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A-Level Biology A2 Ocr Module 3 and 4 Revision Pack Answers
A-Level Biology A2 Ocr Module 3 and 4 Revision Pack Answers
meristematic/pluripotent/totipotent/cambial/undifferentiated, tissue;
sterile conditions;
nutrient medium to encourage, division/mitosis;
produces callus;
subdivided;
different (nutrient) medium to encourage differentiation;
detail of either medium; e.g. named nutrient or plant growth substance
grows to plantlet;
hardening medium/sterile soil; max 5
[5]
2. tissue
1 meristematic ;
2 undifferentiated / totipotent / able to develop into any cell type /
unspecialised ;
3 (cells) can still divide / undergo mitosis ;
4 virus free ; max 2
sterilising agent
5 aseptic technique ;
6 prevent, growth of / contamination by, bacteria / fungi ;
7 could overwhelm / grow faster than / compete with, plant tissue ;
A AW max 2
cytokinins, auxins
8 plant growth, regulator / promoter / hormone ;
9 cytokinins stimulate, shoot / stem, growth / many branches ;
10 auxins stimulate growth of, root / root hairs ; max 2
magnesium, nitrate ions, sucrose
11 magnesium for, chlorophyll / photosynthesis ;
12 nitrate (ions) needed for, protein / enzyme / chlorophyll / named chemical ;
13 sucrose converted to, glucose / fructose / monosaccharide ;
14 used in, respiration / release energy ; max 3
15 AVP ; e.g. further detail e.g. cytokinins stimulate cell division
no vascular tissue therefore disease free 6 max
(c)
difficulty maintaining a constant t emperature ; one mark for ref to difficulty of
difficulty maintaining a constant pH ; controlling environmental factors
heating / cooling, qualified ;
foaming ;
blocking of, inlet / outlet, tubes ;
difficulties with, mixing / stirring ;
contamination / keeping it sterile ;
conditions need to be continuously monitored ;
nutrient requirements may change ;
AVP ;
AVP ; e.g. algal growth on glass
difficulties in providing sufficient light
errors lead to loss of several days production of Chlorella max 4
[15]
10. (a) starts with previously uncolonised area / bare ground / bare rock / AW;
ref to pioneer species / named pioneer;
series of recognisable, seres / stages;
progresses to, climax / final equilibrium stage; max 2
11. population;
habitat;
community;
ecosystem;
(first) trophic; R tropic
producers/(photo) autotrophs/autotrophic;
(primary) consumers/heterotrophs/heterotrophic/herbivore;
R carnivore/other qualified consumer 7
[7]
13. 1 eutrophication ;
2 increased growth of, algae / seaweeds ;
3 block, light / space ;
4 ref to competition ;
5 (so) alters food chain / example ;
6 decomposition of, sewage / dead organisms ;
7 ref to aerobic bacteria / increased BOD / less oxygen in water ;
8 fish / sea slugs / sponges / corals, die ; (linked to oxygen loss)
9 AVP ; e.g. increased mineral nutrients increases susceptibility of corals to
disease,
increased numbers of anaerobic species, ref to heavy metal toxicity 4 max
[4]
14. (i) higher, number / proportion / percentage / ratio / fraction, of mounds
have thyme ;
(c.f. quadrats) ora
A figs, e.g. ⅔ vs ½ , 2:1 vs 1:1, 36 vs 24 1
(ii) look for a statement and a reason
use smaller quadrat ; e.g. 50 cm × 50 cm
for fair test ; AW
use grid and random numbers ;
throwing keys biased ; AW
estimate, percentage cover / abundance ; A point (frame) quadrat
may be single plants in some samples and many in others ;
bigger study area / more data ; (keep equal numbers mounds and quadrats)
improves reliability / AW ;
record other plants ;
could influence thyme ;
measure / note, abiotic variables ; A example
explanation of how named variable affects thyme ;
AVP ;
AVP ; 4 max
[5]
18. mark (i) and (ii) to max 3 each – the question to max 4
(i) nitrifying bacteria
+ –
convert, ammonium / NH4 , to , nitrate III / nitrite / NO2 ;
A ammonia / NH3
-
nitrite , converted to , nitrate (V) / NO3 ;
A one mark for single step ‘ammonium to nitrate (V)’
requires , aerobic conditions / oxygen / aerated soil;
(nitrate (V) ions) can be , taken up / used , by plants;
(c) ban on import of wood from, tropical rain forests / unsustainable sources ;
introduce labelling system for wood ;
trade sanctions on countries that continue to remove rain forests ;
schemes / financial support, for setting up of sustainable use of rain forests ;
development of ecotourism ;
educate local population as to importance of rain forests ;
forest reserves established ;
AVP ;
AVP ; e.g. debt relief
fair trade schemes
quotas max 3
[15]
21. (i) depends on plant growth regulators ; A plant growth substances / plant hormones
named plant growth regulator ;
produced in a variety of tissues ;
may have effect at a distance ;
move, cell to cell / by diffusion / by active transport / via vascular tissue
via a named vascular tissue / via plasmodesmata ;
different effects in different tissues ;
different effects when acting together ; 2 max
(ii) coordinate, growth / development / activities, of different parts ;
respond to internal changes ;
respond to, external / environmental / e.g. environmental, change ;
AVP ; e.g. comparison with animals 2 max
[4]
2+
23. (calcium ions/Ca ) released from sarcoplasmic reticulum;
bind to troponin;
troponin changes shape;
troponin/tropomyosin, moves;
myosin binding site exposed;
myosin head binds (to actin); 3 max
[3]