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Power Quality Intro PDF
Power Quality Intro PDF
Systems Quality
Yiting Zhao
yitingzh@buffalo.edu
Chapter 1
Introduction
What Is Power Quality?
P=VI
V--consistent
controled by power supply system
I --varied by partivular load
Utilities
Economic Customers
Suppliers of load equipment
Chapter 2
Surge
Impulsive Transients
An impulsive transient is a sudden, non
nonpower
frequency change in the steady-state condition of
voltage, current, or both that is unidirectional in
polarity (primarily either positive or negative).
For example
1.2 50-
50-ss 2000-volt
1.250-
(V)
Oscillatory Transients
An oscillatory transient is a sudden, non
nonpower
frequency change in the steady-state condition of
voltage, current, or both, that includes both positive
and negative polarity values
high-frequency transient
medium-frequency transient
low-frequency transient
Long-Duration Voltage Variations
Long-duration variations encompass root-mean-
square (rms) devia-tions at power frequencies for
longer than 1 min.
Overvoltages
Undervolt-ages
Overvoltages
An overvoltage is an increase in the rms ac voltage
greater than 110 percent at the power frequency for a
duration longer than 1 min.
P21
P21
Sags (dips)
A sag is a decrease to between 0.1 and 0.9 pu in rms
voltage or current at the power frequency for durations
from 0.5 cycle to 1 min.
Swells
A swell is defined as an increase to between 1.1 and 1.8
pu in rms voltage or current at the power frequency for
durations from 0.5 cycle to 1 min.
2.8
2.8
Voltage Imbalance
The maximum deviation from the average of the
three-phase volt-ages or currents, divided by the
average of the three-phase voltages or
currents, expressed in percent.
Waveform Distortion
A steady-state deviation from an ideal sine wave of
power frequency principally characterized by the
spectral content of the deviation.
There are five primary types of waveform
distortion:
DC offset
Harmonics
Interharmonics
Notching
Noise
Voltage Fluctuation
Systematic variations of the voltage envelope or a series
of random voltage changes, the magnitude of which does
not normally exceed the voltage ranges
Voltage Imbalance (voltage
unbalance)
The maximum deviation from the average of the
three-phase volt-ages or currents, divided by the
average of the three-phase voltages or
currents, expressed in percent.
Flicker
Pst--short-term flicker sensation
Plt--long-term flicker sensation
Power Frequency Variations
Power frequency variations are defined as the deviation
of the power system fundamental frequency from it
specified nominal value (e.g., 50 or 60 Hz)
Power Quality Terms
Thank you~