Novel Noise Improvement Technique for a PMSM

with Concentrated Winding

Yoshinari Asano*, Yukio Honda*, Hiroshi Murakami*,

Yoji Takeda**, and Shigeo Morimoto**

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.,Ltd.*

c/o Morofuku 7-1-1, Daito-shi, Osaka
574-0044 J a p a n
Phone : +81-72-870-3141
Fax : +81-72-870-3153
E -mail : PAN53526@pas.mei.co .jp

Osaka Prefecture Univ., Osaka, Japan**

used in the compressor drives for refrigerators

Abstract and air-conditioners. Fig.1 (a) and (b) show the
typical structures of PMSM with the distributed
The vibration of concentrated winding motors winding and the concentrated winding
tends to be higher than distributed winding respectively.
motors. This phenomenon is caused b y the
projection ofradial stress.
Hence, an effort has been made to reduce the
U1
vibration of the concentrated winding motors
u2
considering its radial stress. In this paper, it is u3
shown that for the concentrated winding motors
the radial stress becomes partly large which
makes deformation of the stator core. Therefore,
air gap length where radial force is large has been
enlarged. It has been found that the radial stress
in the air gap becomes smooth by enlarging the air
(a)SPMSM with distributed winding
gap partly and consequentlj the vibration of the
motors can also be reduced.

Key words: concentrated winding motor, radial stress,

SPMSM, IPMSM.

1.Introduction
w1
Recently there is a great demand for energy
saving and environment-friendly electric
appliances. Hence, motors for the electric
appliances are also required to be highly (b)SPMSM with concentrated winding
efficient. Fig.1. Typical configuration of SPMSM.
Permanent magnet synchronous motors
(PMSMs) with concentrated winding have been

0-7803-7156-9/02/$10.000 2002 IEEE - 460 - PCC-Osaka 2002

 Generally, motor losses mainly consist of the Fig.3 shows the deformation of stator core by
iron and the copper losses. The iron loss (WFe) FEM analysis when the radial force and the
and the copper loss ( WJ are given by equations tangential force were generated a s shown below.
(1) and (2 )respectively. The radial force and the tangential force act
Wc"=PRu (1) inside the stator core, and the stator core is
wFe=Khyflm'' 6fKeddfBmz(2) transformed into a n oval form. This deformation
where I is the phase current, 2, is the is a n indication of the amplitude of vibration. I t
resistance of phase winding, f is the frequency, has been observed t h a t this amplitude of
B, is the maximum value of the magnetic flux vibration for a 4-pole PMSM is about 1.5 times
density, Khys and Keddyareconstants depending on larger than t h a t of the 6-pole PMSM.
the material.
._.............. .............1 ...................................................... ...._
Motors in compressors are operated a t high - SO ~ - 3

speed to lower the temperature quickly, and are

I

..-
a 2 0
operated a t low speed for a long time to maintain
0 1

the desired temperature. I

Therefore, to improve the efficiency, it is (a)4-$%?"$PMSM

k i t h distributgz %ding *'
essential to decrease the copper loss. I n the
concentrated winding motor the windings are
directly wound around the stator tooth and the
resistance of the winding becomes smaller than 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
TDefh number Teelh numher
t h a t of the distributed winding. Hence, the
motors with concentrated winding can decrease (b)4-pole SPMSM with concentrated winding
the copper loss and can realize high efficiency. - 5o ..................................................................................................

2. The principle for the generation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 1 5 6 1 8 9

Teeth number Teeth number

of the noise for the PMSM (c)6-pole SPMSM with concentrated winding
Fig.2. Radial force and tangential force on each tooth
First, the principle for the generation of the
noise for the PMSM with concentrated winding
has been analyzed. Table 1 shows the
specifications of the test motor. Fig.2 shows the
radial force and the tangential force on each
tooth a t rated load. The radial force of the PMSM
with distributed winding is dispersed in 24 teeth
so t h a t the radial force is small. However, a large (a) 4-pole (b) 6-polel
radial force yields to each tooth in the case of the Fig.3. Typical deformation of stator
PMSM with concentrated winding. core.
Table 1. Motor Specification.

Stator c o n f i g u r a t i o n IDistibutedl
winding
Concentrated winding
Po I e 1 4 1 4 1 6 1 4

0 90 180
Angle ,e [de 1
Fig.4. Spatial distribution of.radial stress.

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 . 3.2 Study of IPMSM
a!=O'
Investigation has been also carried out for
interior permanent magnet. synchronous motors
(IPMSMs). As shown in Fig.9, permanent
T1 T2 magnets are laid inside the rotor core of the
Fig.5. Momentary change of magnetic flux IPMSM. Because the rotor has a magnetic
density i n the air gap. saliency, both the magnet torque and the
reluctance torque are available. The IPMSM is
I n the next step, experimental investigation h a s especially suitable for the motors with rare earth
been carried out to decrease the vibration of the magnets because the eddy current loss caused i n
4-pole PMSM. Attention h a s been paid to the the rare e a r t h magnets decreases greatly by
change of the magnetic flux density in the air- burying the magnet into the rotor.
gap. Fig.4 shows Maxwell's stress distribution of
the PMSM at rated load. Fig.5 shows the change
of the magnetic flux density in the air-gap
against time a t a point. Magnetic flux density
changes rapidly a t instants T 1 and T2. It is
found t h a t the rapid flux change generates
unfavorable vibrations, because the rapid flux
change consists of the high frequency excitation
component.

3.Partly Enlarged Air Gap

3.1 Study of SPMSM

As shown i n Fig. 6, for a surface permanent

magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM), the air-
gap at the portion where Maxwell's stress is 0 90 180
Angle 0 [deg.]
large was expanded. As a result, the change of
Fig.8. Spatial distribution of radial stress.
the magnetic flux density became smooth a s
shown in Fig.7, and the projection of the
Maxwell's stress was improved as shown in Fig.8
Rotor c( .
Magnet ,

\I

The part
enlarged
gap

Fig.9. Typical configuration of the IPM

Fig.6. Structure of tooth. rotor.

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 addition, the numbers of peaks are decreased,
too. Fig.13 shows the results of the experiment
for the IPMSM. The IPMSM have higher
projection of radial stress, and hence the
vibration level is much larger t h a n the SPMSM.

0 90 180
Angle 0 [deg.]
(a) Uniform air gap.

Fan

0 90 180 Fig. 11. Measurement equipment of

Angle 0 [deg.] motor vibration.
(b) Partly enlarged air gap.
Fig.10. Spatial distribution of the radial stress.
-36. 6dB -42. 4dB

The distribution of the Maxwell's stress of the

IPMSM is shown in fig.10. The characteristic of
..'"
s%
LIL r.c
a"

ID" ID.v
the IPMSM shows t h a t it h a s much projection of
radial stress in comparison with t h a t of the -80
0 5kHz
-c)
0 5kHr

SPMSM. The projection of radial stress for the 4-pole Uniform air gap 4-pole Partly enlarged air gap.
IPMSM is reduced by the partial air gap -43.5dB -.o
-m

expansion. However, much projection still

remains compared to that of the SPMSM. Thus, F EF
1C" UT"

the noise of IPMSM is larger t h a n the SPMSM,

I O M I loI,

and the effect of the partial air gap expansion is

u, .aa
minimum. 0 5kHz 0 5kHz

6-pole Uniform air gap 6-pole Partly enlarged air gap.

4. Experimental Results Fig. 12. Motor vibration in radial direction.
(SPMSM)
Several experimental PMSMs with
concentrated winding were manufactured, and
the vibration of the motors were measured with
the method a s shown in the Fig.11. Fig.12 shows
the results of the experiment for SPMSM.
Vibration peaks of the 6-pole motor a t about
3kHz are decreased by about lOdB in comparison
with the 4-pole motor. Furthermore, vibration
peaks a t about 3kHz are decreased by about 4-pole Uniform air gap 4-pole Partly enlarged air
lOdB by partial air gap expansion and i n gap
Fig. 13. Motor vibration in radial direction.
(IPMSM)
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 Next, Fig.14, shows the cross-sectional view of
the compressor with the developed SPMSMs.
The vibration of this compressor is measured
under loaded condition. Fig.15 shows the result
of the experiment.
I n the frequency bandwidth of 2.5kHz and
3.15kHz, and overall condition, the noise level
goes on decreasing in the order of 4-pole uniform
air gap, 4P partly enlarged air gap, and 6-pole
uniform air gap.
The reduction of the noise of the actual
compressor drive with concentrated winding
PMSMs again confirms our earlier observation
t h a t the vibration of the PMSMs with
concentrated winding can be reduced by the
reduction of the radial stress. Hence, the concept
t h a t the partial air gap expansion decrease the
vibration level of PMSMs with concentrated
winding h a s been practically verified.
Fig.14.Compressor. (Cut model)
0 4P P a r t l y enlarged airgap
Frequency
Fig.15. Compressor sound i n load.
(SPMSM)
5.Conclusions
The following conclusions are drawn by paying
attention to the radial stress for the generation
of vibration of a concentrated winding PMSM.
(1) The vibration of concentrated winding motors
tends to be higher than distributed winding
motors.
( 2 ) This phenomenon is caused by the projection
of radial stress.
(3) For a concentrated wincling motor, the radial
stress becomes partly large which makes
deformation of the stator ccjre.
(4) Radial stress in the air gap becomes smooth
by enlarging the air gap partly, and the vibration
of the motors can be reduced.
(5) By multipolarizing, the radial stress can be
reduced.
(6) The projection of the radial stress for the
IPMSM is reduced by the partial air gap
expansion. However, much projection still
remains compared to the SI'MSM.
(7) The noise of IPMSM is larger t h a n the
SPMSM, and the effect of' the partial air gap
expansion is minimum.
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[Hzl
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