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Peat Regulation Briefer March2014 PDF
Peat Regulation Briefer March2014 PDF
Tropical peatland forests represent a unique ecosystem. Any change to the natural balance
between water, soil and vegetation will result in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Peatlands are
formed when waterlogging delays the decay of organic material mostly vegetation and
collects over thousands of years. It is estimated that peatlands globally hold 20-35% of the
i ii
world's terrestrial carbon . Indonesias peatlands store almost 60 billion tonnes of carbon , nearly
iii
six times more than all the carbon humans emitted in 2011 .
When peatlands are drained, the stored carbon reacts with oxygen in the air to release carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere. The dry peat also becomes highly flammable, increasing the risk of
large-scale and long-term smouldering underground fires. Consequently, as new Greenpeace
iv
map analysis shows, almost 76 per cent of recent fire hotspots in Indonesia are on peatland .
More than 86 per cent of the fire hotspots occurring in the area protected by the moratorium are
v
on peatland , despite the moratoriums stated goal to temporarily halt new land clearance in these
vi
areas .
Indonesia's peatlands cover less than 0.1 per cent of the Earth's surface but through draining and
vii
fires are already responsible for 4 per cent of global GHG emissions every year , making
Indonesia one of the top global carbon emitters.
Peatlands should not only be protected to eliminate an important source of climate-changing GHG
emissions. Peatland forests largely overlap with critical wildlife habitat of endangered species like
viii
the Sumatran tiger and the orang-utan .
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The main drivers of peatland destruction in Indonesia are palm oil and pulp plantations , draining
the areas and making them prone to fires. Mapping evidence shows the extent to which the
plantation sector is undermining the Indonesian governments climate commitments through
continued forest and peatland destruction. Almost 5.5 million hectares of oil palm and pulp
concessions across Indonesia overlap with peatlands and around 50 per cent of recent fire
x
hotspots on peatland are inside those concessions .
Greenpeace International
Ottho Heldringstraat 5
1066 AZ Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 20 7182000
greenpeace.org
Appendix 1
PH I LIP P I NE S
Sea
na
50'0"N
50'0"N
Chi
th
Sou
MA LAY S IA
00'0"
rim
at
a
Kalimantan
it
St
Sumatra
ra
ra
it
St
Sulawesi
r
Maluku
sa
as
ak
M
Papua
50'0"S
50'0"S
Java Sea
Banda Sea
In
di
an
O
ce Java
an
Bali Nusa Tenggara Arafur u S ea
EAST TIMOR
100'0"S
100'0"S
0 120 240 480
1000'0"E
720 960
Km E 1100'0"E 1200'0"E 1300'0"E
AU S TR A LI A
1400'0"E
Legend:
MORATORIUM REV.5 :
Data sources :
PEAT (5.47 MILLIONS HA)
1. Indonesia Peat Land
Analysis and map produced by Greenpeace Indonesia, March 2014
PRIMARY FOREST (59.14 MILLIONS HA) provided by Wetlands International 2006, updated on 2014 in locations:
Central Kalimantan, Jambi, and South Sumatera
2. Fire Hotspot
provided by NASA, digital data downloaded from website:
http://earthdata.nasa.gov/data/near-real-time-data/firms/active-fire-data
3. Moratorium Area
Map projections using World Mercator with parameters : provided by Planology Directorate, Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia 2013, digital data downloaded from website:
Central_Meridian: 117.0 http://www.ukp.go.id/informasi-publik/cat_view/20-geospasial
Standard_Parallel_1: -2.5
Appendix 2
P H ILIP P IN E S
Sea
na
50'0"N
50'0"N
Chi
th
Sou
MA LAY S IA
Ka
00'0"
00'0"
ri
m
at
a
Kalimantan
t
St
i
Sumatra
ra
ra
it
St
Sulawesi
r
Maluku
sa
as
ak
M
Papua
50'0"S
50'0"S
Java Sea
Banda Sea
In
di
an
O
ce Java
an
Bali Nusa Tenggara Arafuru Sea
EAST TIMOR
100'0"S
100'0"S
0 120 240 480
1000'0"E
720 960
Km E 1100'0"E 1200'0"E 1300'0"E
AU S TR A LIA
1400'0"E
Legend:
FIRE HOTSPOTS, Feb 1st - March 2nd 2014 :
NATIONAL BOUNDARY 1- Total of FHS in Indonesia : 11.288
COASTLINE 2- FHS on peat land area : 8.542 or 75.7 % from total FHS
3- FHS on peat land inside Palm Oil concessions : 2.160 or 25,3% from FHS in whole peat land
PEAT (20.6 MILLIONS HA) 4- FHS on peat land inside Pulp & paper concessions : 2.387 or 27,9% from FHS in whole peat land
CONCESSIONS : 5- FHS on peat land inside the concessions : 4.150 or 48.6% from FHS in whole peat land
HTI Concession (12.34 millions Ha) Data sources :
1. Indonesia Peat Land
2.78 millions Ha in Peat Area provided by Wetlands International 2006, updated on 2014 in locations: Central Kalimantan, Jambi, and South Sumatera
2. Fire Hotspot
Palm Oil Concession (15.26 millions Ha) provided by NASA, digital data downloaded from website: http://earthdata.nasa.gov/data/near-real-time-data/firms/active-fire-data
3. HTI Concession
2.68 millions Ha in Peat Area MoFor (2010) HTI concession maps, provided by the Planning Department of the Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia, downloaded September 2010
Analysis and map produced by Greenpeace Indonesia, March 2014
(http://appgis.dephut.go.id/appgis/kml.aspx ). Updated with
1) MoFor (2010) Pemanfaatan Hutan, Data dan Informasi, 2010, MoFor , November 2010, www.dephut.go.id/files/Buku_pemanfaatan_2010.pdf and
2) MoF (2011), online WebGis Kehutanan, online interactive map http://webgis.dephut.go.id/ditplanjs/index.html accessed May 12 2011
4. Palm Oil Concession
Map projections using World Mercator with parameters : Greenpeace (2013) based on agriculture plantations maps, provided by the Planning Department of the Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia,
Central_Meridian: 117.0 downloaded on July 29, 2010 (appgis.dephut.go.id/appgis/kml.aspx), supplemented and updated by Greenpeace in Riau and Kalimantan
with data gathered from provincial planning agencies (BAPEDA) and various plantation companies.
Standard_Parallel_1: -2.5
Appendix 3
P H ILIP P IN E S
Sea
na
50'0"N
50'0"N
Chi
th
Sou
MA LAY S IA
Ka
00'0"
00'0"
ri
m
at
a
Kalimantan
t
St
i
Sumatra
ra
ra
it
St
Sulawesi
r
Maluku
sa
as
ak
M
Papua
50'0"S
50'0"S
Java Sea
Banda Sea
In
di
an
O
ce Java
an
Bali Nusa Tenggara Arafuru Sea
EAST TIMOR
100'0"S
100'0"S
0 120 240 480
1000'0"E
720 960
Km E 1100'0"E 1200'0"E 1300'0"E
AU S TR A LIA
1400'0"E
Legend: