.0 3.2 6.6 2
0.01 0.06 0.10 0.0 2.2 1.5 1.0 4.0 6.6 3
0.01 0.06 0.10 0.0 2.4 1.5 0.8 4.2 6.4 4
0.01 0.06 0.10 0.0 2.4 1.5 0.8 5.1 6.0 5
0.01 0.06 0.10 0.0 2.4 1.5 0.8 5.6 5.8 6
0.01 0.06 0.10 0.0 2.4 1.5 0.7 5.8 5.3 7-10
0.01 0.06 0.10 0.8 2.4 1.5 0.6 5.5 5.0 11-13
0.01 0.06 0.10 0.7 2.1 1.5 0.5 5.5 4.5 13-16
0.01 0.06 0.10 0.4 1.9 1.5 0.4 5.0 3.8 16-
end

5 3 50 10 1 3

) (ppm )(

0.096 0.66 1.2 19.6 114.0 80.6 45.4 98.3 1

0.096 0.66 1.2 20.6 125.9 203.9 63.6 143.5 2
0.098 0.66 1.2 21.5 125.9 197.5 34.1 187.6 3
0.096 0.66 1.2 23.5 121.1 205.2 34.1 180.0 4
0.096 0.66 1.2 23.5 114.0 239.9 34.1 186.8 5
0.096 0.66 1.2 23.5 109.3 259.2 34.1 189.9 6
0.096 0.66 1.2 23.5 99.8 266.9 34.1 181.9 7-10
0.096 0.66 1.2 31.1 95.0 255.4 34.1 179.4 11-13
0.096 0.66 1.2 28.2 85.5 255.4 34.1 167.6 13-16
0.096 0.66 1.2 22.4 71.3 236.1 34.1 142.8 end16

17



) (Macronutrients
) (Micronutrients
.
.

:

:
-1 ) : (Mobile elements


:
.
-2 ) :(Immobile elements

:
.

: :

-1 :


)(











.

.

18

-2 :
) (



















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-3 :
-

















.
19


-4 :

) (Chlorosis and necorosis
.
.

-5 :


) (necrosis

.

-6 :

20


: :

-1 :



. - .
) (BER
.
. ) (BER

.

-2 :

.

.

21


-3 :



.




.

-4 :




)(
.

.

22

-5 :




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-7 :


.

23


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) (

.
-2 .
-3
.
-4
.
-5 20 .

.
-6 .

. :
-1
25 .
-2
%0.1

24