rs - CUMENTS.” CURRY J pia : s “wUscriprs IN THE, BO * aNd OTHER ta¥ OXFORD LIBRARIES og \N @RIIES. VOL. 1—PART V kn %! 3 x. at flat or em HE DHARMA-SAMGRAHA ¥ ANCIENT COLLECTION OF BLDDHIST TECHNICAL CLRM FeERArEY TOR PULLS ATION TY KLNJIU KASAWARKA Ae bo mT Ente t rfeM pana AND APTZE NEE WERTH PPLE Fy FO MARK MULITR aso HOWES/ZET Oifard AT TH+ CLARESDGN TRESS(Unpur the general tile of Anecdote Oxonivnsia, it is proposed to publish materials, chiefly inedited, taken direct from MSS, those preserved in the Bod- feran and other Oxford Libraries to have the first claim to publication, These materials will be (1) unpublished texts and documents, or extracts therefrom, swith or withaut translations; or (2) texts which, although not anpubbshed, are unknown in the form in which they are to be printed in the Anecdola; ot {g) texts which, in their published form, are difficult of access through the ex- ceeding rarity of the printed copies; or (4) collations of valuable MSS.; or {g) notices and descriptions of certam MSS,, or dissertations on the history, nature, and value thereof The materuals will be tssued in four Series:—~ I, The Classrcat Series, IL The Serhe Series. IL The Aryan Series. IV. The Afediarcal aud Afodern Serits.)TEXTS, DOCUMENTS, AND EXTRACTS™ CHIEFLY FROM MANUSCRIPTS IN THE BODLEIAN AND OTHER, OXFORD LIBRARIES ARYAN SERIES. VOL. I--PART V THE DHARMA-SAMGRAHA AN ANCIENT COLLECTION OF BUDDHIST TECHNICAL TERMS PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION BY KENJIU KASAWARA Ve A BUDDHIST PRIEST FROM JAPAN, AND AFTER HIS DEATH EDITED BY F MAX MULLER ann H. WENZEL Oxford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1885 Lt rights reserved)Zonbor HENRY FROWDE Oxrorp UM eRstty PREss WAREROUSE Amey Connea, ECTHE DHARMA-SAMCRAHA ‘AN ANCIENT COLLECTION oF BUDDHIST TECHNICAL TERMS e PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION BY KENJIU KASAWARA A BUDDHIST PRIZST FROM JAPAN AND AFTER HIS DRATH EDITED BY *, MAX MULLER any H. WENZEL Oxlord AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1885 Cai rights veered ]oubou HENRY FROWDE Oxrorp University PRESS WAREIHOUsh Amen Cogner, EC. 4PREFACE. Tus edition of the text of the Dharma-samgraha, with notes and indices, will, I hope, serve as a lasting monument of a most conscientious, laborious, and amiable Buddhist priest, Kenjiu Kasawara, who arrived in England in 1876, became my pupil in Sansktit from 1879-82, and died shortly after his return to his native country, in 1883. T have given an account of him and his fellow-student, Bunyiu Nanjio, .in my ‘Biographical Essays’ (Longmans, 1884), and 7 shall here quote a few lines only, in order to enable Sanskrit scholars, who may not have read these Essays, to form some idea of what this promising young student was. ‘Kasawara’s hfe at Oxford was very monotonous, He allowed himself no pleasures of any kind, and took little exercise. He did not smoke, or drink, or read novels or newspapers. He worked on day after day, often for weeks sceing no one and talking to no one but to me and his fellow-worker, Bunyiu Nanjio. He spoke and wrote English correctly, he learnt some Latin, alse a little French, and studied some of the classical English books on history and philosophy. Ne might have become 2 most useful man after his return to Japan, for he was not only able to appreciate all that was good in European civilisation, but retained a certain national pride, and would never have become a mere imitator of the West Elis manners were perfect—thcy were the natural manners of an unselfish man. As to his character, all I can say is that, though I watched him for a Jong time, I never found any guile in him, and I doubt whether; during the last four years, Oxford possessed a purer and nobler soul among her students than this poor Buddhist priest. Buddhism may indeed be proud of such a man = During the last ycar of hig stay at Oxford I observed signs of depression in him, though he never complained. T persuaded him to sce a doctor, and the doctor at once declared that my young frend was in an advanced stage of consumption, and advised him to go home. He never flinched, and I still hear the quiet tone in which . u (IL 5 JPREFACE. iit terms, which form one of the greatest difficulties to the students of Buddhism, I copied neatly the whole of it, and made frequent use of it in my lectures. After a time Kenjiu Kasawara expressed a wish to copy the text for himself, and 1 then encouraged him to prepare a critical edition of it. Though a critical edition was, perhaps, hardly called for in the case of a text like the Dharma-saregraha, Kasawara copied the MS. of the India Office very carefully, and afterwards collated it with a MS. and with a fragment of another MS. at Cambridge. The MS. of the India Office, No. 2932, one of those presented by Mr. B. H’ Hodgson, is most carelessly written, and in some parts quite illegible. The MSS. at Cambridge are better, but of little assistance in really difficult passages. If I say that a critical edition was, perhaps, hardly called for, I do not mean to undervalue the collation which we owe to Mr. Kasawara; all T mean is that ia most cases we found that the correctness or incorrect- ness of the technical terms had to be settled by independent evidence rather than by the various readings of our MSS. The collation having once been made, it was thought best to priat it. . ‘Though neither I nor Dr. Wenzel can be responsible for its accuracy, I may say that whenever I was Jed to test it by reference to the India Office MS., which was lent to me through the kindness of Dr. Rost, the learned librarizh of the India Office, I found Kasawara quite as dependable #8 most European editors. The collation becomes important whenever a question arises as to certain words or classes of words being included or excluded from our text. Thus our text knows of nine Afzas only, like the Hinaydna, not of twelve, like the Mahayana. The four Devis, the five Rakehts, the ten Krodhas, and the six Yoginis are wasupported by the ambridge MS, and by the Chinese Version. Here the comparative list of the chapters contained in the Sanskrit MSS., and in the Chinese Version, will prove very instructive, Mere blunders, which could be of no in \ ¢: rected without special remarks, Thes, though alias wise aa Vit read Zaturlokapalid, we have Printed Aatviro Tolz Wh not ber Aaturlokapalis is j : sapalaz, not because Apllid is impossible (it might be, th i worlds), but because it is acai Oat ne buatdians of the four rf against the character of the Dharma-samgraha, Where the principal object throughout is to give the number of terms baw PREFACE. in cach paragraph. Where a passage was completely unintelligible to us, we have said so in the Notes. While reading this and other Sanskrit texts with me, Kasawara had prepared a large number of notes, consisting chiefly of references to books (which he had been studying at Oxford. Dr. Wenzel has had the kindness to revise and arrange these notes, and he has himself added new references _ to the works of Koppen, Kern, Cunningham, Oldenberg, Wassiljew, and to ‘Tibetan authorities. He wishes, however, to have it clearly understood that he is not responsible for the accuracy of quotations from the Maha- vyutpatti, the Abhidharmakosa, and other works, chiefly Chinese, which Kasawara had made from MSS., not accessible to Dr. Wenzel. The order of the quotations is generally the following. The Pati words are given immediately after the Sanskrit words, Then follow: {1) The Buddhist Sanskrit works and their Tibetan translations; (2) the Pali sources, i.e, Childers and whatever has appeared after him; and, finally, (3) the European authors who have discussed the subject, Of these last the principal works oaly have been cited, and only their more important passiges. Sometimes, at the end, some other Sanskrit works have been ndded which may happen to mention the same subject. The translations have mostly been given after Childers, but with constant regatd to later authorities. As to the arrangement of the Dharma-sangraha itself, no certain plan is discermble in the disposition of its matter, Sometimes kindred, subjects follow each other, but they are also scattered here and there through the whole work. So, for instance, we find the cosmological terms enumerated in sections 4-13, 86-91, 120~129; other groups are the Bhodhipaksluka-charmas (sccts. 43-50), the four divisions of cach of the four Noble Truths (sects. 97-100), the three classes of ovch of the ten Paramités (sects, 105-114); the divisions of Sabda, Rasa, Gandha, Sparsa (scets. 35-38), etc, Most of the Dharmilokamuhhas of the fourth chapter of the Lakta- vistara are found in our collection, viz.: Sect. 15, ep. Dharmal. 84 and 84; 16, ep. 24-173 17. Op. 87-925 39, Cp. 945 21, ep. 48-533 44-50, Ope 52~ 825 54, op 8-135 55, Cp: 1R-2t, 64, cp. f08 and 1095 10%, ep. 51, 195, Bad 1055 LIF, Cp QF~1Oe%LIST OF BOOKS QUOTED. v LIST OF BOOKS QUOTED IN THE NOTES. Anecdota Oxoniensia, Buddhist Texts from Japan. I. Vagrakthedika- The Diamond-Cutter. Edited by F. Max Muller, M A. Buddhist Texts from Japan. TI. Sukhivati-Vydha- Description of Sukhivatt, the Land of Biss, Edited by F. Max Muller, M.A, and Bunyiu Nanjto, With two Appendices; (1) Text and Translation of Safighavarman's Chinese Version of the Poetical Portions of the Sukhvar!-Vytha; (2) Sanskrit Text of the Smaller Sukhivatt-Vytha, Buddmst Texts from Japan lJ. The Ancient Palm-Leaves containing the Pragié-Paramiti-Hridaya-Sitra and the Ushstsha-Vigaya-Dhfarax? Edited by F, Max Maller, M.A, and Bunytu Nanjio, M.A. With an Appendix by G, Buhler, C.1 E. Abhidharma-kosa and -vyakhy3. Beal (S.}, Buddhism in China., London, 1884. Bendall (C.), Catalogue of the Buddhist Sanskrit MSS, in the University Library, Cambndge 1883. . Burnouf, Introduction 3 l'histoire du Buddhisme Indien Paris, 1844, Le Lotus de la bonne lo: * Panis, 1852. Childers, Pali Dichonery. London, 1843. Colebrooke (H. T.), Miscellaneous Essays, ed. E, B Conell London, 1873. Cowell (E. B) and Eggeling (J), Catalogue of the Buddiust Sanskrit MSS. of the Royal Asiatic Society 187g. Desgodins, La mission du Tibet de 185541870 Verdun, 2872, Dulva, the first part of the Kanjar, ‘Vinaya,' see Feer. Entel (Rey E, T.), Handbook for the Student of Chinese Buddhism. London, 1830, . Feer (L.}, Analyse du Kandjour, recuéil des livres sacrés du Tabet par Aley, Csoma de Koros, tradmt de anglais (Annales du Musde Guimet, sol 1), Lyons, 1881. os Fragments extrnty da Kandjour, traduit par (Ann. Mus, Guim vol.v), Gitaka, ed VW. Fausboll. 3 sols, London, 1875-83. transtated by T.W. Rhys Davids Volt, London, 1880. Hardy (Spence), Manual of Buddhism, London, 1853 Eastern Monachism London, 1850, ——— Legends and Theories of the Buddhists. London, 1866.vi. LIST OF BOOXS QuarzD, , - Hemsdandra, Abhidhinadintimani, ed, O, Bochilngk and Ch. Rieu. St. - Petersburg, 1874, _7 Hodgson (BH), Essays on the Literature of Nepal. London, Trbbaer, 1874. Kem (H), Geschiedenis van het Raddhigme in Indi¢ (Haarlem, 1882~84), and translated into German by 1. Jacobi (Leipzig, 1882-84), The pages are those of the original, as given in the translation, Koppen (C. F.}, Die Religion des Buddha, 2 vols. Berhn, 1857 and 1859, Kuitavagga, sol, ut of the Vinaya Pika; see Vinaya Texts. “Labtavistara, ed, Ragendralila Mitra, Calcutta, 1877, . Mahivagga,vol, i of the Vinaya Paka; see Vinaya Texts, Mahdvastu. ed E Senart. Voli Paris, 1882, ‘Mahdvyutpatin Max Miller (FJ, Dhammapada, translated from Pali, Sacred Books of the Eest, vol, x; see also Buddhist Texts from Japan. . Mdo., the fifth part of the Kenjur, ‘ Sfitra;” see Feer, Oldenberg, Buddha, translated from the German by W. Hoey, London, 1882, PAbitiya, wn vol, a of the Vinaya Evaka. Parigika, n vol sii of the Vinaya Prsaka. Phol Afen, the third part of the Kanjur, ‘Buddhivatamsaka ;’ cee Fer, Puggala-pafifatti, ed, Rev, Richard Morris, London, 1883 Reyud, the seventh part of he Ranyur, ‘Tantra;” see Feer, Rhys Davids (F W)}, Buddhism London, 2877. Saddharmapundarika, text copied by Kasawara, translated by H. Kem (Oxford, 1884), Sacred Books of the East, vol xxi. Schlagintwert (E.}, Buddhism in Tibet, Leipzig and London, 1863. Scnart, Estar sur fa Kégende du Buddha, Pans, 1882. Sukbivati-V}6ha, ed. by F. Max Moller and Bunyin Nanjio; sce Anccdota Oromensia, . ‘Taranitha Geschichte des Buddhismus in Indien, Uebersetzt von A. Schiefner, St. Petersburg, 1869. . ‘Trigloite (Buddhustische}, ed. A. Sehiefner, St. Petersburg, 1859. The numbers refer ta fol, and in brackets to the sechons. YVanaya Pifaka, ed. H. Oldenberg. 5 tols, London, sBy9~83. ‘Vinaya Texts, Sacred Books of the East, vols, sui, xvu, xx, ‘Translated from the Pah by T, W. Rhys Davids and Hermann Oldenberg, Parti, ‘The Pitmokkha. The Mahivagga, L-IV. 1 The Tibetans always write Térandtha,LIST OF BOOKS QUOTED, - vil Part ii, The Mahavagga: V-X. The Mullavagga, [HTL Part iu. The Xwlavagga, IV-XIL- Wassijew, Der Buddhismus. Aus dem Russtschen -tbersetet (Schiefner), St. Petersburg, 1860, The pages are those of the Russfan original, printed in the margin of the German translation. Walson (H. H.), Essays and Lectures, ed. R, Rost. Vol, ii, London, 1862.AY TET Uy AAG aaerafetes WaT MEAT WATT: L Wa Hee araitfa cata aaa gat wa: trata mT u. “atte areafa wad waaqeaed Hata Bir I. (OM Gans | wea v Foamsaedt cachrais faariisaafateata a . I =India Office Library MS? C. =: Cambridge MS. Fix: Cambridge Fragment [Add. ryor. 2]. Ch. Vcthe Chinete Version, Pr wh yarn warns Weep waTaMATeTE A wingatinga® where & weal Tareas Tera y° aT tad C. read CRG. 5 C. omits HoH. "1. only omits this section, °c rearry, © The eections from the 3rd to the 13th are not found in C. P. nor in the Ch.Version. a* (IM 3)2 WaT IV, amet er: 1 aera “ ‘Treat an vige wre Sf a V. Oe tet: 1 ere . afract ‘Meanaee are sarqaritet shat Aft a Vi. BR RAAT | aT faonh fret fen aga: erag iy are: wre aratt a , VIL, OAT SH RaTETT: | TTT WRT fault race: gacetn VHL, Ret SPR: | TENT . Sat aah ree: Ga Earths argh a IX, Ol ATTA * quafrerenireg wer gat: 1 X, SYST PRATT | TET A enramraaad we: ga yer ut “Yrendsqgeeh. *Amarginal note mI gaves thy sq ehh 1 rence wieD. ‘ior, owt. The NSS, read TEM iaTER. Grommiticn! mustekes of this character have been corrected, mthout giving all the various sendhngs, Thfrews, Laan. 9" Leqafire 3,n waeag: 3 . XL SN AMT | TAT Wat Wai: Wataa faatirarsacefaesn a- weal aa Taller sai XU. Sret rfieran: t wear e A ceri ag safety: aa awe fair: waft u XI Saag: raat aaa ae deat dared vfs BAA XIV. ‘Safaurgqacgsn “wae deat USAT UTTAR ifaaate: ufowant Sf 0 lpg, fl ofa, So Ledfimtin. +idart 3 canter untagat u etangers wal: moTerefnertiek ear nan AMT Bay wt afetfarrmnfaatimick Uy nan seTgIataan awa: pt yprie warfcdk GEgatcaT ugh Taad A qeafefe facut nda we ® yes wale feck aifuferatere: wan xfa eRtrardtweye a atfesdrearafesfa fafa 1 As 1s seen, C. gives only a fivefold Pagds I. and F. give only six: J. deat, wa amt, sate, fyorert, wna, Sifefasteng; ond Big, Syn, BATT, wgiteat, wit, afore Sen The bst given im the text ds in accordance with that in the Chusese Version, im which, ag in ¥,, GAT is substituted for > faycome. °C. and F, omit Tae. . Be4 / 0 weezy XV. ifia qpressyertfa n afufatiene snvafayferarcracafvenratrn SVL SRT wafaera a At wear afghan Sra *RVIL We UTChARE tt ammnefaat ierarfat wifienciinar She fam earrorcf verorefaat Si 0 XVIU, ee orciaanr TUfarrasyard nfefiste art Sf 1 XIX. wart agrarian aa “fuaaradady aaa aft 0 Xx. arfivat i feaneifeerats “orfarard qifarnaqayfiraife- ata nu 1 shite Tora F and Ch Version, Three Roots”? In Cy and Ch,Y, this section fs placed Lefore section 19: * This ection 1s ommtted mF and CY, 4 Lote TSM, which seems mended for FATA; but C. and F, omt this word, end enumerste from TATRA to HAT, which i directly felloned by SUTa and the other Hore Taymtis, SRSURE MMT. Onin. Taman pen ard. Serie, 91,0 wither, P weferaficr wlrugity,WHAT A 78 Xx SRT AT rent agen FATT ariafa i XXL Wt Sat cad Feat dat ‘enc Paar Vi wu XXL EATS ST: Maaniinnfaghhtatagrrarren afc °Xxiv. BTemradatfa qa ttsarafaerarrraTaaatia RaTUWATA- erdaranaia Sfa uv XXV. WTS UTAae U . . aa tanrafrereatteaiemerrer td ATs sreghsara ara Parra Paar are rrr era a ett Harare arate ti Ly omits Wee, * Frade the word M7 to each ofthe four words. * F, adds HY to each of the five words “1, datefanrar Sf and C. warafagarata. #7 and GC. frghantT Ts F. inser's THT between NTA and GN, which reading is correct, © F, and Ch, V.Jeave out from sect. 24 to sect. 41. Twa. 8 5, wawUTd S. 97, C wing wamrate, 30 wit. Day were eat, &e. 27, Cua es, Cie out, ML aafeara Sf,6° wee XXVL WARTS STM! | ae ‘et ord fer wat et wel vidt a: mat Taahirata XXVIL Feat fafaur PN BME ITaT Vat 0 XXVIL MATRA ‘Vafatmeariarat & xxix. emt fafa: a - wa forangadenc: Prefirnteercratir a xxx. faadpetencrenrfiaa t were t Fen da arn ee eel aft: ahaa sate: wanfas THATS: ‘aafereten ghomrm- PoP Sea sheet NG Are Vara: °sidherarel ee SHAT RATATAT A Sareea Ey ay elt ana Arar wel falar ” frre Pearcy a * Thoseedton somuted mC. * LTRRUT, real whet or te. 8G, gee georgette, 1 FRRRA. > C. omits there tro long words, and pastes from Tito rbertle ofthe next ecction. * Leitoutml, TLetoutinC. * Cee. Tome Morte. “teat ware 0, eee, 3 y, Surg and C30, “years, 3 attend Card, 29 F Wents CRIT; Mebaryutpatts BRT; end Abhidh Vyakbys, fol.ze7 01.2, WRTe, £1, Crafers afraroats; Mehicpetpatti frat frees,