By

Gaurav Kumar (U11EE082)

Mohammad Anas (U11EE099)
 U.S. is the 2nd largest energy consumer in
terms of total use in 2010.
U.S. ranks seventh in energy consumption
per-capita after Canada and a number of
small nations.
About 80% of the electricity in the U.S. is
generated by private utilities.
The remaining electricity is produced by
federal agencies.
 Heres where the top 100 biggest power
plants are -West Coast and the
Northeast have a reasonably
diverse (and low-coal) mix
of power generation
-In the Midwest and South,
its mostly coal and nuclear
 Now, thats where the power plants are, but even
more interesting is the when. Heres a chart that
shows how much and what kind of power generation
has been built since 1940:
 The main energy sources for electricity
generation include (2012):
a)Thermal/Fossil 776 GW
b)Nuclear 102 GW
c)Hydropower 79 GW
d)Wind 59 GW
 The share of coal and nuclear in power generation is much higher than
their share in installed capacity, because coal and nuclear plants
provide base load and thus are running longer hours than natural gas
and petroleum plants which typically provide peak load, while wind
turbines and solar plants produce electricity when they can.
 There are two major alternating current (AC)
power grid in North America
a)Eastern Interconnection and
b)Western Interconnection
There are two minor power grids in the U.S.
a)Alaska Interconnection and
b)Texas Interconnection
The Eastern, Western and Texas Interconnections
are tied together at various points with DC
interconnects allowing electrical power to be
transmitted throughout the U.S., Canada and
parts of Mexico.
 The transmission grids are operated
by transmission system operators (TSOs)
TSOs not-for profit companies that are
typically owned by the utilities in their
respective service area
TSOs can by of two types:
a) Independent System Operators(ISOs)
b) Regional Transmission
Organizations(RTOs)
The ISOs operate within a single state and the
RTOs cover wider areas crossing state
borders.
 In 2009 there were four RTOs in the U.S.:
a)ISO New England
b)Midwest Independent Transmission System
Operator
c)PJM Interconnection in the Mid-Atlantic
region
d)Southwest Power Pool (SPP)
There are also three ISOs:
a)California Independent System
Operator (California ISO);
b)New York Independent System
Operator (NYISO);
c)Electric Reliability Council of Texas(ERCOT,
an ISO).