MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY – “BACTERIA”

BACTERIAL DISEASE (includes general GRAM

BACTERIAL SPECIES SHAPE ARRANGEMENT MODE OF TRANSMISSION
GROUP symptoms) REACTION
A. Bacillus Via ingestion and may also take place via wounds,
rod-shaped with streptobacillus
Bacillus anthracis Anthrax positive minor scratches and skin abrasions, and
square ends (chain)
inhalation
Growth of bacteria in food with subsequent
streptobacillus production of
rod-shaped
Bacillus cereus B. cereus food poisoning (chain) or bacillus positive Enterotoxin OR ingestion of large numbers of
(bacillus)
(single) spores followed by their germination and
enterotoxin production in the ileum
single, light and
Clostridium botulinum Botulism rod-shaped positive Ingestion of food with preformed toxin.
heavy chains
Clostridial myoncerosis (gas single, light Eating foods highly contaminated with
Clostridium perfringens rod-shaped positive
gangrene) chains C.perfringens
Transmission primarily occurs when a wound is
Clostridium tetani Tetanus (lockjaw) rod-shaped pairs and chains positive contaminated by soil that contains Clostridium
tetani spores
Direct respiratory or physical contact with
streptobacillus Patient or carrier; more rarely with articles soiled
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diphtheria rod-shaped (chain), bacillus positive with discharges from lesions
(single) or pair Of infected persons; raw milk has served as a
vehicle
Bowel to mouth, via contaminated food or water.
streptobacillus
Diarrhea, occasionally kidney straight, round Person to person
Eschirichia coli (chain) or bacillus negative
failure ended rods Transmission has also been implicated in some
(single)
outbreaks

Fecal-oral route; organism first colonizes the

streptobacillus
mouth and throat, then are carried to lung via
Klebsiella pneumoniae Bronchopneumonia rod-shaped (chain), bacillus negative
inspired air or aspirated mucous; may also be
(single) or pair
transmitted via hands of hospital personnel

Legionnaire’s disease, Pontiac Via the inhalation of contaminated aerosolized

Legionella pneumophila rod-shaped single negative
fever water droplets by a susceptible human being
Mycobacterium leprae Leprosy rod-shaped bacillus (single) positive Mode of transmission is apparent and still under
 investigation until now but human-to-human
or pairs
direct contact was first generally accepted
small rod- acid-fast Airborne; you only need as many as 30 cells to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis single
shaped Gram-positive colonize a host.
Via contaminated food, particularly poultry, meat,
spherical, some single, light milk, eggs and egg products, but also raw
Salmonella spp. Salmonellosis negative
are rod-shaped chains vegetables. Person-to-person transmission can
occur in areas where hygiene is poor
single, pairs and
Salmonella typhi Typhoid fever rod-shaped negative Ingestion of human feces containing S. Typhi
light chains
Ingestion of foods of animal origin, including
poultry, red meats, unpasteurized milk, and eggs
Salmonella typhimurium Salmonella gastroenteritis rod-shaped cluster (tetrad) negative
that have been contaminated by infected animals
or an infected human
streptobacillus
Shigella dysenteriae Bacillary dysentery rod-shaped (chain), bacillus negative Via fecal-oral contact
(single) or pair
Person-to-person via the fecal-oral route,
Shigella spp. Shigellosis rod-shaped single, clusters negative contaminated water
And lettuce
Human-to-human, animal-to-human, or via
Yersinia enterocolitica Yersiniosis, gastroenteritis spherical single, clusters negative environmental
Sources such as food and water
Fleas; bacteria multiply and block the flea
single, short esophagus and pharynx; the fleas regurgitate the
Yersinia pestis Plague rod-shaped negative
chains bacteria when they take a blood meal thus
transmitting the bacteria

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Mesenteric lymphadenitis rod-shaped single negative Fecal-oral route from infected animals or humans,
ingestion of contaminated food and water
Trachoma, urethritis, cervicitis, spherical
B. Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis single, pairs negative Spread by coughing and by nasal drops
conjunctivitis (coccus)
C. Coccobacillus single or in
Bordetella pertussis Pertussis (whooping cough) spherical negative Inhalation of respiratory droplets
clusters
Brucella spp. Undulant fever spherical single negative Contact with contaminated blood & tissue.
Ingestion of contaminated milk.
 Meningitis, bacterial short and long
Haemophilus influenzae rod-shaped negative Inhalation of respiratory droplets
pneumonia chains
Through contact with infectious respiratory
Haemophilus pertussis Pertussis (whooping cough) rod-shaped negative secretions. Droplet contact and close person-to-
person contact
coffee bean-
Gonorrhoea, pelivic
Neisseria gonorrhoeae shaped pairs negative Via sexual transmission
inflammatory disease
(spherical)
single, light Human-to-human transmission through
Neisseria meningitdiis Meningitis spherical negative
clusters inhalation of respiratory droplets
Skin infections, vomiting,
staphylococcus
diarrhea, toxic shock Growth of organisms and subsequent toxin
Staphylococcus aureus spherical (grape-like positive
syndrome, pneumonia, production in food
D. Coccus clusters)
meningitis
Ear infections, pneumonia, Inhalation of infected droplets and direct contact
Streptococcus pneumoniae spherical chains or pairs positive
meningitis with a carrier
Direct person-to-person contact, inhalation of
Streptococcus pyogenes Strep throat, rheumatic fever spherical chains or pairs positive
infected droplets
diplo
Direct person-to-person contact, inhalation of
Streptococcus spp. Scarlet fever, puerperal fever spherical -streptococci positive
infected droplets
(pairs)
Listeriosis, perinatal
E. Listeria Listeria monocytogenes rod-shaped single positive Fecal-oral route, eating contaminated food
septicaemia, meningitis
No cell wall thus
characterizing
F. Mycoplasma Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia negative Inhalation of aerosol
pleomorphic
forms
Epidemic typhus, Brill-Zinsser
Rickettsia prowazekil Rod-shaped positive Typhus fever transmitted by body louse
disease (spread by lice)
Rocky mountain spotted fever diplococcic
G. Rickettsia Rickettsia rickettsil Rod-shaped negative Rocky mountain fever
(spread by ticks) (pairs)
Endemic typhus (murine
Rickettsia typhi Rod-shaped single, pair positive Typhus fever
typhus, spread by rat fleas)
H. Spirillus Campylobacter fetus jejuni Campylobacteriosis, (bacterial curve single negative Bowel-to-mouth transmission via contaminated
diarrhoeal illness), which may food or water
 occasionally lead to Guillaine
Barrè syndrome
Spirillum minor Rat-bite fever Rod-shaped single negative Rat-bite fever
Treponema pallidum Syphilis spiral single negative Sexual contact
Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme Disease Flat-wave single negative Agent of Lyme disease
I. Spirochete Gastritis, gastric and duodenal
Helicobacter pylori spiral single negative Chronic low level inflammation of stomach
ulcers, gastric cancer
Leptospira interrogans Leptospirosis, Weil’s Disease spiral tightly coiled negative Contact of skin in water, moist soil
Gastroenteritis, septicaemia,
Aeromonas hydrophila cellulitis, wound infections, Rod-shaped single negative Drinking unsterilized water
urinary tract infections
Plesiomonas shigelloides Gastroenteritis, diarrhea Rod-shaped negative Eating fresh water fish and shellfish
Via contaminated food or water; person to
person spread
Vibrio cholerae 01 Epidemic cholera straight or curve pair negative
Occurs only where personal hygiene and
sanitation are poor
J. Vibrio
ingestion via a foodborne route, but also from
Vibrio cholerae non-01 Gastroenteritis spiral single, pair negative contact between broken skin and contaminated
water
V. parahemolyticus –
Vibrio parahemolyticus Rod-shaped negative Contaminated shell fish
associated gastroenteritis
Wound infections,
Vibrio vulnificus gastroenteritis, primary Rod-shaped negative Food poisoning
septicaemia

References: http://www.tjclarkinc.com/

http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/MicrobeWiki

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/shape/shape.html

http://www.icd-online.org/an/courspdf/WHO-ICD%20FSN%202000%20(pdf)/FSN-2000%20PDF/PATPROF.pdf

http://www.sunysccc.edu/

http://www.wikipedia.org/