VALVES are used to control flow, pressure, and direction of fluid flow.

GATE VALVE it is used when a straight line flow of fluid and

minimum flow restriction are needed.

GLOBE VALVE it is used for on-off service and handles throttling

applications.

NEEDLE VALVE it is used to control flow into delicate gauges that

may be damaged by sudden surges of fluid under pressure.

BALL VALVE it uses a ball to start or stop the flow of a fluid.

ANGLE VALVE a valve wherein the fluid leaves at right angles to the
direction in which it enters the valve.

CHECK VALVE it is used to automatically limit the flow into a single

direction.

DIAPHRAGM VALVE used for fluids containing suspended solids, but

limited to low-pressure systems.

PLUG VALVE a valve fitted with a plug that has a hole through which
fluid flow and that is rotatable through 90 for operation in the open
or closed position.

RELIEF VALVE it is used to control excess pressure. It is an automatic

valve used on system lines and equipment to prevent over-
pressurization.

BUTTERFLY VALVE it is a valve which can be used for isolating or

regulating flow. The closing mechanism takes the form of a disk.

3-WAY VALVE it is used to shut off fluid flow in one pipe while
opening fluid flow in another pipe, to mix fluid from two different
pipes into one pipe, or to separate fluid from one pipe into two
different pipes.

MOTOR CONTROLLED VALVE it is an important item of Plant &

Piping system. This valve is of large size and is used for different
applications such as Pump discharge. It is often called as On-Off valve
as the motor serve the purpose of fully opening or fully closing valves
in pipelines.
FITTINGS permit a change in direction and size of piping.
 90 ELBOW allows a 90-degree change in direction.

45 ELBOW allows a 45-degree change in direction.

EQUAL TEE it has three (3) ports having the same diameter.

REDUCING TEE it has two (2) ports having the same diameter and
one (1) port that can be used to allow connection to a pipe having
smaller diameter.

CROSS TEE it has four (4) ports that enable connection of pipes.

REDUCING CROSS it has two (2) ports having the same diameter
and two (2) other ports that can be used to allow connection to pipes
having smaller diameter.

WYE (Y) allows one (1) pipe to be joined to another pipe at a 45-
degree angle.

CONCENTRIC REDUCER it joins two pipes of different sizes with the

same centerline.

ECCENTRIC REDUCER it has different size ends that enable joining of

two pipes of different diameters.

SWAGE REDUCER joins two pipes of different sizes.

CAP it is used to close openings. If threaded, it is a female.

PLUG it is used to close openings with a male thread.

COUPLING it joins two pieces of pipes together.

REDUCING COUPLING a coupling used to connect pipes with

different diameters.

NIPPLE used as an extension for valves and some other fittings.

UNION connects two pieces of pipe and allows for disconnection

with no cutting needed.

BUSHING it reduces the sizes of fittings to a smaller diameter.

 WELDOLET used for buttweld branch connection where standard
tee is not available due to size restrictions and the piping is critical
and high-pressure service connection.

SOCKOLET used for socket welding of a branch connection.

THREADOLET is a side connection or branch connection on a piece

of pipe. It typically is in the size range of to 2 and is welded over a
hole either drilled or burned in the pipe.

CHICAGO FITTING also called a crows foot fitting due to its shape. It
is a one quarter turn fitting used for attaching pipes together. It is
used on both high-pressure gas and fluid lines. It has an advantage is
that there is no male and female fitting, both fittings are identical.

STEAM TRAP traps the condensate in the steam line.

Y-TYPE STRAINER used for trapping large solid materials and allows
liquid to pass through.