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Selection of SPDs
Selection of SPDs
Selection of SPDs
10
MB SB SA
1. Determining the protective zone (per PN-EN 62305, part 1) Power
supply
and the boundary transitions. conductor
EBB
2. Determination of the expected surge current for typical examples. 200 kA (100%)
Lightning
2.a. Example of an exposed structure (e.g. radio base stations, waterworks, conductor
(LPS)
RTV transmitter, etc.)
Assume lightning current sharing as:
50% to LPS, 50% to the power supply pole
MB
(Iimp / 2) / n = (200 kA / 2) / 4 = 25 kA 10/350 s Power
supply
100 kA (50%)
conductor EBB
Iimp / pole = 25 kA 10/350 s
where: 100 kA (50%)
n - number of conductors (to simplify calculations, the influence
of gas, water and other conductors are omitted).
In each conductor a maximum current value of 25 kA 10/350 s
can be expected. Iimp - point of strike
200 kA (100%)
2.b. Example of two adjacent structures
Lightning
(with same earthing resistance) conductor
(LPS)
Assume lightning current sharing as:
50% - LPS
50% - Iimp = (Iimp / 2) / (1 + RA / RB) = 100 kA / 2 = 50 kA 10/350 s
MB MB
Iimp / pole = Iimp / n = 50 kA / 4 = 12,5 kA 10/350 s Power
supply
50 kA (25%)
conductor EBB EBB
In this example we can expect the same distribution 50 kA (25%)
in both structures and in all conductors and a maximum
expected current Iimp of 12,5 kA per conductor. 100 kA (50%)
RA RA = RB RB
2.c. Example of two structures not in close vicinity
(earthing resistance is not the same)
Iimp - point of strike
Assume lightning current sharing as:
200 kA (100%)
50% - LPS
Lightning
conductor
(LPS)
RA 1 RA = RB RB 2
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Selection of SPDs
11
Example 2. c is the most common distribution of current: i.e. 40% to the structure
having the lower earthing resistance and 10% to the one with the higher resistance,
and equivalent distribution of current along the individual conductors. In reality
the specific installation to be protected may not be identical to one of the preceding
examples, in which case the closest one should be chosen and the maximum
expected current / pole of the SPD used.
UOC and ISC are values with which EMC immunity is tested.
where:
Up protection level of SPD [kV]
U inductive voltage drop U = (L x di) / dt
Ui dielectric strength of device [kV] in accordance with installation category
(from I to IV)
Uprot voltage sensed by the device
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Selection of SPDs
12
The protection level of SPDs also determines the length of the conductors.
The length of the conductors contributes an additional inductive voltage drop Influence of conductor length
as follows:
A typical conductor has a distributed inductance of approximately 1 H/m, which
at a current rate of rise of 1 kA/s contributes approximately 1 kV per meter length. a
Protected
device
U = (L di) / dt
U = 5 H (1 kA / s) = 5 kV =5 m =a+b
L=5 H
b
To eliminate the effect of lead length, these should be kept as short as possible,
or a V-type connection to the SPDs hould be used, as shown below:
Uprot Ui
Uprot = Up + U
Uprot = 1,3 kV + 5 kV
Uprot = 6,3 kV
Uprot = Ui (category I)
Additional SPD
or reduce length
of connection conductors
Rule: the cross sectional area of the earthing conductor used to install and SPD
should be not less than:
16 mm2 - SPD class I
6 mm2 - SPD class II, III
or in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
[kV]
1,60
1,55
1,50
1,45
1,40
1,35
1,30 1
1,25
1,20
1,15
1,10
2
1,05
1,00
0,95 Note: manufacturers usually only
0,90 provide the value of Up and In.
0,85
A complete graph as provided above
0,80
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 is more useful (see beside) as it
[kA] allows for more precise coordination
of the SPD and the withstand level
1. Up for 8/20 s waveshape (indirect lightning)
of the equipment to be protected.
2. Up for 10/350 s waveshape (direct lightning)
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Selection of SPDs
13
YES
Select Up (protection level SPD class I), PROTECTION
determine Uprot Ui/2 COMPLETE
NO
YES
Select Up2 (protection level SPD class II),
determine Uprot2 Ui/2
NO
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