4

(Waterworks Construction)

4.1

4.2

4.3



4.4





4.5



 4 1

4.1






(), ()

.
2522, . 2510

, . .
2535, . 2522

2




,

4.2

2556
 4
2

. .. 2542

..
2550


50 .. ,
0.80 . 0.50 ..
100 ,

1.50 . 50 ..
1 ../

4.3

4.3.1

 4 3

(WHO)

, ,
, ,
, , ,

4.3.2


, ,
,
(Operator)

1. (Coagulation)
2. (Flocculation)
3. (Sedimentation)
4. (Filtation)
5. (Disinflection)

2556
 4
4

, ,
,

,
, ,

(
) (CONVENTIONAL)


(SOLID CONTACT
TANK), (PULSATOR TANK, SLUGDE
BLANKET)

(Operator)
(CONVENTIONAL)

2
,



,

...

, ,

 4 5

4.3.3










,
, ,
,
(HDD)






,

4.4

2556
 4
6

4.4.1










System Head Curve
Pump Charecteristic Curve

(PUMP)

(PRESSURE), (FRICTION) (FLOW)

(PRESSURE)

PSI, Bar, kPA, ksc (PRESSURE
DROP)

 4 7

(HEAD)
PRESSURE LOSS
HEAD LOSS
(FRICTION)

(VISCOSITY),
(PIPE ROUGHNESS)
(VELOSITY)
(FLOW)
../,
/, /


(Q) = (V) x (A)

1.

. (Centrifugal)

. (Rotary)

. (Reciprocating)

. (Special)

2.

2556
 4
8

. (Non-Positive
Displacement)

.
Rotary
Reciprocal

4.4-1

(SYSTEM HEAD CURVE)

(SYSTEM HEAD CURVE)
(TOTAL
DYNAMIC HEAD: TDH)

HEAD

 4 9

(1)
STATIC HEAD
(2)
(FRICTION HEAD LOSS)
(MINOR HEAD LOSS)

(FRICTION
HEAD)
(SYSTEM HEAD CURVE)
(1)
(2)
X
(2)

(1) STATIC HEAD CURVE
(2) FRICTION HEAD CURVE DYNAMIC
HEAD CURVE
(SYSTEM HEAD CURVE)

4.4-2 (SYSTEM HEAD

CURVE)

H-Q HEAD CAPACITY CURVE

2556
 4
10

H-Q HEAD CAPACITY CURVE

H-Q HEAD CAPACITY
CURVE

(DESIGN OPERATING POINT)
(EFFECIENCY)
(DESIGN OPERATING POINT)

H Q (H-Q CURVE) (SYSTEM HEAD

CURVE) H Q

NPSH R H Q


PUMP CHARACTERISTIC
CURVES PERFORMANCE CURVES

4.4-3 PUMP CHARACTERISTIC CURVES

 4
11

(Pump)
CHARACTERISTIC CURVES
(SYSTEM HEAD CURVE)

1.

H-Q
2.
H-Q
3. (OPERATING
POINT)
4. (OPERATING POINT)


(OPERATING POINT)

NPSH R
5.

6.
H-
Q (UNSTABLE)
4.4.2




SYSTEM
HEAD CURVE

2556
 4
12

(AVERAGE DAILY DEMAND)

(MAXIMUM DAILY DEMAND)

1.5


(MAXIMUM HOURLY DEMAND)

2.25

20-30

, REYNOLDS NUMBER,
BERNOULLI,

2
) (MAJOR LOSS)

,
, ,
HAZEN

 4
13

WILLIAM, DARCY-WEISBACH, MANNING

) (MINOR LOSS)

, , ,
,
PVC (POLY VINYL CHLORIDE : HDPE),
( STEEL PIPE : ST), HDPE (HIGH DENSITY
POLYETHYLENE),
GRP (GLASSFIBER REINFORCE POLYESTER : GRP),
(ASBESTOS CEMENT : AC)

PB (POLYBUTYLENE : PB), (GALVANIZES
STEEL : GS), PPR (POLYPROPYLENE COPOLYMER
RANDOM : PPR)

1.

2556
 4
14

2.

 4
15

2556
 4
16

3.

 4
17

2556
 4
18

WATER HAMMER


1.
GATE VALVE, BUTTERFLY VALVE, DIAPHAME
VALVE, GROBE VALVE, PLUG VALVE, BALL VALVE

2. CHECK VALVE, FOOT
VALVE
3. PRESSURE RELIVE VALVE, SURGE
VALVE
4. AIR VALVE
5. BLOW OFF, STAINER
6. PRESURE REDUCING
VALVE, PRESSURE SUSTAINING VALVE
7. FLOW
CONTROL VALVE, FLOAT VALVE

 4
19

4.4.3 (OPEN CHANNEL FLOW)

1.
I. (STEADY FLOW)



II. (UNSTEADY FLOW)

2.
I. (UNIFORM FLOW)

II. (NON-UNIFORM FLOW)

MANNING

2556
 4
20

4.4.4

1. (COAGULATION)



(HYDROPHILIC)
(HYDROPHOBIC)

 4
21

(DESTABILIZATION)
COAGULANT
, (PAC)

(STATIX MIXER) (RAPID MIXER)

JAR TEST
2. (FLOCCULATION)




(CONVENTIONAL)

(SOLID CONTACT
TANK), (PULSATOR TANK, SLUGDE
BLANKET)
3. (SEDIMENTATION)
FLOCCULATION




(CONVENTIONAL)



(SOLID CONTACT
TANK), (PULSATOR TANK, SLUGDE
BLANKET)

2556
 4
22

4. (FILTATION)




2
5. (DISINFLECTION)

2
1. DISINFECTION

2. STERILIZATION DISINFECTION

STERILIZATION DISINFECTION

DISINFECTION
(UV)
(OXIDIZING
POWER)
(UV)



, ,

 4
23

4.5
4.5.1













(PE)



(WATER STOP)

2556
 4
24

HOT DIP GALVANIZE





(HYDRUALIC PROFILE)

15 30 .

4.5.2

 4
25

40 .

100 . 100
.

1.

2556
 4
26

2.

4
2.1


PB


(INTERNAL
BRACING)








0.10 X 0.10 .

2.2

 4
27

...








SHEET PILE

2.3








(PIPE JACKING)
( HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING)



( )

2.4

2556
 4
28

4.5.3




( )

SLEEVE, BLOCK OUT

SHOP DRAWING
SLEEVE


SLEEVE

 4
29

4.5.4
1. (2553),
( ..2553),

2. (2550), .02-
2550,
3. , ,

2556