1.What is GDR?

Global Depository Receipt means any instrument in the form of a depository receipt or
certificate created by the overseas depository bank outside India and issued to non-resident
investors against the issue of ordinary shares or Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds of issuing
company. Among the Indian Companies, Reliance Industries Ltd. was the first company to
raise funds through a GDR issue.
(OR)
Global Depository Receipt (GDR) - certificate issued by international bank, which can
be subject of worldwide circulation on capital markets. GDR's are emitted by banks, which
purchase shares of foreign companies and deposit it on the accounts.

2.What is ADR?
An American Depositary Receipt (ADR) is how the stock of most foreign companies
trades in United States stock markets. Each ADR is issued by a U.S. depositary bank and
represents one or more shares of a foreign stock or a fraction of a share. If investors own an ADR
they have the right to obtain the foreign stock it represents.

3.What is IDR?
IDR stands for Indian Depository Receipts, and Standard Chartered is the first company
to come out with an IDR. StanChart derived 12% of its income from India in 2009, and India
contributed $1.06 billion of its $7.23 billion operating profit last year, and that may have
something to do with this first.

An Indian Depository Receipt is a way for a foreign company to raise money in India.

The foreign company deposits its shares with a custodian, and then the custodian issues
depository receipts based on these shares. To that extent, IDRs are derivative instruments
because they derive their value from the underlying shares. In this case, Standard Chartered
Bank, Mumbai is the domestic depository, and it has appointed Bank of New York, Mellon as its
overseas depository.

FundManagers
The individuals involved in fund management (mutual, pension, trust funds or hedge
funds) must have a high level of educational and professional credentials and appropriate
investment managerial experience to qualify for this position. Investors should look for long-
term, consistent fund performance with a fund manager whose tenure with the fund
matches its performance time period.
 The whole point of investing in a fund is to leave the investment management function to
the professionals. Therefore, the quality of the fund manager is one of the key factors to consider
when analyzing the investment quality of any particular fund.

What Does Stock Market Mean?

The market in which shares are issued and traded either through exchanges or over-the-
counter markets. Also known as the equity market, it is one of the most vital areas of a market
economy as it provides companies with access to capital and investors with a slice of ownership
in the company and the potential of gains based on the company's future performance.

http://www.google.co.in/#hl=en&source=hp&q=insurance+guidelines&aq=f&aqi=g2g-
m8&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=&fp=baaf84e876a2456

http://www.ifmr.ac.in/sefc/publications/Chit-Funds-Boon-to-Small-Entreprises.pdf

http://www.scribd.com/doc/30842117/ADR-GDR