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Cosmology I & Ii Help Sheet 2014
Cosmology I & Ii Help Sheet 2014
dr2
V ()
2 2
ds = dt +a (t) 2
+r2 d2 +r2 sin2 d2 H2 = 2
1 Kr2 3MPl
3H = V ()
1
f (~
p) =
e(E)/T 1 R = H
(3)
1
ni = gi T 3 (T mi ) 3
3/4 2
L
Pg (k) 4k 3 h|gk |2 i
3/2 2
mi T mi i
ni = gi e T (T mi ) 3 X
2
Z
2
d3 k
a 2
K L
k
3 + 3 2 = 8GN
a2 a H
2
a P (k) =
3 = 4GN ( + 3p) 2 aH=k
a 2 2
a H H
+ 3 ( + p) = 0 PR (k) =
a 2 aH=k
2 d ln PR
= g T 4 n(k) 1
30 d ln k
2 2 T 1
Z
s= gS T 3 = v n+(tdec , xls )+2 dt
45 T obs 4
1/2
g tT 2
X
= 1.51MPl e ikx
= 4 il jl (kx)Ylm (x)Ylm
(k)
1 2 lm
= + V ()
2 k2
k +H(4+3c2s )k +c2s k +[2H+(3+3c2s )H 2 ]k = 0
1 a2
p = 2 V ()
2 2 k2 1
k = k 2 k 2k
+ 3H + V () = 0 3 (aH) 2 H
3
gT 3 2 3 + 3w
k = Rk , (w p/)
n n = 2
+ (T m) 5 + 3w
6 T T
Z
3/2
d Ylm (, )Yl m (, ) = ll mm
mT
n n = 2g em/T sinh (T m)
2 T
Ylm (, )2 = 2l + 1
X
dx
Z
= arsinh(x) m
4
1 + x2 Z
Z dz 1
jl (z)2 =
r
ax2
e dx = 0 z 2l(l + 1)
a
The particles in the Standard Model and g (T )
Particle Data Group, 2014
1
Leptons 1776.82 0.16 MeV + spin 2 g =22=4
105.658 MeV +
e 510.999 keV e+
12
1
< 2 eV spin 2 g=2
< 2 eV
e < 2 eV e
6
gf = 72 + 12 + 6 = 90
gb = 16 + 11 + 1 = 28
History of g (T )