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L05 EMwaves-v9
L05 EMwaves-v9
L05 EMwaves-v9
Luca Daniel
Lecture 5
Electromagnetic Waves
in Homogenous Media
Outline
{
E( r ,t) = Re E( r ) e jt } Phasor: contains all amplitude, vector,
spatial and phase information
z
direction of propagation
y E ( z,0 ) L3-3
Linear Polarization {
oe jkye jt )
(= Re zjE }
y
E ( z,0 )
z direction of propagation
x
L3-4
Uniform Plane Wave (UPW)
Linear vs. Circular vs. Elliptical Polarization
Linear Polarization Circular Polarization
o e jky
E( r ) = zjE
Linear Polarization
y
E ( z,0 )
z direction of propagation
x
L3-5
Outline
L3-6
Maxwells Equations
in linear isotropic homogeneous lossless media
Faradays Law: E = H E = jH
t
Amperes Law: H = E H = jE
t
Eliminate H :
EM Wave Equation : 2 E 2 E = 0
2
2 E + 2 E = 0
t
k 2 = 2
2
L3-7
L3-9
EH
propagation direction: E H
E ( )
E H nda
da
has the units of power: [V/m][A/m][m2 ]=[V A]
n
H Net power flow OUT of the surface:
vS (E H) nda
=
L3-11
The Poynting Theorem
d 1 2 d 1 2
(E H)
2 3
= E + E + H [W/m ]
dt 2 dt 2
Net power Power Energy Stored Energy Stored in
flow INTO dissipated in Electric Field Magnetic Field
the surface wd we wm
v
S
( )
EH n da = V E
2
dv +
d 1 2
dt V 2
E dv +
d 1
dt V 2
2
H dv [W]
p1 Wstored
d
pi = p d iss +
dt
w sto re d
p2
i p diss p3
2 1 2
Electric energy We = 1 E Magnetic energy Wm = 2 H
density 2
density
L3-14
EM Wave in z direction:
E
E ( z,t ) = y E0cos ( t kz ) , H ( z,t ) = x 0 cos ( t kz )
Wavelength H ( z,0 )
x = 2 = c
k f
E ( z,0 )
z
y
2
Electric energy We = 1 E
density 2
1 2
Magnetic energy Wm = 2 H
density
z
We = Wm
2
L3-16
Uniform Plane Waves Wave Intensity (Power Flow)
E2
S(t) = E H = z o cos2 ( t kz ) (W/m2 )
S(z, t = 0)
E(z, t = 0)
z
0
E2 1 1 Eo2
S(t) = z o cos2 ( t kz )
T
S S(t) dt =
z [W/m ]
2
2
T
1
S = Re S
2
{} and S E H
L3-17