1 LF - bt1001 - E01 - 1 Lte Overview 76

LTE Overview
ZTE University
Objects
After the course,you will:

Know Mobile Network Evolution
Know LTE Protocol Standard
Master the LTE Architecture
Understand LTE Key Technology
Master the eNodeB Function
Know ZTE LTE Solution
Contents
Mobile Network Evolution

LTE Architecture and Benefits
LTE Key Technology
ZTE LTE Solution
Drivers of Mobile Network Evolution
Big Profitability
Transition
User
Experience/
Dependency
Wireless Internet - A New Paradigm for Mobile Communication
ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Evolution Trend of Mobile Technology
GSM GPRS EDGE eEDGE
TD- MC-HSPA TDD

HSPA
SCDMA MBMS
LTE
WCDMA HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+
R99 R5 R6 R7
MBMS 4G
FDD
cdma 2000 EV-DO

cdma 1x cdma 2000
EV-DO Rev. A
EV-DO
UMB
Rev. B
802.16 d 802.16 e 802.16 m
2G 2.5G 2.75G 3G 3.5G 3.75G 3.9G 4G

Multi-Standards Coexist : OFDM, OFDMA and MIMO, basic technologies in different standards, are
employed in multi wireless access technology.
Multi-frequency Coexistence: More frequency bands are available and standardized.
Mobile Broadband: Increase spectrum utilization; reduce the cost of wireless data services; ready for
multimedia-based services.
Evolution of Speed

Technologies Comparison
802.16e (WiMAX) HSPA+ LTE

FEATURE
TDD OFDMA FDD WCDMA FDD OFDMA

MIMO 64QAM MIMO 64QAM DL TDD SC-FDMA
BW: 1.25 ~ 20MHz 16QAM UL MIMO 64QAM
BW: 5MHz 1.4 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 20MHz

DATA RATE
63.36Mbps DL 42Mbps DL 150Mbps DL

2*2 10MHz 2*2 5MHz 2*2 20MHz
28.22Mbps UL 11.5Mbps UL 75Mbps UL

2*2 10MHz 5MHz 2*2 20MHz
STANDARD
2005.12 2008. Q3 2009. Q3

3G spectrum
New spectrum 3G spectrum
New spectrum

Organizations Leading in LTE Ecosystem
NGMN
3GPP LSTI
Standard

Key Requirements
Enhanced
Coverage
Peak Data Rate

Enhanced
Spectrum DL100Mbps
Efficiency
UL50Mbps
Less Latency
Variety of CP100ms
Bandwidth
UP5ms
Less OPEX
and CAPEX

Contents

LTE Key Technology
ZTE LTE Solution
LTE/SAE System Architecture Evolution
PCRF: Policy and Charging Rules Function
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
GERAN
MME: Mobile Management Entity
SGSN HSS
UTRAN
S3 S6a
S1-MME
MME PCRF
S4 S7 Rx+
S11
S10
LTE-Uu
S5 SGi
Serving PDN Operator's IP Services
UE E-UTRAN
S1-U
Gateway Gateway (e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)

E-UTRAN Structure
MME / S-GW MME / S-GW
Mobility Management
EPC Serving Gateway
S1 Interface between
EPS MME/SGW & eNodeB
eNodeB
RNC
E- Node B eNodeB
X2 X2
UTRAN
X2
eNodeB eNodeB
+ =
Interface between
eNodeBs
Only one Node in E-UTRAN eNodeB Flexible band width

Evolved Packet Core EPC Higher spectrum efficiency
Evolved Packet System EPS High peak rate, Lower latency

EUTRAN/EPC Function Module

eNodeB Function
Radio Resource Management
Compression and encryption
Selection MME
Routing
eNodeB Scheduling and transmission
Measurement and measurement reporting

CSG handling

MME Function
NAS signalling
AS Security control
Idle mode UE Reachability
Tracking Area list management
PDN GW/Serving GW/MME/SGSN
MME Roaming
Authentication

SGW Function
Mobility anchoring
E-UTRAN idle mode downlink packet

buffering and initiation
Lawful Interception
Packet routeing and forwarding
SGW
Transport level packet marking
UL and DL charging per UE, PDN

PDN GW Function
Per-user based packet filtering
Lawful Interception
UE IP address allocation
Transport level packet marking in the

downlink
UL and DL service level charging, gating

PDN GW and rate enforcement;
DL rate enforcement based on AMBR

Compare the Architecture of LTE with 3G
IM S
MGW
MGCF PSTN
Ip ne tw ork P /I/S -C S C F
PS CS
EPC PCRF
P D N -G W GGSN GMSC
CN
MME S -G W HSS SGSN M S C /V LR
Iu
S1
RNC RNC
eN o de B e N od e B RAN
X2 N od e B N o de B
E -U T R A N UTRAN

Flat and IP-based Network Architecture for LTE
WCDMA/HSPA LTE Flat Structure Without RNC
MSCS
Less investment
GGSN
MME x-GW
HLR HSS PCRF
Easy maintenance
SGSN
EPC Reduce transmission
MGW
RNC RNC delay
IP Backbone IP Backbone Better reliability
Node B Node B eNode B eNode B

MME/x-GW
Integrates CN & partial
RNC functions
eNode B
Flat network structure and IP-based network can reduce Full function of Node B
the TCO of LTE network. and major function of
RNC

LTE Characteristics
LTE Key Technologies LTE Highlights
Higher Peak Data Rate:
Instantaneous data rate of 150Mbps
for downlink and 50Mbps for uplink
in 20MHz
OFDM Modulation 64QAM

Higher Spectrum Efficiency: 3-4
times of HSDPA, 2-3 times of HSUPA
LTE Requirements
Flexible Spectrum Allocation:

Scalable channel bandwidth
configuration, Support both FDD &
TDD
Better Business Experience: Lower

latency with less than 5ms in ideal
conditions

Evolution Path of LTE Standards
LTE LTE-A
R8 R9 R10 R11
Data Service Data & VoIP LTE-Advanced

Commercial Large-scale commercial Higher efficiency and
Ready networking throughput
So far, initial commercial Large scale commercial

deployments are mainly networking begins from
based on R8 2011-2012
R8 can fulfill the requirements of initial commercialization;

R10 is a complete version for large-scale commercialization

LTE Frequency and Bandwidth
E-UTRAN Band UL: eNode B receive, UE transmit DL: eNode B transmit, UE receive Duplex
Mode
FUL_low FUL_high FDL_low FDL_high
1 1920 MHz 1980 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHz FDD
5 824 MHz 849 MHz 869 MHz 894MHz FDD
9 1749.9 MHz 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 MHz 1879.9 MHz FDD
11 1427.9 MHz 1452.9 MHz 1475.9 MHz 1500.9 MHz FDD
12 [TBD] [TBD] [TBD] [TBD] FDD
...
33 1900 MHz 1920 MHz 1900 MHz 1920 MHz TDD
39 1880 MHz - 1920 MHz 1880 MHz - 1920 MHz TDD
40 2300 MHz - 2400 MHz 2300 MHz - 2400 MHz TDD

Strong and Healthy LTE Industry Chain
3GPP Org. Chipset Terminals Network Instruments

Partners Provider Provider Provider Provider

LTE Benefits for Operators and Users
User Experience ARPU Investment Protection
Throughput Latency Reuse of

Sites and
infrastructure
Backhauling
Frequency bands
HSPA LTE HSPA LTE
Low Cost per Mbps Scalable bandwidth
Optimized spectrum usage

cost per Mbps
3G HSPA HSPA+ LTE

LTE Enriches the Mobile Services
Mobile Broadband Changes the Future Life
Video Sharing
Mobile Email
Video Blog
Netmeeting
Video Chat
HD Video
Conference Information
Video on Mobile
Demand Shopping
Online Game Mobile Bank
HD video Mobile Stock
streanming
LTE improves user experience by high capacity,

quick response, high data-rate and better QoS.

LTE Improves Broadband Applications
Live Video/ Video Blogging

Online Gaming <50 ms Latency DL 6-8Mbps/UL 2Mbps
Permanent Sync. HD Video Streaming (720i or 1080i)

DL/UL 1-2Mbps DL 6-10Mbps

LTE Investment World Map

Contents
LTE Key Technology
ZTE LTE Solution
Key Technology Evolution
1G 2G 3G LTE
FDMA TDMA CDMA OFDM+MIMO+IP
LTE enhanced technology: OFDM, MIMO

LTE Key Technology Overview
OFDM
MIMO
AMC
HARQ
Channel Scheduling and Fast Scheduling
ICIC (Inter Cell Interference Cancellation)

Link Adaptive Technology
Link adaptive technology can be realized by two methods: power

control and data speed control.
Normally, the link adaptive technology is data speed control. In
LTE, it is the Adaptive Modulation and Coding technology. AMC
can make eNode B duly adjust modulation mode(QPSK, 16QAM,
64QAM) and coding rate according to channel status which is
feed back by UE.
For the long-delay packet data, AMC can improve the system
capacity but no interference to the neighbor cell.

Link Adaptive Technology-Power Control
Dynamically adjust Tx power, maintain the receivers SNR,
consequently guarantee link transmission quality.
When the channel condition becomes worse, it needs increasing Tx
power; when the channel condition becomes better, it needs reducing
Tx power. Then this can guarantee the invariable transmission data
speed.
Power control can avoid inner-cell users interference
Tx Power
Channel Quality Data Speed

Link Adaptive Technology-AMC
SINR
Modulation mode Coding speed

UE 3
adaptive adaptive UE 2
UE 1
Make the best of channel condition

to transmit user data TTI 1 TTI 2 TTI 3 TTI k TTI m
Time
Better Conditionuse higher speed

transmit user data
Worse Condition use lower speed
transmit user data
Time Domain-AMC
Frequency Domain -AMC
Space Domain-AMC

Link Adaptive Technology-AMC
To ensure link quality can be realized by adjusting modulation mode
and coding speed when the Tx power is not changeable.
When the channel condition is worse, choose the lower modulation
mode and data speed.
When the channel condition is better, choose the higher modulation
mode and data speed.
Data control can make the best of all

power
Tx Power Channel Quality Data Speed

Link Adaptive Technology-LTE Uplink and Downlink
Adaptive CQI Modulation Coding speed x Efficiency
1024
0 Out of scale
LTE uplink adaptive
1 QPSK 78 0.1523
technology is based on uplink
2 QPSK 120 0.2344
channel quality tested by BS, 3 QPSK 193 0.3770
and straightly confirm the 4 QPSK 308 0.6016
modulation mode and coding 5 QPSK 449 0.8770
speed. 6 QPSK 602 1.1758
7 16QAM 378 1.4766
LTE downlink adaptive
8 16QAM 490 1.9141
technology is based on CQI 9 16QAM 616 2.4063
feed back by UE and select 10 64QAM 466 2.7305
the corresponding modulation 11 64QAM 567 3.3223
mode and coding speed from 12 64QAM 666 3.9023

13 64QAM 772 4.5234
pre-defined table.
14 64QAM 873 5.1152
15 64QAM 948 5.5547

HARQ
FECForward Error Correction

ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuest
HARQ=FEC+ARQ

FEC Communication System
Data FEC FEC Data

Channel
Transmission Coding Decoding Receiver
Advantage: Disadvantage:
Higher system transmission efficiency Lower reliability
Automatic error correct, no feed back Lower channel adaptive ability
and retransmission To guarantee higher reliability, it needs
Lower time delay longer code. So the coding efficiency is
lower, the complexity and cost are higher.

ARQ Communication System
Data Data
Channel
Transmission Receiver
ACK/NACK
Advantage: Disadvantage:
Complexity is lower Continuity and real-time ability is
Reliability is higher lower
Adaptability is higher Transmission efficiency is lower

HARQ Mechanism
Forward
Channel
FEC Coding FEC error verify and check
After receiving ACK,

transmit the next packet After receiving the correct
After receiving NACK, packet, send the ACK.
retransmit the original Otherwise, send NACK.
Reverse
packet
Controller
HARQ combines ARQ high reliability and FEC high efficiency

HARQ Characteristic
N-Process Stop-and-Wait
HARQ transmits and retransmits the transmission block.
Downlink
Asynchronous adaptive HARQ
ACK/NACK is transmitted by PUCCH or PUSCH.
PDCCH indicates HARQ program number, initial transmission or
retransmission.
Retransmission always is always scheduled by PDCCH.
Uplink
Synchronous HARQ
Configure the maximum retransmission times for each UE.
ACK/NACK is transmitted by PHICH.

HARQ- adaptive/non-adaptive HARQ
The HARQ processing is introduced into 3GPP from R5 HSDPA, and reused in
LTE.
eNodeB supports both Chase-Combing (CC) HARQ and Incremental-
Redundancy (IR) HARQ. CC HARQ uses the same redundancy version (RV)
among all the transmission and retransmissions. IR HARQ uses the different
redundancy version (RV) among all the transmission and retransmissions, to
achieve the maximum combining gain.
The DL HARQ in LTE is an asynchronous adaptive one, which means the
retransmission can be arranged at any time after NACK is received for last
transmission, and the retransmission can use wireless resources different
with that of last transmission.
eNodeB supports UL synchronous non-adaptive and adaptive HARQ
processing, which means the retransmission have to occur in dedicated sub-
frame after NACK is received for last transmission, while the retransmission
can use the same or different wireless resources from last transmission.

Channel Scheduling(1)
For one resource block, it will select the user with the best
channel transmission condition to schedule to maximize the
system throughput.
Multi-user diversity
Channel Quality BS valid channel change
User1
User2
User3
time

Channel Scheduling(2)
LTE supports channel scheduling based on frequency domain.
Time domain decline

Time domain decline
DownlinkBased on common
reference signal User#1 scheduling
UplinkBased on test reference User#2 scheduling
signal

Fast Scheduling
Fast scheduling is namely packet scheduling. It means fast service.
Scheduling Principle
Round Robin(RR)
Max C/I
Proportional Fairness(PF)
Scheduling Methods: TDM, FDM, SDM

Fast Scheduling
Each user is served one by one, and
has the same average server time. But
Polling based on time
the flux for each user is different due to
the diverse environment.
No matter what kind of environment the

user is located in, the user can be
Polling based on flux served one by one and be guaranteed
to get the same flux.
System will trace the wireless

channels C/I of each user, and confirm
Max C/I the users priority by C/I to ensure the
served user at each moment have the
maximum C/I
Integrate the methods above, look after
PF the most portion users satisfaction, and
guarantee the higher system
throughput.
ICIC
ICIC(Inter Cell Interference Cancellation)

Scrambling
Frequency-Hopping Transmit
Beamforming and IRC
Inter Cell Interference Coordination
Power Control

ICIC-Scrambling
LTE makes use of sequence randomization to avoid inter cell interference.

Normally, scrambling is after the channel coding, and before the modulation. It is
bit-scrambling.
PDSCHPUCCH format 2/2a/2bPUSCHScrambling sequence is related with UE id, cell id and slot
start position.
PMCH Scrambling sequence is related with MBSFN id and slot start position.
PBCHPCFICHPDCCH Scrambling sequence is related with cell id and slot start position.
PHICHs scrambling is after modulation when the sequence is expanding

Scrambling sequence is related with cell id and slot start position.
User 1
interleaving
Scrambling

ICIC- Frequency Hopping Transmit
LTE supports Frequency-Hopping transmission in downlink and uplink, it can

randomize the inter cell interference.
Except PBCH, the other downlink physical control channels resource mapping is related with
cell id.
PDSCH, PUSCH and PUCCHs Frequency Hopping transmission is in sub-frame.
PUSCHs Frequency Hopping transmission happens among the sub-frames.

ICIC-Beamforming
Increase the expected users signal strength.

Decrease the interference to the other users.
Specially, if beamforming has known the location of the user who was
interfered, it will reduce the power to this location.
expected user
Interfered user

ICIC-IRC
IRC (Interference Rejection Combining)

When the receiver has multi-antennas, the receiver can use the multi-antennas
to decrease the inter-users interference. The principle is to weight the received
signal, restrain the strong interference.
Target BS Interference BS
downlink
uplink
Interference MS

ICIC- Inter Cell Interference Coordination(1)
LTE supports static ICIC algorithms. And there is no load information

exchange through X2 interface for static ICIC.
Based on RSRP measurement on serving cell and neighboring cells of the
same frequency, UE can be divided into two groups: cell center users and cell
edge users. The cell center users, whose received signal strengthen of serving
cell is better than neighbors, are not likely to interfere or be interfered by users
in neighbor cells;
Based on cell topology and frequency division method (Fractional FR or Soft
FR), all PRB resources can be classified into cell edge preference and cell
center dedicated PRBs, without overlapping. These PRB resources can be
allocated statically, or semi-statically;
The frequency reuse factor for Fractional FR is 1 for cell central users, and 3
for cell edge users.
ICIC- Inter Cell Interference Coordination(2)
Frequency Resource Coordination Power Resource Coordination

ICIC-Power Control
Inter-Cell Power Control

To control the target cell IoT by informing the IoT to the other cell.
Intra-Cell Power Control

Compensate the path loss and shadow fading to save the UE transmission
power, try to decrease the interference to the other cells, keep the IoT under
a certain level.
Expected Signal
Target Cell
TPC Overload Indicator Non-Target Cell

Power Control
Power control is used in PUSCH, PUSCH and SRS.

PUSCH TPC is given by PUSCHs scheduling signaling(DCI format 0) or multiplexed with other
users TPC(DCI format 3/3A).
PUCCHs TPC is given by PDSCHs scheduling signaling(DCI format 0) or multiplexed with other
users TPC(DCI format 3/3A).
SRS has no specific TPC, it borrows PUSCHTPC, and be informed the power warp by higher
layer.

Contents

LTE Key Technology
ZTE LTE Solution
Product Solution
Transport Solution
Antenna Solution
Terminal Solution
ZTE All-around LTE Solution
UE E-UTRAN EPC
HSS PCRF
Handset Rural
Transmission
Network
IMS
Dense Hot-
Urban
Express
Urban spot
card Suburban Home Internet
eNodeB
MME/SGW PGW
USB
dongle
B8200+ B8300+
CPE BS8800 BS8900 Femto ENB
R8860 Micro/Pico RRU

Full Series LTE Product Line
WITH VOICE
LTE TERMINAL SOLUTION
SINGLE RAN &

LTE ACCESS PLUS
MICROWAVE
LTE TRANSPORT
uMAC
LTE CORE
xGW

ZTE Unified Radio Sub-System Platform
One Network Target
GSM/EDGE UMTS/HSPA TD-

TD-SCDMA CDMA2000 WiMAX LTE
GSM/EDGE
ZTE Universal SDR Platform UMTS/HSPA
LTE
Distributed IntegratedUniversal
RRU
RRU
RSU Features
MicroTCA architecture
Multi-Standard support
Baseband sharing and
BBU
software configurable
RRU sharing and
BBU
software configurable
Future-Proof Platform with Smooth Evolution Support

GSM/LTE Dual-mode System to Co-existence
with UMTS
ZTE SDR Platform
09 Q3 launch GSM LTE
LTE hardware ready
Cost effective solution
GSM/LTE Dual-mode Platform
+10 years GSM system G/L dual-mode LTE system
1. Replace by GSM/LTE 2. Software upgrade

dual-mode system

UMTS/LTE Dual-mode System to Prove Future
Evolution
UMTS/LTE System UMTS/LTE System
Existed GSM system
GSM System
2. GSM replace by
U/L system
1. Build a new UMTS/LTE
dual-mode system
3. Software upgrade
LTE system
UMTS LTE
UMTS/LTE dual-mode Platform

ZTE SDR Based Uni-RAN Solution
GSM & WCDMA CN

IP based LTE
& SAE BSC/RNC backhaul
RRU@2.6GHz
LTE & UMTS

S1 Iub/Abis
LTE, GSM, UMTS

Baseband Unit
RRU @2.1GHz
LTE & GSM

Distributed system
RRU @900/1800MHz
architecture
Multimode operation

ZTE Unified O&M Solution
NMS/OSS/ 3rd Party

BSS
NMS/OSS/BSS
EMS CORBA SNMP FILE ASCII DB
FM/PM/CM/IM FM FM/PM/CM/IM FM FM/PM/CM/IM
Fault Performance Configuration

NetNumenTM M31 Management Management Management
Accounting SON Security

Management Functions Management
Inventory System Topology

Management Management Management
NE
BSS UTRAN EPS TD-SCDMA WiMAX

Contents

LTE Key Technology
ZTE LTE Solution
Product Solution
Transport Solution
Antenna Solution
Terminal Solution
LTE Backhaul Transmission Bandwidth
Requirement
S1_MME
ePC
eNB
MME
S1_MME
S11
X2_U
X2_C
S1_U
S-GW
eNB S1_U
O&M i/f
O&M i/f O&M

System

64
HKCSL LTE Trial Network Architecture
To GE
Internet
BMI BPO
2/3G 2/3G
BMP core core
xGW 7609
MME 6513
Fiber 6513 6513 6513 6513
OAM switch 01 02 01 02
Server
(FTP, 8902 8902 8902 8902 8902 8902 8902 8902
WWW) 01 02 91 92 01 02 91 92
LTE core site
TRAXC
NWT WTT HGC
OMM
eNB eNB eNB eNB eNB eNB

HKCSL LTE Trial QoS Requirement

HKCSL LTE Trial QoS Solution
GE BMI
To 2/3G core
router
Internet xGW
MME
Fiber
6513 6513
OAM switch 01 02
Server
(FTP, IEEE1588v2 8902 8902 8902 8902
WWW) Grand Master 01 02 91 92
Server
LTE core site
L2 service
provider
Service COS tag Service COS tag DSCP
UMTS/GSM signal 7 UMTS/GSM signal 7 high
UMTS/GSM VoIP/conference 6 UMTS/GSM VoIP/conference 6 high
UMTS/GMS stream media 5 UMTS/GMS stream media 5 high
UMTS/GSM WWW/FTP 4 UMTS/GSM WWW/FTP 4 middle
UMTS/GSM best effort 3 UMTS/GSM best effort 3 middle
LTE signal 2 ZXR2818s LTE signal 2 low
LTE VoIP/stream 1 LTE VoIP/stream 1 low
LTE background 0 LTE background 0 low
eNB UMTS GSM

HKCSL LTE Trial Security Solution
AAA Server
DHCP Server
xGW
Secure domain
IP/MPLS
xGW
SR SR xGW
Security gateway
DPI
802.1x Access Authentication

IPSec ACL
Traffic Injection Policing
Non-secure
e-NB e-NB e-NB e-NB e-NB
domain

HKCSL LTE Trial DHCP server Deployment
xGW
DHCP Server
MME
DHCP
request
OAM
Router DHCP Relay
LTE Core site
GE Multicast flow
DHCP request
Unicast flow
L2 service provider
DHCP reply
eNB eNB eNB eNB eNB

Contents
LTE Key Technology
ZTE LTE Solution
Product Solution
Transport Solution
Antenna Solution
Terminal Solution
Scheme
1:GSM900+GSM1800/UMTS2100+LTE2600
900M 1710-2170M 1920-2690M
2.6GHz LTE involved
1800/2100
combiner
900M 1800M 2100M 2600M

GSM GSM UMTS LTE
RRU RRU RRU RRU

Scheme
2:GSM900+GSM1800+UMTS2100/LTE1800
900M 1710-2170M 1920-2690M
1.8GHz LTE involved

Tips : intra-band
combination lead around 3
db loss
1800/2100
combiner
900M 1800M 2100M 1800M

GSM GSM UMTS LTE
RRU RRU RRU RRU

Scheme3:GSM900+GSM1800/UMTS2100
+ LTE1800 /LTE2600
900M 1710-2170M 1920-2690M
2.6GHz LTE and 1.8GHz co-

site
1800/2100 1800/2600
combiner combiner
900M 1800M 2100M 1800M 2600M

GSM GSM UMTS LTE LTE
RRU RRU RRU RRU RRU

Contents
LTE Key Technology
ZTE LTE Solution
Product Solution
Transport Solution
Antenna Solution
Terminal Solution
IOT with third part
ES FPGA IOT test
FFA(2.6GHz)
(700MHz) (ongoing)
Sept.09 Oct.09 Apr.10
09 Dec. IOT start

(2.6GHz) 10.Mar. IOT start
(1.8GHz)
N 09 Oct. PHY IOT

(2.6GHz)
09 Dec. L1/L2/L3 IOT
(2.6GHz)
S1/S11 IOT
C (2.6GHz)
Nov.09
09Q3 09Q4 10Q1 10Q2 10Q3

1 LF - bt1001 - E01 - 1 Lte Overview 76

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LTE Overview

After the course,you will:

Mobile Network Evolution

Wireless Internet - A New Paradigm for Mobile Communication

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

GSM GPRS EDGE eEDGE

TD- MC-HSPA TDD

cdma 2000 EV-DO

2G 2.5G 2.75G 3G 3.5G 3.75G 3.9G 4G

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

802.16e (WiMAX) HSPA+ LTE

TDD OFDMA FDD WCDMA FDD OFDMA

BW: 5MHz 1.4 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 20MHz

63.36Mbps DL 42Mbps DL 150Mbps DL

28.22Mbps UL 11.5Mbps UL 75Mbps UL

2005.12 2008. Q3 2009. Q3

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Peak Data Rate

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Mobile Network Evolution

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

MME / S-GW MME / S-GW

Only one Node in E-UTRAN eNodeB Flexible band width

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Radio Resource Management

Compression and encryption

eNodeB Scheduling and transmission

Measurement and measurement reporting

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Idle mode UE Reachability

Tracking Area list management

PDN GW/Serving GW/MME/SGSN

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

E-UTRAN idle mode downlink packet

Packet routeing and forwarding

UL and DL charging per UE, PDN

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Per-user based packet filtering

Transport level packet marking in the

UL and DL service level charging, gating

DL rate enforcement based on AMBR

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

MME S -G W HSS SGSN M S C /V LR

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

RNC RNC delay

IP Backbone IP Backbone Better reliability

Node B Node B eNode B eNode B

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

OFDM Modulation 64QAM

Flexible Spectrum Allocation:

Better Business Experience: Lower

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Data Service Data & VoIP LTE-Advanced

So far, initial commercial Large scale commercial

R8 can fulfill the requirements of initial commercialization;

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

3GPP Org. Chipset Terminals Network Instruments

ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

Throughput Latency Reuse of

Low Cost per Mbps Scalable bandwidth