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電磁解答 PDF
電磁解答 PDF
" =Tartray Vv = af-ya; + xay) (®) cylindrical: Vv =orcag (©) spherical: reag =rysin Bag V =arssin Oag Constant magnitude surfaces are cylinders having the z-axis as their axes. Direction lines are circles in the z = constant planes and centered on the z-axis. 140P1.26. (a) For (2ya;—xay), x dx + 2ydy=0,de=0 a(22+y?)=0,ae=0 Fy EM ae 2g St yPeCy2=@ For the point (1, 2, 3), and the equation is given by +2229, (b) For (xa; + yay+za,), Inx=Iny+In Cy =Inz+In Cp Inx=In Cyy=In Cz x= Ciy= Cx For the point (1, 2, 3), 1=2C,=3C2 C=h.0=4 and the direction line is given by 41PL27. For (sin ¢a,+cos pag), He tan dg, dz=0 Inr=-Incos + In Cy, z= C2 rein z= Inrein ag. 2= Co reos $= C1, z= C2 For the point (2, 2/3, 1), C1=2005 $=1, C2=1 and the direction line is given by cos $= 1, 142P128. For (2.cos 0a,~sin 829), dr___rd0 _rsinodo Teosd==sind= 0 M2 cora0, dp=0 Inr=~2Insin 6+ In Cy, 9= C2 In r+ In sin? @= In Cy, 6= C2 rsin? @= Ci, 9=C2 For the point (2, 2/4, m6), Cy=2sin? Ee and the direction line is given by rsin? 0=1.6= 143,1.29. From symmetry considerations, itis sufficient to consider one of the four charges, as shown in the figure. Thus the force on each Direction is away from the center of the tetrahedron:O 1 1 pi30. F = 4)-—1 a,41 5a, | @-ay * as ay® tor @ +a? 7 * = 4Q2)__ dA 49 @- ye * ra » B= 108% H Fe egy var the origin 145P131. (a) Fora solution to exist, a necessary (but not sufficient) condition is that there must be a point of intersection between the straight lines along the field vectors. Thus the two vectors Ej = (2a, + 2ay +a,) V/m at (2, 2, 3) and Ep = (ay + 2ay + 2a,) at (-1, 0, 3) must lie in a plane, or, the determinant 2 2 1 1 2 2 3°92 0 must be zero, Since it is equal to (-8 + 12-4) = 0, the two vectors do lie in a plane and hence there is a point of intersection. The equations of the two straight lines are 2-y _3-z or, x=y,x-2 Assuming a point charge @ at (-2, -2, 1), its value required to produce Ey is given by Ol4a, +4ay +2a,) 4ne9(16+16+ 4)? ir t+ Day + ay or, Q = 43218, Value of Q required to produce Ep is given by Ola, +2ay +2a,) way + Day +2, 4neg(+4+4) ne or, Q = 10878. Since the two values of Q are not the same, there is no solution to the problem. (b) Following in the same manner as in (a), we first check to see if Ey and Ea lie ina plane. Since 146P1.31. (continued) 2 1 2/=-6+44+2=0 o i = the two vectors do lie in a plane and hence there is a point of intersection. The equations of the two straight lines are =4 and the point of intersection is (3, 3, 2). Value of Q required to produce E; is given by O-2a, -2ay—a,) 4ne9 (44441)? a + Day +a, or, Q=-10878. Value of Q required to produce Ea is given by (-2a, ~ ay ~2a,) =2ay “neq (4+1+4) at By + Dae or, Q = -108769. Thus the solution is 1082p C at the point (3, 3, 2). 147P132, E,x7 ——2__,-__2___ Ane (-¥ cos 6) 4 (r+ $0 6 - Q(2rd cos 8) ® ood 9) sre(2-4 29 148,1.32. (continued) Eg =E+a9 Q Q 5 a. Fnegie Segre offsiné) o($sine) "Gaal tame d 4 sino) sin 8) sntglr—Feos 0) Aneor{r+ $0080) ~ —2 casi Fey n? Thus Ex FegpF 2008 Bar + sn 029) 149,1.33, Electric force on the point charge q . act +e —2_,, _2 - z+ Fi 4neq(a- 2)" 4neq(a zy = | ae - SMe Ane | (a +27)? (a2) | * ~- By, nega? * ‘The equation of motion of the charge q is & 3Qz ~4nega? 2 Pr, 302 9 dt? 4xegma> The solution subject to initial condition z = zp and 4 = 0 at t = Ois & a Thus the frequency of oscillation is 1 3Q 1°98 land 150PL34, x From geometrical considerations, the circular ring charge must lie parallel to the xy-plane and with its center on the z-axis. Then, with reference to the notation shown in the figure, and from the expression for the electric field due to a ring charge along its axis given in Ex. 1.7, we require that 10-5 =10° 4neq(a? +9?) 10-6(s +1) > =10° 4negla? + (s+ 1 P= Dividing (2) by (1), we then have a2 (s+12 ce) “eae | (eT Bapegsrl (sty? 5 was But from (1), 213 6 24 106s) _cgg2/3 ows (wets Cy Substituting (4) in (3), we have (9573 +2541 “(27° (9sy s 92B[(s + 1)23 - 528] =25 41 151 @ Q) (4)P134, (continued) Solving for s, we obtain 0.82707 ‘Then from (4), a = (953 = 1.76869 ‘Thus the circular ring charge is centered at (0, 0, 0.82707), with a radius of 1.76869 and parallel to the xy-plane. For any Q, (3) remains the same, but (4) becomes 213 gata (seas) =(9x108Q5)2/3 6) ‘Substituting (5) in (3), we have (9x10 Qs)! +25-+1 “(2)” (9 1080s) s (9 « 106Q) [(s + 1)? - 523] = 25+1 2s+1 0x 108M = TB =I Since s has to be greater than zero for both fields to be in the +z-direction, and the right side is a monotonically increasing function of s, the value of Q has to be greater than that that is, corresponding to s . 2s+1 ae laste | = 9x 1089 >1 Q>ZxIeC or FHC 152PL35. Because of the dependence of py on ¢ in the manner cos 9, there is only a negative x- ‘component of E at a point on the z-axis. = P0205 6208) gg, 4neg(a? +27) Pig acos 9 dé 4ney(a2 +22) sin @cos ¢ 2 = yO rar 008? $ do Sneq(a? +27) (Ex at" a La. = 4 I Elon. 2 _ ioe’ 2» © ela? +2272 [aro eas 2 12 ___ Puna? 6, sin29 = mtn $+ 4 | Pye “Feit DE 4e(a? +22 ** 153P1.36, (00,2) Using the procedure employed in Ex. 1.8, we have = (regi) 2ar dre [BI 0, 2) = “Aneg(r2 +e = —2mdr = yay & 154137, Because of zl dependence of pz, and symmetry about the origin, there is only an r-component of E at (r, @, 0). Considering two differential length elements symmetrically situated about the origin, we have 2p de (E40) ° Fpeg(rP ee = Aneoede or Qmeg(r? +27) 242 = _2nde = aye ma Qredz 0 (+e ole, 155P1.38, dz! af 2} From the result of Ex. 1.8, the field due to the thin slab of charge of thickness dz’ shown. in the figure is given by forz<-a for-aa 156PL.39, From symmetry considerations, itis sufficient to find the force on one element. Hence, we shall consider the element at (1, 0, 0). = 4, F=Bida, ) Ide ax(} a+fs) 9,3)? es) +. The force on each element is 0.046pi9(7 dz)? directed toward the origin. 1571.40. From Biot-Savart Law, _ My Idx ag _ ty 1AxR Bae an where R is the vector drawn from the current element to the point at which B is to be computed, (a) Forthe point (2, -1, 3), R =(2- Lay + (-1 + 2)ay + (3 —2)ay =artay tay pe Idx (ay +ay)X (a, tay +a,) oo Gy I dx = EOE axa) (b) For the point (2, -3, 4), R =(2- lay + (-3 + 2)ay + (4—2)a, ayy + 2ay (©) For the point (3, 0, 2), R =(3- lar + (0+ 2)ay + (2-2), ay + 2ay by 1 dx (ay +ay)X (2a, +2ay) «sy 158PL41, (a) Since the magnetic field due to an ) infinitely long filamentary wire is circular surrounding the wire, the wire must be in a plane perpendicular to the field at the point under consideration. ‘Thus for By = 10~ay Wo/m? at (3, 0, 0), the wire must lie in the plane y= 0, and for Bz = -10"’a, Wo/m? at (0, 4, 0), the wire must lie in the x = 0 plane. Therefore the wire must lie atthe intersection of these two planes, which is the z-axis. Let the current be / in the +z-direction. Then Hol 4, By= fitsay=107ay or IISA I Br= ty (-as) -107a, or, [=2A Since the two values are not the same, there is no solution to the problem. By inspection, plane normal to By is y=, and plane normal to By is x =0. Therefore the wire must lie along the line x= 0, y= z. Let the current be Fin the direction of increasing z. Then or, J=0.5A Y B= SO Ga * 2a) * ew? or, [=05A, e B10 Cay Ba) Since the two values of Fare the same, the solution is = 0.5 A along the wire having the orientation x =0, y =z. 159. (a) Qn Qn ca ) ‘As shown in the figure, for currents flowing in opposite senses, the force is one of repulsion, and for currents flowing in the same sense, itis one of atraction. Hence, the currents must be in the same sense. (b) Since d , the wires can be considered to be infinitely long for the purpose of computing the magnetic field. Let the swing from the vertical position be A, as shown in the figure. Then, from the appli- cation of dF =/ di x B to an entire rod, the magnetic force on it due to the magnetic field of the other rod is an Hol Hol? = "% Fad TB) ~ Ia(d—2D) For equilibrium, 2, tma=4sFe wt w~ 2n(d—2d)w or, 2, Hollk _ (a— 20a a As Tincreases, A increases, (d— 2A) decreases and hence there is a maximum value for (d~ 24)A, beyond which the equation cannot be satisfied. Tis maximum value occurs for A =. For any further increase in the current, the force F becomes greater than T sin a, or the left side of (1) becomes greater than the right 1601.42. (continued) side, and hence the rods swing and touch each other. Thus the critical value of the current is given by BoP? 2m 1611.43, From the symmetry of the current distri- bution about the z-axis, we note that only the z-component of B exists at (0, 0, z). Considering an infinitesimal segment 2 d@ ag of the loop, we obtain the z-component due to it to be Lola do ay Xap ed 4nR” = HOLE cos _ la? do 4x(a? +22)? Thus, B at (0, 0, z) due to the entire current loop 1621.44, _ { Hold’ a, x Be J 4m? +2] 2a Hol de’ sin a ag 4ar{l+[e-2ir) , Substituting z - z= r cot @, dz’ cosec? a dar, we obtain % Hol { cosec? o sin a dor Baw | ceca cosec? =a, Hol = Fol L-cos alfa, ap I = FE (cos a ~c08 a) ag In the limit a} — —ce and a2 > ©, a — 0 and a2 > 7, wr 1a Ba HO 11 cjay= FO ay which is the same as that for the infinitely long, straight wire. 163PLS, (a) From symmetry considerations, itis sufficient to find B due to one side and multiply by 4. Thus, 164P1.46, From geometrical considerations of magnetic field due to an infinitely long, straight wire, the two wires must be symmetrically situated about the y-axis with the currents flowing as shown in the figure. With reference to the notation shown in the figure, the magnetic flux density at (0, 1, 0) is given by plot By cos ora, 2nd? + * Hold +4, am ay= 10a, nd? +57)” a or, Ald ee 1 @ +5?) ® Likewise, the magnetic flux density at (0, 2, 0) is given by id = ay =0.5 x 10%, ad? +(s+1)7) ” cd or, Ald => 0S (2) P+ (541 ° Dividing (1) by (2), we have 1651.46, (continued) 2 4(s+1? P+s @+s2-25-1=0 QB) d= ys? +2541 @ From (1), we have for J P+ stadd (6) Using (3) and (4), we then can write s+1= 4y +2541 (6) 452 +45 + 1 =-1657 + 325 + 16 M 205? 285 - 15=0 g = 284 ,/28? +1200 = 2844.54 =a = 1.8136 or -0.41355, The corresponding values of d are d= 1.1567, 0.0432 ‘Thus for I= 1 A, the wires must pass through the pair of points (+ 1.1567, -0.8136, 0) or through the pair of points (+ 0.0432, 1.41355, 0). For any 1, we have in the place of (5) and (6), P+ staid (8) 2s+1= 4s? +2541 o 1661.46. (continued) 4s? + 4y + 1 =-16Ps? + 32Ps + 16P (4+ 16P)s? + (4-32P)s + (1-16P)=0 For a solution to exist, (4-321)? ~ 4(4 + 16) (1 - 16/7) must be 20 (1-87)? - (1447) (1-167) 20 1-167 + 6474 (1 - 127-647) 20 1284 -4P >0 Pes 120.1768 +. There is a minimum value of / equal to 0.1768 A, below which there is no solution to the design problem. 167147, Letthe current densities on the sheets be Js1, Jsz, and Js3 on the x= 0, y= 0, and z=0 planes, respectively. Then, BIg, x ag +Isq X ay +Is3 Xa) = 3Boay a 2D (Ig) Xa, —Ioq Kay +Is3 Xa) = Bo-ar+2a,) 2) B (dg, Kay +Is2 X ay —Js3 X 8,) = Bola +2a) 3) ()-@) 40x ay= 2 (4a, -2a,) @ Ho ()-@) 99a, 2 a, -2a,) 6) 2x()-@)-@) Is xap= BP a, +2a,) (@) At(-6,-2,-3), Z (Isi X Ay —Isg X ay —Is3 x = By 2,3) =3Bome 0b) ALC4,-5, 7), (Is, X ay -Isn X ay +53 X8,) =-B 3, 9,4) = ~Bo(ax + 2ay) B= (ds; xa, —Jso X ay -Js3 X,) = BB (a, +28) ~ (ax 28) - Car-2a)] = Bo(-3ay + 2ay + 2a,) 1681.48, Joaz ~Jom, 0 otherwise for y<-a ft tecay lya-a for y<-a HoIoar ZI (Hy — a ya) =—UoJoly + aay Je Hot0e a+ y— a+ y)= Mololy~ aa, Holts a+ a)=0 for y>a (MoJo(\-a)a, for|yjsa 0 otherwise 169 for-a qv2- WD) xB=F2-Fi “ (3)- (1) > g(v3- vi) XB = F3—Fy © From (4) and (5), B is perpendicular to both (F2 - F}) and (F3 — F)). Hence we can write B =K®.-Fy)x (®—-Fi) = KP) X Fy + Fy x F3 + F3 XF) =kA provided (F2 ~F}) and (F3 - F}) are not collinear, that is, A # 0. Substituting in (4), we get ghv2—¥1) X KA = (F2- Fy) pet BAK © W.-W) XA . ‘Thus F)-Fy Be ola-vxa|* 172PLS2, From Lorentz force equation, gE + qvoax XB = gE (ay —ay + az) ) gE + qvoay XB = qEo(ay gE + qvoazx B=0 (2) - (1) gives volay ~ 8) x B = -2E a, (2)-(G) gives olay — a2) X B= Eo(ay~ay—a,) From (4) and (5), B= Ca, x (a; ay where Cis a constant, Substituting (6) in (4), we obtain voClay — 8p) X (ae + as) = —2E 0m or C= oBs 2 (ay +ay) Then from (3), E =-va;x B = Eo(ax- ay) 173, 12) = Clax + ay) a 2 @) S) ©P1.53. From Lorentz force equation, Fi, =4E + qa xB=0 a F)= gE + qvoayXB=0 2) F3 = gE + qvo(ax+2a)x B= got, ® (a) (1) +2x (2)-@) > 2gE = -gEoa, akgeghs a (b) Fs = gE + quart a) xB = (gE + qvoar XB) + (gE + qvoay XB) - gE =F +F,-Fy (© Fo =gE+ 9“) Ga, tay) 1 = 3 (q+ vpn, XB) +4 GE+ qa XB) 3 1 =qRhitqh 0 u 174PLS4. Constant velocity equal to initial velocity means no acceleration and hence F is zero. Thus E+ qv xB=0 a qh+qv.xB=0 Q Multiplying Eq. (1) by m and Eq. (2) by n and adding them and then dividing by (m+n), provided (m +1) 2 0, we have (m+ n)gE + q(mv, XB + nv) XB) men mvj +n, y Bog or gE +g mam seh init + Thus when released with inital velocity "“1—7"2., the test charge moves with constant velocity equal to that value. 175,RL =D, then F is perpendicular to both C and D. Therefore, let WAXF=C and Bx F=mC xD. Substituting then in one of the equations, we have mA x(CxD)= m[(A + D)C - (A+ C)D]=C . -_t Since A* C= 0,m= a5 pe oxD “FSD Similarly, using the second equation, mB x (CxD)=D m{((B + D)C- (B+ C)D]=D i eee Since B+ D=0,m=- gre cxD Bec 1, ay), and D= (Gay. For A = (ay + ay), B= (a; + 2ay-2a,), C= ay ay ay cxp=|! 1 | o2a+2ay +a 6 -5 2 AsD=1(6)+1¢-5)=1 BeC=1(1)+2C1) F=2a,+2ay +a, 176R12. (a) From the construction shown, it can be seen that (A —B) and (A ~ C) are two vectors in the plane determined by the tips of A, B, and C. *. Unit vector normal to the plane is, p= (ATBX(A=©) " [(A=B)x(A-©)| But (A-B)x (A-C)=AXA-BXA-AXC+BxC xB+BxC+CxA Shortest distance from the common point to the plane = Perpendicular distance from the common point to the plane wtAvag)=| Ae AXBEBXC+CXA, [AXB+BxC+CxAl AcAxB+AeBxC+AeCxA [AxB+BxC+CxAl __AeBx ~ [AXB+BxC+Cxal () (V3, 3,2) > (/I2, #2, 2) in cylindrical coordinates — (4, 7/3, 7/3) in spherical coordinates C = 43a, -V3ag +229) 17R12. (continued) 3] (ea Fon Sa, run fan $a, me) (con § cos £0, +00 in Ea, ~sinE 178R13. Let us assume the center of the sphere of radius unity to be at the origin, one of the vertices of the equilateral tetrahedron to be on the z-axis, one of the other three vertices to be in the 2z-plane, and the angle subtended at the center of the tetrahedron (the origin) by one of its edges to be a. Then the vertices of the tetrahedron are given in spherical coordinates by (1. 0. 0), (1. 0). (1, «, 2/3), and (1, a, 47/3). In Cartesian coordinates, these are (0, 0, 1), (sin @, 0, cos @), (~1/2 sin a, 3/2 sin a, cos a), and (-1/2 sin a, ~ -/3/2 sin a, cos @). For an equilateral tetrahedron, all edges are equal in length. Therefore, setting the distance from (0, 0, 1) to (sin or, 0, cos @) equal to the distance from (-1/2 sin a, /3/2 sin a, cos @) to (sin @, 0, cos @#), we have |sin o a, + (cos @ ~ 1a, G sin? ort 3 sin? sin? @ +. cos? @+ 1-2 cos 2~2.c08 a= 3(1 ~ cos? @) 3.cos? a-2cos a-1=0 24/02 1 1 Metts cos a Ruling out 1, we get cos or=— 3 Edge length = /2=De0sa Radius of the largest sphere that can be fit inside the tetrahedron = Distance from the origin to one of the sides of the tetrahedron 1 cos (180° - @) 179RL3. (continued) Note that the expression in part (a) of Problem R1.2 can also be used by considering three vectors from the origin to three of the vertices, say, (1, 0, 0), (1, a0), and (1, of 27273), of the tetrahedron, Thus, let A =a B =sin aa, +008 aa,= 8 a,-1a, w2, 46 apart pay ic IAXB+BxC+CxAl _ (95, 288, = Vert Sr * ar 3 a1 JAsBxC] - 1 [AxB+BxC+ Cxa] ~ 3 same as the answer obtained above. 180RL4. (a) The direction of movement ofthe observer is always along ag + ag, because ag is southward and ag is eastward, and hence ag + ag, which bisects ag and ag is southeastward. Therefore, the direction line is given by ad@_asin@d@ T ae ang = 4% intan $294 Since the starting point is (4. 0), Intan F=0+C,01,C=0 a for y<-a | a, for-a a 0 for y<-a Holo (a? —y?)a, for-a a 188R19, For the test charge to move with constant velocity, F=qE+qvxB=0 2 E+vxB=0 Substituting E = Eo (2a, + ay ~2a,), v= vp(2ay—2ay +a,), and B= Broa; + Byoay + Beoaz, we have Fo(2a,+a,-2a,)+yy| 2-2 1 |=0 Bro By Bo or, 2Ep + vo(-2Beo-Byg) = 0 Eo + vo(Bx0 - 2B) = 0 ~2E9 + vo(2By0 + 2By0) =0 or, 290 28on 0 Byo-2Bg=- 2 Q) Bro + Byo = 2 @) We note, however, Eq. (3) is not independent of Eqs. (1) and (2), since adding (1) and (2) gives (3). Therefore, the given information is not sufficient to find uniquely Bo, Byo and By, and we need another independent equation, which is provided by the additional condition that v is perpendicular to B. Thus v*B= vo(2ay—2ay +a,) * (Boas + Body + B98) =0 or, 2Byo ~ 2Byo +B = 0 @ Solving (1), (2), and (4), we obtain 189P21. (a) (b) Pe yar— aay t+ xa, xsysz, dr=dy=d d=draz+dray+dra, Pe aa,—xay tra Fedl=xdr—xde+xds=xdr LD es ae (eae [22] 1 ean? 4 foae-[Z] of ty = 322 de xsyezh de l= 32? de ay + 322 de ay +z a, ‘ay — zy + Bay Be dl = (325-323 + 23) de = (325 — 223) de a) 1 6 ty Fedl= [325-223 BLL). loon®*4 foe 22)de=|5_—F| =0P22, Fedl = (xyay+yeay + zxa,) * (dx ay +dy ay +de a) =aydr+ yedy tarde From (0, 0,0) to (1, 1, 1), xaysadr=dy=de Fedl=x2detx2dx +22 dx = 32 dx aay) 1. 1 Soco® sl [3x7 de =[x From (1, 1, 1) to(1, 1,0), yeldr=dy=0 Fedl=0+0+zde =zdz LLO Dae 2P aun? am feae=|] From (1, 1, 0) to (0,0, 0), y=4,2=0;dy=dzx,dz=0 xs Rie Fedl=x2 dr +0+0=x2 de (0,0,0) 0 3p fi Peal [22 de =| Es a.1.0) h oh le of Fedl=1-3-3=% 191P23, Fedl = (cos ya,—xsin yay) * (dea; dy ay +dz a) = cos y dx—x:sin y dy (a) Equation for the straight line path from (0, 0, 0) to (1, 27, 1) is y= m= 2m ody = nde = 2ndz F + dl = cos 2a de — 2m sin 2m dx am) 1 - f. Fed) = f (cos 2x dx ~2nx sin 2x dx) X0,0,0) hn = [xc0s 2x] 1 a Fedl= 7 c0s y cos 7 dy-sin 3 sin ydy 2" ea — PAL PI ) Sao? al =f (420s.yeos3-sin sin dy pe = x cos y sin (© Fedl=cosy dex ssiny dy = d(xcos y) 1.2) (2m) i Dea = ("2 G02 cosy) (0.0,0) 0.0.0) . (1.2.1) = [+08 916.00) = (1) (cos 2m) - (0) (cos 0) -0 sl The vector field is conservative, since in view of (c), the line integral between any two points (x1, y1+ 21) and (x2, y2 22) is given by [cos yI{%2")2"29) = x9 cos y2—x1 608 YI, and is independent of the path. 192P24, A=2rsin a, + rag + za, From (0, 0, 0) to (1, 0, 0), z G72, 9=0,2=0; do=de=0 dl=dra,, A= rag A+di=0 T x Jarazo nic From (1, 0, 0) to (1, 2/2, 0), 250; dr=d: A= 1 dag, A=2sin oa, + ay A-dl=d¢ fara=["ap=2 From (1, 7/2, 0) to (1, 2/2, d, @=22,r=1; de=dr=0 i= de a, A = 2r ay + 99+ 20; Asdl=zdz fara=[iede=t From (1, 2/2, 1) to (0, 0, 0), 2. 9= m2, dr= dz, db=0 r i= dr a, + dr a, A= 2r a, + Pag + ray Asdl=2rdr+rdr=3rdr 193PLS. A=e- (cos Oa,+sin Bag) +rsin Bag d=dra,+rd@ag+rsin 0dpag (a) 6=0,6=0;d0=do=0 Aseta, ° di=dra, Asdlsetdr y eae 0,0,0) ‘Acdl= fer dr (b) r=2, 9= mid; dr=dg=0 A= (cos Oa,+sin @ag) +2 sin Bag z 2 d=2d0.6 Av dl=2e sin Odo y QRH), pI aa, ears Avdl= [°° 2e7 sin a0 x as, =2e?[-cos 0%!” = 2"? (©) r=2, 0= 26; dr=d0=0 Ave? (Bacdao}ray d= doag A+di=do 2, 16,12) faneo 2, 16,0) 194P26. A=x2yzay+ Pommy + 222yaz Forx=0,y=0,2=0,A=0 Jaras=o Forz=1, A = yaax + yPzmy + 2 dS =dydza, Pyay + yPxmy tryay dS =dedyay AcdS =xydxdy faces =i aearnd 1 = 6 AedS = Jylyle ve f,AedS 04040494 g4g= 3 a 195P27. A= (x2y + 2)ay + Bay 2xyzm; Forx=0,dS =-dy dz ay, A= 2a; + 3ay -2dy de fo oleig Devae=-12 A-dS JAras For y= 0, dS =-dz dx ay, A= 2a + 3ay AsdS=-3dedx For z= 0, dS =—de dy a;, A= (2) + 2)ay + Bay A+dS=0 faras=o For x= 1, dS = dy de ay, A=( y+ 2)y-+ 3ay — 2yzm AsdS=(y+2)dyde Jaras=[ of, 0+ 2drde=18 For y= 2, dS = de de ay, A = (222+ 2)ay + Say — dxzay AsdS=3 dede Jaras=f. off, 3deadc=9 For z = 3, dS = dx dy az, A = (x2y+ 2)ay + 3ay — 6xya; AdS=~6 xy dedy Jaras=[- ofl. Omdrdy=—6 2f,AedS =-12-9 40+ 18+9-6=0 196P28. A=rcos¢ar—rsin dag For d=0, A =ra, 2A dS =-drdeag y Asds =0 Jaras =0 For $= 2/2, A =-rag z dS =drdzay * AvdS =-rdrdz fares =—Llafng rérden—2 Forr=2, A =2cos da,—2sin pag dS =2dpdea, AsdS =4c0s 6dpde xl2 [polyno 4008 040 de=4 faces = For 2=0, dS =-rdr dpa, A+ dS =0, [A+dS =0 Forz=1,d8=rdrda,,A+dS=0, [A+dS =0 nfjhedS =0-2444040=2 197A=Pa,+rsin 0ag For $=0,dS=-rdr dag A=/a,+rsinOag A+dS=0 faras =0 For $,d8=rdr day A= a,+rsin Gag A+dS=0 faras =o For = $,d8 =r sin F dr dpag=rdrdoag A=ra,+ rag AvdS=Pdrdg Jaras= fl, [por ardo=E For r= 1, dS =(1)?sin 040 dpa, =sin 6d0d6a, A=a,+sin @ag A+dS =sin 6d0do faras= Sore [iin 0 d0do~ 5 4,22 sf Ard = 0404 E45 = 198, o() B=Bosin = cos ara, dS = dx dy a [Beas 5 Io Bo sin = cos ax dx dy =Bypcos or. £[-cos =] | = 2 caso 199Poi. [Beas re ee pe fey Bae |e = Bob[ In a = Bobt In (xq + a) — In x9] d fEra= -G [Bes =~ A {Bobt in (%p +2)—In x9]} . 1 1) dx =30(gsa-4) = tt = Bobvo (5 %0 =a) From the motional emf concept, the induced emf is ( 2 b- zz?) which agrees with the above result. 200P2A2 B= Bp cos n(x vo!) ay (@ [Beas rp f By 00s x= vot) ay * dz dx ay Boces ma ryp ded 5 & [sin a(e— vp 5 a [sin a(x-+1—vpf) —sin mx vob] 2-220 sin ate vod) fea of [- sin x(x- | = -2Bovp cos 7x — vo!) (b) x=29 + V9F 2 [prs = 2Bo sin mi + vot— vot) 2 5 =~ 220 sin my 2 = fera= -§(- 2B sin mo 201P2.13. fe odl a Se +dS SF (Boabsines) da ‘Boab cos a SE Byab cvs u (~ w) = Boaba cos @ For small cos a= 1 +. Induced emf = Baba The polarity of the induced emf is such that the current flows in the same sense as C, resulting in a force on the bottom side of the loop away from the vertical. Thus the loop swings slower than in the absence of the magnetic field. 202Pou feed =-F [Beds £ [Bo cosa) Lw) ‘Magnetic force on the bar 2 72 = LBgay = EY 8 Equating the components of the magnetic force and the gravitational force acting on the bar, we have Mg sin a a ya MR BL 203P215, (a) B= Boay [ras= [oo [og Barret = Bohb cos @ = Bohb cos wt emf = -4 (Boh cos a) = Bohbosin ox (b) B= Bo ya,-xa,) [pra -[e* ia 9 Bo(Oa,—xa,)+ de de ay x= sing ph ell 0 = Bn 2202 6 Pees? ay, 204 [ing Bot rab e0s 6a,)*dydea) 2 sin? 9 7(a) (b) © B = Bo(sin ot a, + cos ax ay) JBed8 = AB9 cos ar emf = ~4 (AB) cos ax) = @ABo sin wr dS = dS ag =d5 (~sin $a; +c0s 6a) Be dS = Bods (~sin @sin ax + cos $.cos ax) = Bo dS cos (ar + 6) = BodS cos 2a [B+ a8 = BoA cos 20r emf =~ (ABy cos 20") = 2@ABp sin 2 o=-a B+ dS = Bod (- sin ¢ sin ax +.cos $cos ax) = Bo dS cos (ar + $) = Bo dS cos (cx ax) = Bods [Beas = BoA emf = ~4 (m4) =0 205P217, From § Hedl= [Jed + $ip- as [pres fra fore §Heal = H(t - oe) + Ho(t- Vuoe)” = 2o(t — Joe)” [,psas = ~ fot nlf, (c+ fiom 2) de +f (- saree) a] 30 (ioe) ] | ioe | =~ 7B [0° ~ (+ fiat) -(t-Viato J+? ] G [prs= ~ 7061? - 6(+- froze] = 2H? + 2H (t~ iloto)” [jieds = 2H0(t- \ioto)” + 24% 24%0(¢ ~ Voto)” = 2H 206P28, Ff Deds =~ f Jos @ fred =f of aad 202 + Peofes area Gr-2a) eee @,%2) - =A ta,-2) 2 2 + ff, ae + al + fia, coee 2 2 (-de dx) (2,-2,-2) (2,2,-27 2 2 +f rang 4) ded) =~32~32-32- 32-644 64 =-128 . Displacement current emanating from box = 128 A (b) J=-(a, +ya,+7a,) =-ra,- Za, u 2 pe | > §,Jeas = Io Io (C1) do de 1 pe +f [pea © Dero ZT , =~ 40-48 =-80 x Displacement current emanating from box = 871 A 207P2.19, 12 G [Deas a 2% J obs area parallel tw the plates FE [ap(t80 sin 27 106 sin 4x 1061) x 0.1] =a, Fae Gp lC0s 21x 106t— cos 6x 1064] 3 = WO (ansin 20x 105+ 61 sin 6 x 1060) 3 = SE Coin 2n x 10543 sin 6x 105) Root-mean-square value of I(2) 7 7 3 J+) = 1118x103, =1L118mA 103 2 208P2.20. I(t) = 4 ay= (O.1e9E) dE =0.1ey 3) 2 RMS value of 2) = |i) x2x10-6+( . (2x10) 7 ENV 3x 10-60 axe )* 19 = 0.1125 x 103A = 0.1125 mA 209F221, (a) fDedS = Syed . fatal seo =x -y-2) de dy de = 80a aff g@ox 98 2) de = sab-bd-d) = 1605 fpras= [pe AF plea one lee ae 0 win = of So 2y(1— x? = y*) de dy Po mye dx dy de - of [ee -9] a offer eet fan oa = 9S (G8 44H) a = af at sat] Sa [ea 712 = & B 210P22. (a) $DedS= f pav 5 JER Cooe" dr dae ee = mo(l-e") = 1986p, ©) fpeas= {pd =f - ee (Bosine a) P sin@ dr d0d@ = mpl. fr sin® 6 ar a8 = fomf re = 3p 2P23, {Beas = [Bris [, Beas, +fBres+[, Beas, =0 * [Bras oof, BrSe-f,Beass— [Boas =f, f Bol yax- xy), _ + (-de de a,)—0-0 toe = kag Boxee = ae STE 2 ++ Absolute value of the magnetic flux = ae Wo 21272.24, Jara, + yay +za, 7 d S z fara + G [par=0 $hpaefrs @ fJeds=0+0+0414141=3 ¥ i Se dv=3A (b) J=xay+yay+za, =r Aye ty §,3-as =4nx2-20x1 +04+(4n-mx1 =82-2n+30 ay, =9n (© Ja xa, +yay +20, =P lity 13 f" fsrs = fo 9 8sin aaoag - ge i sin 0d6a9+0 = 14x [-cos ay =1n -4 J,eaatea 213p2as, f Hedl= | Jeas+ 5 [ D-ds Ic! Is ls Considering the plane surface S bounded by the closed path C, except for a slight upward bulge atthe origin to avoid Q,(0), we have7226, fHedl= | Jeas+ Ff Deas Considering the plane surface S bounded by the closed path C and noting that the point (1, 1, 1) is at the center point of that surface, so that the points (0, 0, 0) and (2,2, 2) are symmetrically situated on either side of S, we have [grees dt pease 4 D al as- 3 (9-2) = 14Q,_ 140. “Bat 8 dt 1 1 = gD-gD 1 =-ql 1 fea =1-41 3 =f 2152.27. From symmetry considerations and Gauss’ law for the electric field, displacement flux emanating from one side of the box ~ dips bipa 1 { POR y, 2) dx dy de = §x8x l. 1 eo hw PC y, 2) = 3-22 y?— 22 Requiredfix=4f' ff) @-2-y-2yae qui m= 5 | bea hao OF ~ 2-2) de dy de (b) 2162.28 From considerations of symmetry and application of §p-s- [pw to acylindrical surface of radius r having the z-axis as its axis and lying between z= 0 and z= I, we have ee J olpeo demo 08 rdrdodz forrsi : Jong Poe” ‘rdrdpde forr21 217P2.29. From considerations of spherical ‘symmetry and application of jpre= [pe to a spherical surface of radius r centered at the origin, we obtain jo forr2a 0 forr2a 3r2.30, From symmetry considerations of the ‘square cross section and the given current densities, jwa-p f wa oneside sxound sfsquare thesquare = fJes= 4x4 fg f, Je y) de dy (@) J.@y=bl+bl=x+yfor0 a Palo (2 dr forra 2nJor> oS forra Thus Jor” 2B ay forra 207232, From f Heal= | Jod8, we have day = thera T/eTa, o.05eer/ta, 1. rm na? forr<3a for3a Sa for r< 3a for3a Sa Ba 4a SK 221R21. F = cos @sin @a,~sin Osin pag+ cot cos ay d= dra,+rd0ag+rsin Odoag Fed =cos @sin dr~r sin @ sin ¢ d0+, cos Ocos do = d(r cos @sin 9) (72.62.62) (72.82.42) J Fed = f d(rcos 8sin ¢) (7191. 4) (71.61) ang (202102) cos 8 [reosasin g™ 5°02 = 72.008 @ sin $2—r1 cos 61 sin $1 is independent of the path from (r1, 61, $1) to (72, 62, @2). Therefore, F is a conservative field. (4,213,216) Soccer Fedl = 400s % sin 2 ~ 100s 2 sin $ = axdicd 18 xB 075 0.25 222R22, = Bol (yo + a cos at) (aa sin a) For 0 < at <2, yis decreasing, flux enclosed by C is decreasing, and emf is positive ‘opposing the change in the flux. For < at < 2m, y is increasing, flux enclosed by C is increasing, and emf is negative opposing the change in the flux. Thus, Lenz’ law is verified. Also, emf = Bolypao sin at + Bola2e cos at sin ot = Bolyoaw sin ox + 3 Bola®eo sin 20 ‘Thus the induced emf has two frequency components, @ and 20. 223R23. 10 = ‘irs a Z lo fo hot ‘oF sin FE cos axa,* rdrdo a, wotssnn fy [rie Bers ros " oz 2a sin ot [aor at Za ~ Tata 2meepEp sin ox [44 sin ar Bee Epa” ie 2 Amplitude ofthe current = S@¢0E0@” 224Rad, f Hed = [Feds + Sips =0+ 4(O-2) 6 A 14> Ma +6 dt 2252S. Fromconsiderations of symmetry and application of fp-s- joe to.a spherical surface of radius r having the origin as its center, we have fc f qo a(t) 72 sin@drd0do forrsa fo ke Jprse0(E) 2 sin oar aap forr2a AnD, = 226We can consider the situation as the superposition of a current distribution Jo within the cylindrical region of radius a and a current distribution —Jg within the cylindrical region of radius b. Then expressing the result of H in Ex. 3.8 for the region r 2a 2363.7. (continued) Cc forO 2a To determine the value of C, we note that a nonzero value of Hy for r > 2aresults, in an infinite magnetic flux crossing a constant-z plane. Thus ~Joa+C=0 ‘Jaa, for0 2a The plots of Jg and H, are shown in the figure. 237P38. (a) V+ (erax +ayay+ yea) = ZerrgimrZon aztxty axtytz (b) V+ Bay+(y-3)ay +2 +20) a = Zorfo- y+Zero =O0+1+1 =2 © Versin gay 19 @,12 a = PHO Hes + FO =cos ¢ (@ —Vercos 6 (cos Ba,—sin Bag) la a = ayer or aa HO 008 Osi? + Ge ZO) =3 cos? 0+ ah (sin? 6-2 sin Bos? 6) =3 cos? 0+ sin? 8-2 cos? 6 238poxla for-a a iC forx<-a = {$0 G2-a2)4C for-acxa Since for po 0, p —> 0, Dx must ->0. Therefore C= 0. > $2 (x7-a")a, for-a a p= |(?0r?8aa, ford a e °, o a r Dy » e,et/3 Coor/iz L-- Oo af2 aw ere isv3.0. @) V+ Lexa, + yay) y (bo) V« [r(sin kd a; + cos kd ag)] = LZ sink +1 F (reoskg) =2sin ko—ksin k=O aks? © 9-[[+3) ora, +4(1-5)sno99] 5 AB [l2+2)cos0] + -ata S| k(-5)sin? 6] )e0s0+2E (1-4 )eosa=0 2413.11. Fora field to be realized both as an electric field in a charge-free region and a magnetic field in a current-free region, its divergence has to be zero, as well as its curl must be a full vector. @ VeCartayy= Zo+Zc=0 Vx (ya, +a) a, ay a, =|2 2 2 O | a Oy & y x 0 Yes. (b) a, a - % 7 = 2 2 2 ~ r we % 1 1 4+ -r{i-+ (ib)aee rid )one 0 5 Bf fd )snos 2 Yes 1). + 5 + )sing] 0 2423.11, (continued) (©) Versin @ag 1 rsind $ train =0 Vxrsin Bag 1 (2r2 sin Ocos 6) a,+ 52% (-2r sin? 8) ag sin® = 2(cos @a,—sin Bag) #0 + No. 2434 PBZ. v= P(ar—x2)a, Curl meter when placed with axis along the y-axis rotates cow to the left of the center, ew to the right of the center, and does not rotate at the center. Therefore, [V x v]y is negative to the left, positive to the right, and zero at the center. Also on either side its magnitude is not constant because the velocity differential is not constant. ay a, =|2 2 2 vevele 5 § 00 Ye 0 ofr zz}, 4¥/4 ° an = 4% /0 244Curl meter when placed with its axis along the z-axis rotates cw everywhere, Therefore, [V x v], is positive everywhere. a, a, 7, MT =|2 2 2). Vavel so Z| =200, 0 w 0 245P3.14, (a) b) rsxa,+ya,+za, =a, Since the field increases in magnitude along its own , direction, the divergence XB meter expands. . ~. Divergence is positive. 3? 14,3. Ver==: = =3>0 Frm v= @rag= w(-ya, + xay) Since the field does not vary 7 in magnitude in its own direction, the divergence meter is unaffected. ©. Divergence is zero. V+ o(-ya, +30) ofZc» +Z0] 2463.15. (a) As ciartxyay + yea, From (0,0, 0)t0(0, 1,0) z 1=0, 4 d=dyay Azo ¢ 0.40) 1 [oe asazo < 10.0.0 From (0, 1,0)t0(0, 1, D, x=0,y=1;dr=dy=0,dl=dza; Aza, Aedl=cde OLD, yp a Foro hee=2 From (0, 1, 1) to (0, 0, 0), x20,y=<)dr=0,dy=dz, dl= dz ay +de ay Asa, Aedli=2de VxA= Thus Stokes’ theorem is verified. 2473.15, (continued) (b) A=cos yay—xsin yay . ara = f.(c0s y ag —xssin yay)* (dra, +dy a, + dea.) = f,cos ydx—xsin ydy = face cos y) MZ = [se08 ha =0 for any C a oy oy =}2 2 2 VEARl yO cosy -xsiny 0 = (-sin y+ sin y) ay ” Juovxareas =0 for any S Thus Stokes’ theorem is verified, without choosing any particular path, 248P3.16. (a) §,0oas + yea, +2.0,) a8 = foheoroaf, Jiagzaeae 1A zy “falls : =ytyt J, oes + yeay +23) dv ty = forerna we = fflairrroaae 1,1,1.3 =549*7 Thus divergence theorem is verified. (b) For the surface x+y=1 dS = dy xd = (dy ay dy a,x dz ay = dy de(ar+ay) §,0° ay ~2yea,) 48 x = i Socanaraf Jig 8p -238,)* (as tay) dy de = flateotael ‘HLL io" Thus divergence theorem is verified. 0 1 *3 y = 2320) dv= [0 dv=0 249P317. J=Je0, 1) a 250P3.18. (a) feta forz>0 1=0: feetds e forz<0 fe D forz>1 fe1s: feels OD forz 1.4 F 8 A f a3 eS b) =300 600-3000 300 600 500° Z,m © 255P3.23. Tey Alm oa > ont SS A e o 4 2 3 4 fps lex Vien @) gal | 22300 m > ‘ 18.85 7 8 € 0 4 2 3 4 5 bps (b) © Taoo -600 -se0 0| 300 600 00 2, Cayse + Alm @ =300 =600 -300 /}0 300 G00 900 12100 Zm3.24, ALE zs 300m 9 Y/m 374 > a) 1d as @ 35 Alm a = 5 r5 tas ) e CED goo ms Vim 3a rr) 123 eas © © pLExdeez uss vin 374 > ~300 =b00 -300 Of 300 600 900 2, m alBy des a pss Alm on @ -900 -600 -300 — 0300 600 900 2, mm 0.4P3.25. E = 37.7 cos (94x 107t+0.3my) ay Vim (a) @= 97x 107 # #45 x 107 He = 45 MHz (€) Direction of propagation is the -y direction in view of the argument (9x x 107t + 0.3) for the cosine function. 32. To. (@) Amplitude of H = Aty=0, r= 0, direction of Kis along a,. For E x H to be along -ay, direction of H at x= (0, t= 0 must be along a. Thus H=0.1 cos (92x 1071 + 0.39) a Alm73.26. Js= 0.2(V3a, +ay) cos 6x x 10r A/m in the z= 0 plane Step 1: Mgigg = $s X tn = 55s x (a) = 0.1(V3a, +ay) cos 67x 10% x (Laz) = £0.1(a, — V3ay) cos 67x 10 A/m Step 2: @ _ 62x10? For @= 61x 10°, B= -— ami0 = 200 p 3x [H),gq = 40.1(a, — Vay) cos (6 x 109 ¥ 2072) Alm Step 3: TEl,zo = 70 (Hla X 9m = 4Mip [0.1(a, — V3ay) cos (67 x 1091 F 207z)] x (ta,) =-37.1(V3a, + ay) cos (6 x 1091 F 202) Vim 2593.27. Js =0.2 sin 15x 107t ay A/m in the x= 0 plane. Step: Js Xa, = 555 x (ay) Ol oe = 402 sin 150% 107 a)x = F0.1 sin 15x 107 ay Alm Step 2: 7 For o= 15x 107, B= 2 = BEX -o.5¢ a %p 3x10" [H],a9 = F0-1 sin (1514x1071 F 0.5m) a, Alm Step 3: (E],29 = Mo [Bll,z0 % 8 = ng [0.1 sin (151071 0.5e)az] x (ta) =-37.7 sin (15x 107 F 0.5m)ay Vim 26073.28. Isi =~ 608 ax ay 2= 0 ne Js.= Kiso cos at ay, 2= Eis 1p “32 00s (at ¥ Be) a, forz 20 ae exs[ers0(<-4)]a, forz 24 = $1080 co (ox F fF m) a, forz a} E =E\+E2 @) B= F080 os (ar + fe) a, fore <0 (b) B= Bes (on fe)~ cos (ar fala, for 0<2< (-k)MoJso 2 261P3.29.. Js1 =—Js0 60s @t ay, 2=0 Ja=-tisosin ory, 20 Js3 = -2kJs0 cos ora, z= 4% Forz<0, B= {0450 cos (or + Ae) + 250 sin [ors of + 2p cos[ree-4)]h a [28952 cos car ey~ AF cos car + Be) — 250 cos (+f) a = 70480 (13%) c0s (ar + fe) ay For z> 42, w= [fn a fers e-2)] + Btn confar-A(e-3) [== cos (ar ~ fe) + #70450. cos (axe) 2 — BL cos (arf) = Ms00-% cos (ax ~ fc) ay | Amplitude of fElpsay2 _ [I-H “Kmplitude of [El a, Yolo oo 4m? in 2 oo ) = f [
erdrdoa, r=ag=0 2mF338. (a) P =EXH=Eotiga, sin? @ : og ititen? oltre) a, (b) Instantaneous power radiated no S J JPsr?sing a0 6a, 8=06=0 oii poh coo (t—r4/pioe ) sin? @ 40 de =09=0 7 cos? w(t ries ) v0! (©) Average power radiated = < HE cost oft rigs) > 3p /€o = 88 = Sey <0 alt rose)> nth solo an3,39. (a) For 2 po(£) forra Flea po (fe sin@drd6dp forra Ampor> “Sa? 3 Amp forr>a 4m2D, = forra Seor We = fle olpnosete oi a sin 8 dr d0 do +f 7 sinodrdo.dp alonolgn0 30697 pha Anphe® _ Aap = Bideg * 306) 7 Beg = 0.2793 “2 3 Total charge inside the sphere = “20° If the charge is redistributed with uniform density within the region r ceapo = 220% oritin= 2 — ay 45e Dividing (2) by (1), we obtain Anpad EE eoporhra)S= EO or =F — (2) 5 = and Then from (1), ky = 32 = 1.08 = 5x28? _ 3125 _ b= ptt BST O47 ‘Thus, the required radius = 1.08a The corresponding charge density = 0.47630 274P3.40.. For Iga, for r<3a -Jga, for 4a
Sa Ionr® for r<3a __ |Jo(97a") for 3a Sa Iorl2 for r<3a 9Jqa?/2r for 3a Sa Will = &, (ite, Holgr? Hod” ado i a SluoIGa4 ard [lls =e? poise? OP aay ie 2, pa Sap 43sa 5 porge {el +8104 (ln r}f4 + 62504 fin r}32 — 50a? (FI, +[F], } lo on Mtr [eet +81a* In $+625a4 In S—22504 + 3690" age] = 39.4809 Jim 215R31. E= Ep sin 6x sin (3x 109K) ay a, ay a Biyxp-|2 9 2 ~-BavxE=|5 0 F 0B 0 dE, OE, sgt ae = kEq sin 6x cos (3 x 10% — kz) ay + 6p cos 6x sin (3 x 1091 — kz) ay =o i 7 Ba 5 oy Hsin & sin (3x 10% ke) ay +6 c0s 6x cos (3 x 10% — kz) ae] Ho ~ 4xx107 Taig sin 6 sin (3x 101 ke) ay +6 cos 6x cos (3 x 109 — kz) az) ay " x mt i x ° ae e & 216R31. (continued) Tg WP sin 6x 00s (3% 1081 Ke) +36 sin 6x cos (3 x 10%— ka] ay 2 = Sa +39) [sin 6x cos (3x 10% kz)] ay E(k? +36) = Spo veto [sin 6x sin (3 x 10% ka)] ay D D g =2-_p_ 0 10°°/36x _ Folk? +36) = ag Sin & sin (3 x 10°r— ke) ay Equating this to the original E, we have +36 (00 207R32, E= Ey sin & sin 7 cos at a, -B = VKE a a -|2 2 2 amy & 0 B 0 e, e, = -%,.%, a+ a, = ~ EB sin ® cos cosara, + 22 cos B sin B cos ar a, B = sin ® cos B sin or a, ~ 2 cos sin M sin or a, B He 2 Mo = Faas sn cos sin orm, ~ 2 cos sin ME sin axa, which is of the form of the given H, and which simply means, by comparison 2 = VxH a a -|2 2 2 Sloe H, 0 HR, = -E (141) sin B® sin B = -EB(b+ 4) sin sin Hsin ova, 278R32, (continued) D 2 = EE (deep) sin Bin F cosa, Dd & = ER (bed) anon Hconana, ‘ Comparing with the given E, we have o WE, (4 Fd, +. Mey? \a® x > el 279Since p = p(x), D = D(x), and V+ D reduces to Bs =p. Then Dex) = [Lpaar+ c Evaluating the integral graphically, we obtain the function shown in the figure. §* co dx eS To determine the constant C, we can consider the given charge distribution as the superposition of two charge distributions, one within the interval ~a a 280R34, For group (i), curl is zero and divergence is nonzero. For group (ii), divergence is zero and curl is nonzero. For group (iii), both curl and divergence are zero. For group (iv), both cur] and divergence are nonzero. (0) Vx (ay +yay) ay ay a Mo x y O V+ (eae-+ya) =Zo+Z0-2 ~. The field belongs to group (i). (8) Vx (G2?) ay— 2ayay + 4a] z a & 4 =(2)+2)ar=0 V+ (02 -)2)a,— 2eyay + 40) = Z02-+Zam+ZH =2x-2r20 +. The field belongs to group (iii). 281R34, (continued) © Vx © ae s|P 0 of cos (ax + Ae) a, forz<0 For Jy, = Jeo sin (ut +02) a, in the z= 7/4 lane oJ50 sin or +a Ble AM)}a, for > A/4 Ea hn 70950 sin fort ort Ble 2/A))a, fore Aa ols sin (ax + Be+a-m2)a, forz-< Ald _ Tods8 00s (ar e+) 8, for z> 4/4 Messe cos (ax + Ae+a)a, fore < Ald By superposition, Nos so LE), ug = 25 (eos (cot ~ ic) + cos (wt - fe + ary) a, (Blea = $50 (c0s + e)~cos (0x + Be + 0) a, Using phasor technique, the amplitudes of E for the two regions are given by forz> a4: To N+ yal forz<0 Taf 1-1/9 The required ratio is ig litude of E for z> 44 _ [i+ “Amplitude of Eforz<0 ~|{— h+cosa + jsina| cosa jsin - 8 +2c0sa 2-2cosa = Teeos@ _ 1+cosw cosa ~ sina is see Of + cot a 287R3.7. (continued) @ a=n4 Ratio = 2 +1 = 2.4142 1 +cos @=4 (1 cos a) cos @=0.6 @= 0.29520 288For Js = 0.2 cos 67x 1081 a, A/m in the y= 0 plane, Hy = 4 Joi x Cea) fory =O =+0.1 cos 64x 108 a, for y= O+ Hy = £0.1 cos (61x 10817 27) a, for y 20 Ey = nol x Ceay) fory 20 = -12m cos (61x 1081F 2m) ax for y 20 For Js = 0.2 cos 6 x 108ra, A/m in the y= 0.25 m plane, Hy = 5 Joo (tay) fory = 025% =F 0.1 cos 6x 10% a, fory = 0.25 Hp = ¥ 0.1 cos[6x x 1081 F 2a(y~0.25)] a =F 0.1 cos (61x 1081F 2my + 0.51) ay = 0.1 sin (6 x 1081 2ny) ay for y 2 0.25 Ep = noH2 x (4a,) for y 2 0.25 = + 12msin (6m x 1081 2my) a, for y 2 0.25 By superposition, we then have EE, 29 =~ 12m cos (6x 1081 + 2ny) ay— 12m sin (6 x 108 + 2my) ay (H), 0.1 cos (6m x 108+ 2my) a; + 0.1 sin (6x 1081 + 2my) az Neo =~ 12m cos (6x 1081—2ny) ay + 12m sin (6 x 1081 2my) a; El, 0: TF, . gas = 0.1 cos (6 108r— 2my) a, + 0.1 sin (62x 108t—2y) ay 289R38. (continued) To discuss the polarizations in the two regions, we note that in both regions, the fields are the superposition of two components, which are equal in amplitude, perpendicular to each other, and differ in phase by 90°. Therefore the polarizations are circular. To determine the senses of rotation, we look at the field components of E at a fixed value of y in the two regions and at two instants of time, as shown in Figs. (a) and (b) for y = 0 and y = 0.254, respectively. Since the directions of propagation of the waves are ~y and y fory = 0- and y= 0.25+, respectively, the sense of rotation of E in both cases is clockwise. Therefore, the polarization is ew circular for both y < 0 and y > 0.25. 290Although F and Fy are equal in amplitude and perpendicular, they differ in phase by 60". Also, the vector lies in the xy-plane, since F, = 0. Thus the field is elliptically polarized in the xy-plane. To find the equation for the ellipse, we set x =1cos or a y = 10s (ar + 60°) = 1 cos ax cos 60° — 1 sin ax sin 60° eos or 9B sin at @ Substituting (1) into (2), we get @ This is the equation of an ellipse whose major and minor axes do not coincide with the x and y-axes. Let the major and minor axes be along x- and y-axes, making angle ¢ with the x- and y-axes, respectively. Then x=xcosptysing yl =-xsin 6+ycos ¢ and the equation forthe ellipse is (coouepusing), (casndgreios 4) where A and B are the semi-major and semi-minor axes, respectively. ‘Now, expressing (3) in the form of (4), we obtain, (eyes so that 291R39, (continued) Thus, axial ratio of the ellipse = 6 a tilt angle of the ellipse = 45° 292R310. The electric field for the region r > ais the same for both the charge distributions. The electric field for r < a is zero for the surface charge case, whereas it is nonzero for the volume charge case. Therefore, the amount of work required is simply the energy stored in the electric field in the region r < a for the volume charge. From Gauss’ law for the electric field in integral form and assuming the center of the charge distribution to be at the origin, we have for r< a for the volume charge, 2 sin @dr dO dg <. Work required is 07/4090. 293P4.1. Denoting the equal and opposite velocities to be -voax before the application of the field Eoar, we obtain the velocities after the application of the field to be ws- (+022) a; for the accelerating electron, and = (» He ‘) a, for the decelerating electron ‘where e and mare the charge and mass of the electron, respectively. The kinetic energies are ‘Thus the gain in the kinetic energy by the accelerating electron is greater than the loss in the kinetic energy of the decelerating electron. 294P42. (a) m Bs ™ vax eBgcos or jom¥g + B¥4 =eEy y teE, te jan Vee aye evitan or MTF 10 lis ore . we i 2Ve= Ep cos (t— tan“! wt) mil ore From Eqs. (4.6) and (4.12), Hem t= =n Ne? 6.1x107 x 9.107 x 10-3! 5.86 x10" x 1.602? x10 = 3.694 x 10-4 5 1 eS saps = 2.707 x 10! radis OFF eax = 2.707% 10" rads ale 107x103 ot o 13 ee 431 x 10!3 He ‘The drift velocity magnitude at this frequency is sel Hence, the mobility at this frequency is 4L. since the mobility at zero frequency is 4, the required a ency is I, the req ratio is $e. 295=0 ~psii + psi2+ psoa + psu =0 a) — psi psi2~ psx + ps2 =0 @ Also Psi + Psi2= Pst @) Ps2i + Ps22 = PS2 @ Solving these four equations for the four unknowns, we get Psi = ps2 = Fs + Ps2) psiz=~psx= }(0s1~Ps2) 296Denoting the applied field to be Eq, and applying the expression for the electric field due to an infinitely long line charge to that passing through (d, 0, 0), we have Puof(x-d)a, + yay Ea= 2n€p| (x-d)? +y* For the total field inside the conductor to be 2er0, [Es], 9 =~ (Eal,,9 Pro[(x—4)a, + yay 2meq|(x—a) + y| This field is produced by a surface charge on the conductor surface x = 0. From symmetry considerations, we can write Ey for x > 0 by substituting -x for x and -a, for ay in the expression for E, for x <0. Thus Pro|(-*-4)(~a,)+ yay] 2neg|(-x -ay +y] Prof(x+ daz + yay ~ anep| x+y +y"] Esl, 9 =~ 297P44. (continued) This is the same as the field due to an infinitely long line charge of uniform density py situated parallel to the z-axis and passing through (—d, 0, 0). Thus the total field outside the conductor is the superposition of the fields due to the line charge through (d, 0, 0) and an “image” line charge through (-d, 0, 0). Itis given by Note thet on the conductor surface x = 0, = fo 4 Eh .0.7~ 26) Page is normal to the surface. 29845, From the figure, magnitude of torque = QEdsin Direction of torque is into the paper. = QEd sin @ into the paper =QdxE =pxE nag For a dipole consisting of 1 C at (0, 0, 10-°) and ~1 nC at (0, 0,-107), p =10°(2x 10% a,) =2x10%a, For E= 103(2a, —2a,), =2x 10% a,x 103 (2a, —| =2x 10a; + 2a) N-m 2994.6. Because of spherical symmetry, the field lines remain radially directed away from the point charge, asin the absence of the dielectric shell. Thus @ D= & a, everywhere a, forrb Anegr’ (b) Inside the dielectric shell, P =D-9E 2-2, aa 6m? = 22 a, 16m’ 300) Dy 3 1 1)[Eo] [4e0Fo Dy|=£0|1 3 1] Eo |=|4eo%o D, 1 1 allo} [2e8 D=2eFo(2a, +2ay +a.) Dis not parallel to E. Dy 3 1 1 & 2e9Fo Dy|=eo|1 3 1||-Ep |=|-2eo£ D, 1 1 3jL 0 oO D = 2epE (ax ~ ay)= 2E Dis parallel to E. Ey 3 1 IT 1 Blea]! 3 1] | Do E, 1 1 3} [2D 8 2 2) Dy Do a_i] - a = 5h =me|2 8 2] Do |=z25| Po 2-2 8 ||-2D) 2D, D E= Be +a, -2a) = Dis parallel to E. 301P48, ForE= Ear + yay, De] [exe by 0 Ex] [eecEx +E Ey yx by 0 | By |=] ey Ee te By DJ lo 0 ello o Dy For D to be parallel to E, 2 must be equal to z fr y Ey _Gy~ eat (En~ E> ey ‘The corresponding effective permittivities are given by = bat 5 [Gy ex) Ege ~ Ey) #4 yee ] = 5 [eat ey teat? ene | 302P49. Consider a ring of radius r < a and width dr, as shown in the figure. Then the amount of charge inthe ring is -2, nr dr) = 29 dr, This wm a amount of charge passes through the width dr of the ring in one revolution of the disk. Since the ‘number of revolutions per second is @/2z. the amount of charge passing through the width in one second, that is, the current in the ring, is (2% ar) (#)-2% dr. Thus, the dipole @ moment ofthe ring is given by - (@0r dm = (2% ar) (ma, 3 = OP tra, 3 ‘The dipole moment of the entire disk is then given by 303P4.10. Let B = Byay + Byay + Bea ‘Then the only forces contributing to the torque are TaBya; on side 12, —laBya, on side 34, —IbBya, on side 23, and TbB,a,0n side 41. 2% =-LaBybay + IbByaay = lab (Bray ~ Bya,) = Jaba, X (Bray + Byay +B,a;) =mxB For a circular loop of radius 1 mm in the xy plane and with current 0.1 A flowing in the sense of increasing ¢, 1 x 10a, = 107 ra, For B = 10~(2a,-2ay +a,) Woim?, © = 1077ma, x 10%(2a,— 2ay +a,) =2x 1072 (a, +a,) Nem 304M= 4m H= (kH-1)H 305412. By 7 6 O7f 3Ho By[=kto] 6 120 |] 2H By o o 3j0 9Hy = kil | -6Ho 0 B = kylgHo(9a, ~ 6ay) = 3kyoHo(ax — 2a) = 3kyuoH best = By = 3k0 306P4.13, Computing the propagation parameters for o= 10-3 S/m, €= 6€p, j= jo, and (f= 1 MHz, as in Ex. 4.5 of the text, we have = 0.05334 Np/m. = 0.07401 rad/m |7| = 86.5477 1 = 35.7825" = 0.1988 ‘Thus E= 8,655¢7005332 cos (27 x 1061 ¥ 0.074z + 0.19882) a, V/m. forzz0 H = £0,1670.05332 cos (2m x 1061 F0.074z) ay A/m forz 20 307P4.14, Js} =—Js0 cos 20x 106t ay, z=0 Isp = kis sin 2 106tay, 2= d (@) Minimum value of dis such that Ba From Prob. P4.13, an Tomar = 84896 m 84.896 dyin = 4828 = 21.224 mm Then k= e%4min ‘= 0. 05334x21.224 (b) Eforz>dmin is [8.655e~0.0533z cos (2m x 106t — 0.074z + 0.19887) + 8.655 x 3. 10¢~0.0533(2 ~ 21.224) + sin (2x 106 ~ 0.0742 + 2/2 + 0.19887)] ay = 91,82¢-0.0533z cos (27 x 1061 ~ 0.074z + 0.19887) ay Vim 308PAIS, (a) 78650 2m, 111.2B= 2m, B= TFpy = 0.0565 F = 0.0349 + j0.0565 (b) || =59.4 tant 2.0565 ‘034g = 583° a Since 7M) = jou, [9 = -[7=317° 2) = 59.4 BLT oe =x-[]- I [pesado ~SeABLT 0.066458 = Re-spa/3i.7 Re (0.001118/26.6") = 0.001118 cos 26.6" = 0.001 = 10-3 Sim Lind ‘ Speen? im (000111826,69 +) - 5x10 pay 0.001118 sin 26.6+) = SO = 1.26 x 106 = 42x 10-7 = pp 309P4.16. Js =-0.2 cos 21x 105r cos 4x x 10%t ay =-O.1 (cos 2m x 106 + cos 67 x 1061) ay ‘Thus, Js consists of two components, one at f= fy = 106 Hz and the second at f=. 3x 106 Hz. Using superposition, we find E and H for each component and add them to get the complete solution. For f= fi = 106 Hz, from Prob. P5.19, Ey = 4.3275¢70.0533z cos (2m x 105t F 0.074z + 0.19887) a, V/m_ forz20 Hy = £0.05¢70.05332 cos (2 x 1061 0.074z) ay A/mm forz 20 Following in the same manner as in Prob. P5.19 for f= fy = 3 x 106 Hz, we have = 0.07 Np/m B=0.1691 || = 129.42 (7 =0.1250 |m| Sb = 6471 Thus Ep = 6.47 1e*0.072 cos (6x x 1051 F0.1691z+0.1252) a, Vim —forz 20 Hy = £0.05¢70.07 cos (6m x 1061 ¥ 0.16912) ay A/m forz 20 Adding the two sets of fields, we have E=E,}+E, [4.3275eF0059%* cos (20 x 1061+ 0.0742 + 0.1988) + 6.47 1270972 cos (6 x 106t ¥ 0.16912 +0.1257)] a, Vin forz20 H=Hi+H) S 20,05 [€0058% cos (21 x 10 ¥ 0.0742) + 70.072 cos (61 x 1061 ¥0.1691z)] ay Am forz 20 3104.17. For H = Hoe cos (20 x 106 ~ 22) ax, Frat jpal+j2 = _ jo _ j2mx106 x4n 10-7 nes T+ 72 0.82/90" = 26.57 563.45 534/26 . H=3.531Hpe~ cos (2 x 106t - 22 + 0.14767) ay P=ExH = 1.1655HGe™ [cos 0.1476 + cos (42x 106-42 — 0.14762)] ay (a) = 1.7655H3e* cos 0.14760 = LST91HRe%* Wim? (b) Time-average power dissipated in the given volume ) = 1.579146 (1 = 1.365443 W 31P4.18, E= 10 cos (32x 1070.21) ay Vim @ © = 15 MHz an _ 2 = Be ggg 210m 7 @ _ 32x10" 15,497 = Ban = 15x 108 m/s . to. wpa lsxl= Te ee 15x 108 = 3*10° Er fer =2 e=4 120 n= Vege; = 2 =" co He ~gh c08 (34% 107 0.27) ay Note E x His in the + direction, since a, X (-ay) = ax. Thus =k cos (3x 1070.21») ay Be oe 312For €=2.25a and = Uo, 1 = =2x 108 ms P= Tg x 22569 els © 200m Ho. n= /zpbey = 8072 @ CExI ae zooms Vim 2B ) © Ede cause Vim as.3 13) =600 400-2000 200 400 60d "2, m @ plPydesauss Alm ot =620 -400 -200 0 200 400 600. Z,m =o. 3134.20, From the given plots, 10x10 o =5x 107 mis P 10x10" n= 952450 2 Thus 1 =5x107 We ee [Bease 45m = =9nx 10-7 =2.25) BS S107 i 1 10 Su0 nase 225 = 16 3146 Zp E36 2g x 103 <1 ae ‘P4.21, 2x x10° x3x10 ‘1. The material behaves like an imperfect dielectric. «-$B-aSe) 2S [B10 , 1200 Ve 2 e A ~ ofa (1+<] 0883 x 10-4 mo} 6 = oe = IG ye36276 ain x v= e142 0 el bare? 1__3xi08 =e = 1.732 x 108 mi ee ° a- Lf Flue sare 1__ 3x108 * Fle 108 x3 =. [#l(,-3-27_), 2 7 -El(-e) +08] - ue (1 +/0.003) = (217.66 + j0.653) 2 = 173.21 m Distance in which fields are attenuated by the factor e~! “ Tomes ™= 9.189 x 103 m= 9.189 km 315)P4.22, fa) 2 Ze @) f= 100 kt, Z = o=4 Sim, €= 8069, = Ho ‘= 10 GHz, 2 = =o ccl a 3 9 ~ 100 The medium behaves like an imperfect dielectric. g [h_4 | Mo _2x1200 _ a gfe F Oey = Jag = 843 Nem si... S 6 = 5 = yqg 700119 m= 11.9 mm B= oie = 2x10" 80, 873 rad/m x =F 23385 10-3 m= 3.355 mm 10 op = Ba gry 703355 x 108 m/s 7-(E-E = 15. 4x36% ___ 9 103 >>1 2m x10° x80 x10 ‘The medium behaves like a good conductor. a= [fac =n x10° x 42x10 x4 =040mr1 a “a” 04m B= life = 0.4m rad/m =0,796 m a= =O.1m1+/)2 316P4.23. (HD, = 0.1 cos} 27x 108 ay Alm = Ho. The medium is a perfect dielectric. (a) o=0,€=9e, = 4002 =108 ms, 7 Vio“ 8 2 Efe, = 40m x 0.1 cos3 | 2x rots 2eg*,) a = 4 cos} (20x 1081-27) ay Vim (b) c= 10-3 Sim, e= 90, W= Lo cost 2mx 108r= 3 cos 2mx 1081+ 4 cos 6x 10% 3 107 x36n 1 eum is an i AO x36 = Lc 1. The medium is an imperfect 2nx10®x9x10% 50 dielectric at both frequencies. g [iH _10% [uo ae fe a-Si = = 960 02m; T= JE = 4022 = wpe = 2m for w= 20x 108 + EG, t) = 4e0.02 cos3 (27 x 108 2m) ay Vim (© 0=10S/m, e=98,1= Mo 10x36 = Ooo, ‘The medium is a good conductor 6x10 x9x107 at both frequencies. a= p= aia. 7 = PE as: For f= 108, a= B= Vx x10° x42x10~ x10 = 200 ae ETL ETSY [AS = 2Bnp4s' 0 317P4.23.. (continued) For f=3 x 108, a= B= 203m, 7] = 2V6x/45" E(z, #) = (0.67e-20% cos (24 x 1081 - 207 + m/4) +0.38¢-34.64% cos (67 x 108r — 34.64 nz + 1/4)] ay where 0.67 = 3x 0.1x2V2m and 0.38 = $x0.1x2V6e 3184.24, Example 1.9 3194.25, Atr=a, Eoi= Een Da=Dr Thus Egy sin = -Eqn( 1-2 | sin 8 @ 01 Sin 8= ~Eoa| 1-275 ' @ eB, cos O= 6B [1+ 325] e088 (2) From (1), Epa = 4 Eo 4 3 Then from (2), €\Eo1 = 3 &Eo1 > 6) = 2% 320P4.26. Let E,=En + Eni @ E2= E2+En2 @) where t and n denote ‘tangential’ and ‘normal,’ respectively. Then from the boundary conditions at the interface between the two media Ey -E2=0 @ Pn ~Dr2=0 @) Then subtracting (2) from (1), we have E, — Ez = Eni -En2 = (Ent ~ En2) @n so that (Ey — Ea) is in the direction normal to the boundary. Thus, unit vector no-mal to the boundary is given by he SE "(Ei -Ea] Fo(4a, +2ay + Saz) — 3£o(a, +z) [Bo (day + 2ay + 5az) — 3Ep(ay +a,) + 2ay + 2a, 3 Emi = Ey * aq = “2 (444410) = 650 Ena = Ep * aq = Eo (1 +2) = 3E9 ‘nce Ent. -Pat/€L — £2 in vs Since il = pall = 22 in view of (4), we get «: The required permittivity is 2e. 3214.27, Atr=a, Bn = Br Hoy = He Thus Boy cos = al +1945 cosa o a ~ Bi sin o- fa on Some @ From (1), Boy = 2.94892 Then from (2), 2.942 _ Foo Th % «0.03 2.94 1 = Fg Ho = 9814) 322, medium 24.28, From the solution to Prob. P4. Pro | — Aart yay (+ d)a, + yay Wl, 0° 20 | nd ey edt Po [= +yay day + al Ol, o= 2teg | Gay? aay?” =-—Puod =~ 2 2) x mEg(d* + y") which is completely normal to the conductor. Thus the boundary condition of zero tangential component of electric field on the conductor surface is satisfied. From the boundary condition for the normal component of D, Ps =a_,°D md? +y*) The total induced surface charge per unit width in the z-direction “Shlain |oe =e aL => pLo 323on P4.29. E= Eq sin © sin & cos ara, = in © cos & H= Ho sin © cos & sin axa, ® o, & gi, Hz cos © sin F sin or a, Using ps = a, *D =a, + 4e;Ep, we obtain [Ps], IPs = 9 = Ay AeolE], «= 40 sin © sin 3 cos wx 2 sin B 4eBg sin & sin F cos ox B sin Z sin ona, a 07g B cog B si — Hoy sin cos F sin ara, = B gin Z 1 X (HD, . = Hop cos % sin F sin axa, B ogg Z + Hoy sin & cos & sin or a, in ® si Hoy sin © sin axa, Us), 2 g= 72 HH, . = Hoi sin = sin ara 3242nx10° 3x108 P430, Forz>0: 7=0+j 7 = 120n10" Forz<0: 7 = 0.05334 + j0.07401 36.5477/35.783" 7 Let the complex electric field at z = 0+ be E,(0+) = Ey. Then from continuity of Ey at 2=0, E(0-) = E,(0+) = Zp. Proceeding further, we have P E,(0+) _ Hy OW = 0m = Tom E,(0-) Ey AYO) = ~ Be Sa71[55.18S" ~~ BOS4TT 35.18 From the boundary condition a, x (H ~ Hy) = Js at z = 0, we can write a; X [H,(0+) - H, (0-J]ay = -0.2a, 1 1 (ras + SOSATI[SS. 18S J oe Ep {0.002653 + (0.009373 — j0.006756)] = 0.2 ze 02 on - 0 VoT205— 0.006736 ~ O0T38— 25.318" = 14-493220.518" Thus E, (0+) = E,(0-) = 14.493/29.318" '4.493(0.1637 14,493 cos (22x10% 152+ 0.1680) a, forz>0 E= 14,493¢53342 cos (2m x10%r +0.07401z+0.1632) a, forz <0 6, 0.0384 cos (2 x10°r—7252+0.1630) ay forz>0 H= 0.16752 534 cos (27 x 10% +.0.07401z +0.9647) ay forz<0 325P431. For z > 0, €= 2.25€, U= Ho Thus, let = Eq cos (62x 1081— 372) ay forz >0 Then from continuity of Ex atz=0, Ep = Epcos (61x 1081+ 4mz) a, forz <0 Proceeding further, we have Hy = G2 cos (6x 108-32) ay forz > 0 Hy = — 222 cos (67x 108 + 412) ay forz <0 From the boundary condition a, x (By ~Hz)=Js at z =0, we can write aX (sera) cos 61x 1081 ay = -0.2 cos 6x 108 ay TE _ 482 OF, 740 = 0-2 Fo =F ‘Thus the required solutions are BF cos (64 x10%—3m2) a, Vim fore >0 E 48% cos (6nx10%+4m) a, Vim forz<0 pcos (62x 108-3) a, Am forz>0 ae] 3 Fe c0s (6x x 108% +42) ay Alm fore <0 326P432, For o= 10~ Sim, e= Se, = jo, f= 1.5 x 105 Hz, (6.283 + j9.425) x 10-3 7} = 104.559/33,69" 290.002 + j57.999 _ 295.745/168.69" * 463.998 + 757.999 ~ 467. 609/7.125 = 0.6325/161.565" t=1+P=1+0.6325/161.565" =0.44j0.2 = 0.4472/26.565" E, .6325Ep cos (3 x 105t-+ 10-3 + 0.89767) ay Vin 0.4472 ge 62810 os (34 105r— 9.425 x 10-3 + 0.14762) ay Vin 3274,33, Eqcos3 (3 x 105¢— 10-31) ax = 3 cos (31x 105r— 10-3) ay + cos (97x 1051-3 x 10-31) ay For f= 1.5 x 105 Hz, = 104.559133,69" 7 = 6.283 + j9.425) x 10-3 F = 0.6325/161.565%, = 0.4472/26.22" For f=4.5 x 105 Hz, 7 = (7.894 + j22.504) x 10-3 7 = 148.983/19.33" TM _ 148.983/19.33"-377 Pa Tam 48: aa 4377 236.416 + 49.315 _ 241.505/168.217° = SIT584+ 749.315 —— 519.928/5.443" = 0,4645/162.774" T= 1+T =1+0.4645/162.774" = 0.5563 + j0.1376 =05731/13.893" E, = [0.4744Ep cos (3 x 105t + 10-3zz + 0.89767) ay 4+ 0.1161E9 cos (97x 105+ 3 x 10-3 + 0.904372) a] Vim E,= [0.3354 Ege 28107 + 00s (3 105t- 9.425 x 10-37 + 0.14767) ay 3 4$0.1433Ege-7 894107 + 60s (97x 105t — 22.504 x 10-3z + 0.0772) ax] Vim4.34, Medium 1: E,=ie "+E e™ Hel(peve Eel Hi = 7, (oe* Ere") Medium 2: E,=EjeP" +B" = 3 (Ete B® — Ereb® = le O Eje"*) Medium 3: E-Ben® i= eens Using boundary conditions, we have EytE Ry-E=3E}-Ey) XE; -&)=-2Be Solving, we get B=-4&, Ef=§m, Ey=dm, Bf =-2 eez 2 2.2 T Ty Jefe 12-3 Exes Vim o tt ey ps (a) [300 ) OD gs acy Alm 4 fo 3304.36. Let the reflected wave electric field be E, = E} cos (ar— fe + $) ae Then using the boundary condition that the tangential component of the total electric field be zero on the perfect conductor surface, we have Eq cos wt + Ey cos (at + ¢) =0 BE, =-Eo,9=0 s+ E,=—Eo cos (@t + Bz) ax = 2B cos (ur +) ay The total fields are E =E;+E,= [Epcos (ar - fe) ~ Ep cos (ax + Bz)] ay = 2Ep sin ax sin fe ay H=Hi+H,= [2 cos (or~ fo) + 72 cos (r+ pa], cas wrcos ica, Finally, UsI_.9=-#: 0 2 aux Beorwe, 2Eo = 2 cos ora; 7 331RAL. sa —_—_ ay Let the surface charge densities be ps1. ps2» Ps3, and psq on the surfaces 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Then from charge neutrality in each conductor, psi + ps2=0 a psa + pss=0 (0) For the electric fields inside the two slabs to be zero, Ta (Psa + psi — ps2— Ps3— Ps4— Psp)=0 Dap (P5A+ psi P52 Psa ~ ps4 ~ P58) =0 of Psi — PS2 — PS3 — PS4 = PSB PSA @B) Psi + ps2 + ps3 — Ps4= PsB— PSA “ From (1) — (4), we obtain 1 Psi = 3 (Psp ~ Psa) 1 psr= 3 (Psa ~ Psa) a1 ps3 = (Psp ~ Psa) 1 psa = 3 (Psa ~ PsB) 332R42, Dy 65 15 OVE, Dyl=e|15 25 0}, D, o 0 2h Dz= 06.5E; + 1.5Ey) Dy = &(1.5Ey + 2.5E)) For characteristic polarizations involving x- and y-components only, Dy _65E,+15Ey _E, TSE, +25Ey ~ Ey ‘The characteristic polarizations are given by Ey = ZoiGar +a) Ep = Eon(ar—3ay) In terms of the two characteristic polarizations, let E = Fylax—a) =Ep) (3a; + ay) + Eoz(ax—3ay) Then 3Eo1 + Eon = Eo Eo - 3E02 =o Solving, we obtain 333R42. (continued) E = Ep(ar—a) Boa, +a,)+ 2a, —30,) 334R43. Let the charge density be 2 (225 «) (mw) a, 335R44, From the given electric field 3.4 €~0.04322 cos (40 x 106t — 0.18292) ax we note that @=4nx 106 7 = a+ jB=0.0432 + 0.1829 Now, since n= Jjaua + jae) = JOU = joy we have = _ jpg _ j4nx10®x4nx10~7 n= =" 00437 + j0.1829 1.6n7¢!*/? © 0:18796/062 = 84e/00738" Proceeding further, we observe that Liane jos) - | +38 =o+ joe 336R44. (continued) Therefore 0.1879 ei04262" ative = OO = 2.2369 x 10-3 @i0.3524" = 2.2369 x 10-3 (0.4473 + j0.8944) = 103 +j2x 103 so that 337RAS. From the given sketches of the fields for the triangular pulse source, we can obtain for medium 2, 20s = as 75108 mis =F =) = 60n= n= Bae r= Now, we know that the pulse duration in medium 1 is 3 ss and because of continuity of tangential electric field at z = 0, the peak value of Ey for z < 0 is the same as that for z>0. Thus, for medium 1, v= BOB = 05x08 ms=§ m Now, for Js =—Jso cos 6x 1081 ay A/m, let Ey = Fy cos nx 108 + SEX10% osxi08 ) * = Egos (6x 1081+ 12z) a, W/m for z<0 Then 8 62x10! Jas = Ey cos| 6 x10°r— Ba= ( 0.75x108* = Ecos (6x 1081~ 822) ay Vim for z>0 A= -& cos (6x 108 + 12nz) ay A/m for <0 Hy= Ao cos (6x 1081 87) a, Alm for 2>0 338‘RAS. (continued) From the boundary conditions for H at z=0 2c {{B coy ~[Bh lao} =Is or, a,X (z& cos 6 x10°r a, +a cos 62 x108¢ 4) =—Js0 cos 61 x 108 ay 26( she woz) =/0 By = MOE Ing Thus, for z <0, Ey = AOE Joo cos (6 x 108 + 12m) ax Vin Hi= 3 Isp cos (6% 108 + 1272) ay Alm. and for z>0, 2405 Ep = ™ Jso cos (6m x 108 - Bz) ax Vim Hz = 5 Jsp cos (6x x 108 ~ B72) ay Am Proceeding further, we obtain the instantaneous Poynting vectors on either side of the sheet: P|=E1 x Hy = ~ TERE Jy cos? (67x 108+ 122) a, Wh? for 2 <0 339R45, (continued) P2=E2 x Ha = POOF 3p cos? (6x x 108 — Br) ay Win? for z > 0 Thus, the time-average power radiated by the sheet per unit area of the sheet =
+ (-a,) +
ay 720m , 960) 72 =3 “ag Tag so = 2208 35 w 340R46. For 3x+4y=12,2=0 3dx+4dy=0,dz=0 dyed (-4,438) For 3x+12z=12,y=0 tA +12 13 Let D = Doan. Then, since Ps9 = a, * D, we have Ps0 = an * Doan = Do 3a, +4ay +12a, Thus D = ps) —~—3-——= From a, x H= Js, Js is perpendicular to H (and a,). n, H, and Js form a right-handed set of orthogonal vectors. Hence, we can write H=Jsx aq RE s0( 4-38) py Gay + day + 12a.) J 2 (36a, + 48ay~ 25a) 341R47. Ey = Eo; (a) At(0,0,a) z veo aie (0,0,a) &* € .- Ey is entirely normal. Dp =D) = 2608 = 2epE oa, Ey = Dole = 28a (b) At(0, a, 0), an = ay, Ey is entirely tangential. 2 By =Ey = Boar © At (0,03, a4) a, = (ay +0.) Let Ep = Epyts + Eayity + Ea, ‘Then from a, X (Ez —E1) = 0, we have a ym 0 1 1 lE>x Ey Baz ~ By or, Ex,~ Ey~ Exy=0 a Fax=0 ® From a, * (D2 —D})=0, we have (ay + a2) * [6p axas + €0E2yay + (E922 — 2€0Eo)az] = 0 or, Ey Bag -2E9=0 @) Solving (1) and (3), we obtain Ezy = 3:0, Eae= $0 Thus, Ep = 2a, +3a,) 342RAS. Ho, & Ho, 980 Ho, & 7 EX 3 ED 3 ES e Ei Medium 1 Medium 2 ‘Medium 3 En z=0 32 2205 Let fy = oo = © be the phase constant in medium 1. Then B= @,/fig= 98 = 3B; and 3 = By. Let 7 = ,|42 = no be the intrinsic impedance of medium 1. Then m= se = and m3 =m. We can thus write the following equations for the total fields in the three media: al 1 = Efe JB + Egelbiz Eg = Ee Pit + Eel Pe Exg = Ege Be Exje"iPre — EzeiBre) (E,e~/3Bit - Eze /38i2) 1 eee, Fy = Be Pe Matching the boundary conditions at z = 0 and z = 0.5, we have @ @) 343R48, (continued) Exe" JSP + Bell 5 = BeWi058, 3) 30g Enel 5th) = 4 Bren (Ege 4A — Eigel 9) = Ege 0501 @) From (3) and (4), we get, Exe 5B + Ezzell 5A = 3(E fei 5A - Exell Shs) 4B gel 5A = 2B be 5H: i = OSE Le PA Substituting in (1) and (2), we have Ei +Eq = Es ( +0.5e 2341 ) Ei-Eq 3Ep(I-0.5e 7 ) For no reflection at the interface z= 0, Ey, must be zero. Then 1+0.5e7A = 31-0571) 2A PB; Ignoring fj = 0, which corresponds to zero frequency, we obtain 3By = 2a, 47, 67, ... or, f2=2n, 47,67, sa 2x, 4m, 6m, ... 344RAB, (continued) = 108, 2x 108, 3 x 108, .. ‘Thus the required minimum frequency is 108 Hz. Proceeding further, for a nonsinusoidal periodic wave to undergo no reflection at z =O, its Fourier components must be 108, 2 x 108, 3 x 108, ... Hz. Therefore the required maximum value of its period must be I/fundamental component, or 1/108 = 10-8. 3455.1. (a) VeVxA AHP Mo SF MB Me F 346P52. (0) Ve (aya; +yzay + 2xa,)=y +z+x40 VX (xyay + yey + 2x@2) ay ay ay =|2 22 “le % yee yar ay ~ 1a, #0 -* cannot be expressed as the curl of another vector or the gradient of a scalar. @) ve ri6os ba, +5in 6a) T =12(s82) =~ 40s 9+heos ¢ 7 r =0 vx ree a, +sin § ag) *. can be expressed as the curl of another vector and also as the gradient of, ascalar. 3475.2. (continued) ov sin vx a ag Zeing rnd + =| 2 go 2 =) 8 0 0 sin? @ 2 = cos 6a, Zoos Om #0 -. can be expressed as the curl of another vector but not as the gradient of a scalar. 3485.3. (a) ) © €° (cos.x ay— sin x ay) * (dx ay +dy ay+ dz az) cosxdx—e™ sinx dy = d(e? sinx) Ox, y= (cos 9 a,—sin gag) * (dra, + rdpag +dza,) = cos ¢dr—rsin gd =d(r cos 9) Or, gz) = rcos @ Fy eos 8a, + sin ag) * (dra, +rdO.ag+r sin Odd ag) 2cos@ sin@ = ar ao cos 0 -4(-F") 1, = - 58 349P5.4. The unit vector along the line of intersection of two planes is perpendicular to the normal vectors to the two planes. For the planes ayx+ ay y+a3z= Cy byxt by y+ b3z= cy the normal vectors are (aya, + aay +a3a,) and (bya, + byay + b3a,), respectively. Thus the required unit vector is (21x + aay + 438,)X(bray + bya, + bya) © lajay +agay + aya,)X(bya, + boay +b,a,)] og (GPa — aba ax + (ashy — abs hy + (abe — aby az eaabs — agba + (ah, ~ aba) (aby —aQbF For the planes x+y +z= 3 andy=x, 1, b3=0, 4a, = a) = a3 = 1, by = 1, by = ‘The unit vector along their intersection is 350P5.5. Let the equation of the plane be Ax+ By+Cz=D ‘Then since the plane is normal to the vector (ax + bay + ca,), (Aay + Bay + Caz) X (aay + bay + ca) = 0 =D’ Since the plane passes through the point (x, yo, 20)s ax + byo + cz =D’ ax + by +.cz = ax9 + byp + cz a(x ~ x0) + bY ~ yo) + e(@ - 20) For the surface xyz = 1, a normal vector is Viay2) = year + exay + aya atl +5) this vector is 2a, + day + ‘Thus the required equation is, 2(x-4)+4(y-g) +g 0-9 =0 Det dye peed 16x-+32y+7=24 351P56, V2A=V(V*A)-VXVXA (WW + AD], = ger Gee (VxVx A), venas WWxVxAl, = Z[VxA],-ZIVxA], “8LS-2e)}- SSeS] 352PS.6.. (continued) [Wa], =(V(V+A],-[Vx Vx A], VA = (v4 4-3 St) ora( v4 3 Se) ag +(V"A,) a, 7 353P57. Vix, y) =xy The potential field is two-dimensional in x and y, and independent of z. Hence, itis sufficient to plot the cross sections of the equipotential surfaces in a constant-z plane. These are given by xy = constant, Thus the x and y axes correspond to zero potential. ‘A few equipotential lines for nonzero values of V are shown by the solid curves in the figure. It can be seen that the first and third quadrants are characterized by positive values of V, whereas the second and fourth quadrants are characterized by negative values of V. y ‘The direction lines of the electric field can now be sketched as shown by the dashed curves in the figure, by recognizing that they must be everywhere perpendicular to the equipotential lines. To do this formally, we find that -VW=-Vory) —yar— may and the equation for the direction lines is given by ane) xdx-ydy=0 22 y= constant which corresponds to hyperbolas, as shown by the dashed curves.P58. 2 v= rege tyte - 2 “4RE 0) (x = Ax)? +y* +2 + 2 Seq (a Ax)? + y? +(e Ae)? - 2 ‘4ne0 Ix? + y? + (z—Az)* +fi-[2Bsinoconps 28 (i+fas gars )-(4go+ gor. ) fiefern+gero?+..]} 2 woere a= | 2 sin cos (4) | =e Continuing, we have Ve 3QAx Az 4negr> sin Acos Ocos 3855,8, (continued) cos 20.c0s $ag cos 6 sin g +) = 3QArAZ 1 « q = Tat @ sin Bc0s Beos 6a, cos 280s Hag cos Bsin ba) 356s,9,. Considering a differential length dz’ at (0, 0, 2’), we have Pro de" dv= 4neJr? +(@-2'? Hence, ve [7 Pro de 5 e'=-@ Aner? +(2-z') Making the change of variable (z~z') =r tan a, dz’ =—r sec? ada, we have va [% —Puprsec? odor Nore ‘4mer sec = Pio f% = Gelman, seca da = - F2[in (seca + tan aft = PLb jp ($00 + tan a) ie in See ean) = PLO jg ir? + (z+a)? + (24a) ane VP + (2—a)? +(e) Equipotential surfaces are given by yr? +a)? + rence ©) — constant, say € Ir? + (z-a)? +(z—a) Then AP +(e+a)? -cyr? + (ea)? =cle-a)-(¢ +a) ‘Squaring both sides and simplifying, rearranging, and then squaring both sides and simplifying, we get 3975.9. (continued) (c2 = 1?r? + 4e(e - 1)°z? - 4e(c + 12a? = 0 eo fs eae = This is the equation of an ellipse in the ¢ = constant plane, having semimajor axis > a along the -direction and semiminor axis ave along the r-direction. Distance from center to either focus is ‘Thus the equipotential surfaces are ellipsoids with the ends of the line as their foci 358P5.10. From Example 5.4, for a single infinitely-long line charge of uniform density pyo along the z-axis, — PD int 2neg For two line charges, _ Dey 1 2mey 1 e ta’ ud =f (ay 359PS.11, With reference to the figure, V at center bi >a we red oe yt blz 20 noel ae PE = get EE) - af ah? * I:=0 * ~b/a| tas 24% seco = BB i 22 sec? od0 Fo 70 Ztand alb 5 past [ tn (cot 8+ cosec 6) sec? 8.40 In(cot @ +cosec 8) 6590 650 ‘cot Lim tan 6 In (cot 6 + cosec @)=Lim ~coses? 9 ~ in 700802? B~cOtO c086C8 _ im ging 9-30 —cosec? 6 (cot @-+cosec@) 6-40 For a square-shaped conductor of sides a, b = a, and Vat center = £0 a. In (EF )-0 In f=} = Psot = n+ v2) 360P5122. Cn) (x42) =P fe fin fora? +P In fen 9499 Ja = REI? {inl ap? +9? ]-in[ox-any? +99] fae Ps an xy 12 4, 2 dy 4. PSO [7-2 In(x’2 +3) dx’ =H rane, NOP A HET, NPD b> eH ~ B22 [x inv? 439) ~23' +29 tan7! x] Lax, ao +2 [xin (0? 4 y= 2x" yp tanh “a-% 3615.12, (continued) = ~ £2 {a-mpintta—nF +1 +(a+x) In[atxy2+y)2]-4a 8) +f {a-piatiema?? +99) + (a+) In [(a +x," + yp?) -4a +2, [tart (52) +1 (5 I} = £2 {lam )inl(a-n +981 + (a+ xp) In [(a-+xy + yp] =(a-x) n[a-mP +17) ~(a4 x) In ax +y42) -1( 2= 32 -1( atx, rmn[aer(52)-(S2)] = -1f 2-41 -1(a+x 2n fm (S va (5 I} 3625.13, From symmetry considerations, A is independent of g. Hence it is sufficient to find A. at P(r, 8, 0) and then generalize it. Thus _ Hla do ag CS aaR _ la d9 (~sin 9 a, +008 $ ay) ~ ae Jr sin 0—a cos 6)" + (0—a sin 9)? +(r cos 0-07" Mla dé (sin $ a, +008 9 ay) * an Jr? +a? ~2ar sin 8 £08 @ la d@ (~sin a, +08 9 ay) TNE tr(14 5-22 ino cos ‘| ~ HEME (14 sin 0.005 6) sin 6, +005 6.) 3635.13. (continued) als $-4sin 6 sin 6 cos *) 4s] a, +] (cos 9+4sin @ cos? 9) dg] (iC or ‘) | +} _ Hla na _ Mina = ig sina, = Er sin Bay Generalizing, we have at an arbitrary point (r, 8, @), where r>> a, = Mina _ Hm x ay A= Hi sin Oy = AER where m = /7a?a, is the dipole moment of the loop.’ Proceeding further B=VxA [= al sin ° weer 3 Bu ]e 2 w 2 um sin? 8 ° “ar = 74 (2cosea, +sinag) 4ar 364a, ay a vx@a) =| 2 g g @A, PA, OA, ay a, aa yz" Ay A A Mo F > =OVXA+VOXA =OVXA-AXVO Ax VO =®VXA-Vx(@A) He Pays > sly Ar 365PS.15. 0 forx<-d for -d d G, forx<-d w O(-B)ec for - d forx<—d for -d d 366PS.15. (continued) for -—d d Bod From V = 0 at x= 0, and continuity of V at x = +d, we obtain Cg = C7 = 0, Cs = —- eo Pod” 68 forx<-d 3 Pf dens? 2s - Je a+. +3) for -d d 367