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Control Valves PRESENTATION PDF
Control Valves PRESENTATION PDF
CONTROL VALVES
CONTROL VALVE
A CONTROL VALVE IS A FINAL
CONTROL ELEMENT AND A POWER
OPERATED DEVICE WHICH
MODIFIES THE FLOW RATE
IN A PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM.
ROLE OF A CONTROL VALVE
It is used for
The correct distribution and control of
Reduction of Pressure
As a variable orifice
1. BODY
2. VALVE
3. ACTUATOR
BODY
The body is the pressure carrying part and it
meets all their applicable pressure,
temperature and corrosion requirements.
GLAND
BODY FLANGE
PACKING
STEM WITH
PLUG
INLET OUTLET
SEAT
TRIM
The trim of the valve consists of all the
parts which will be wetted other than the
body and the bonnet
Trim is the heart of the valve with a
primary function to proportion the valve
orifice in such a manner that a
prescribed relationship exists between
flow capacity and valve plug lift
The secondary function may be shut off
tightly.
The trim includes Seat, Plug, Stem,
Gland Follower, Gland Nut, Plug, Guide
Bushings and Cage
Stuffing box components considered as
trim are the packing, follower, Spring,
Lantern Ring, and Packing Retaining
Ring.
Secondary trim parts are stem to plug
attachments , seat retaining ring, seat
to body seals and spacers.
YOKE
SPRING
ADJUSTMENT
SPRING BASE
NUT
STEM COUPLING POINTER
TRAVEL SCALE
BONNET BASE
ACTUATOR
ACTUATOR
UTILISES AIR PRESSURE / ELECTRIC POWER
.
HYDRAULIC PRESSURE
TO ACT ON A DIAPHRAGM / PISTON AND
DEVELOP A FORCE TO MOVE THE
ACTUATOR STEM
ACTUTATOR
CLASSIFICATION
PNUEMATICALLY OPERATED DIAPHARGM
ACTUATOR
PNUEMATICALLY OPERATED CYLINDER
ACTUATOR
MOTOR OPERATED PISTON ACTUATOR
HYDRAULIC OPERATED PISTON
ACTUATOR
ACTUATOR PARTS
VENT
DIAPHRAGM
DIAPHRAGM
PLATE
CASINGS
DIAPHRAGM
ACTUATOR
INPUT SIGNAL
SPRING
ACTUATOR STEM
SPRING SEAT SPRING ADJUSTER
YOKE
STEM CONNECTOR
INDICATOR
SCALE
GLAND STUDS
LOCK NUT
GLOBE ANGLE
THREE-WAY
LINEAR GATE
MOTION DIAPHRAGM
PINCH OR CLAMP
VALVE
SEGMENTED
BALL
BALL
FULL
ROTARY
BALL
BUTTER FLY
MOTION
CYLIDRICAL
PLUG TAPERED
ECCENTRIC
SPHERE
T y p e s o f V a v le s
R o t a r y M o t io n
B a ll B u t t e r f ly P lu g
L in e a r M o t io n
G lo b e G a te D ia p h r a g m P in c h o r C la m p
G lo b e A n g le T h re e W a y
IT IS MOSTLY COMMONLY USED ONE.
IT IS A VALVE WITH A LINEAR CLOSURE
MEMBER
MOST COMMON TYPE CONTROL VALVE
CLASSIFIED AS
SINGLE SEATED AND
DOUBLE SEATED
SINGLE SEATED CONFORMS TIGHT SHUT OFF.
EXTENSION OF DOUBLE
DIRECTIONS
CONVERGES TWO
STREAMS OF FLOW TO
ONE
APPLICABLE WHERE STRAIGHT THROUGH FLOW
PATH , TIGHT SHUT OFF AND EASE OF OPERATION
ARE REQUIRED.
QUICK OPENING,
LINEAR,
Equal %
90
80
70
F 60
L
O 50
W 40
30
20
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% of valve opening
It is the number of US gallons per minute of water at 60
degree F that will pass through flow restriction at
maximum opening maintaining a pressure drop of 1 psi.
BASIC FLOW RATE FORMULA FOR LIQUIDS IS:
Q = K* A* SQRT {(P1-P2)/G}
Q=Flow rate in gpm or Kg/hr
p1=Upstream pressure in psig or Kg/cm2
p2=Downstream pressure in psig or Kg/cm2
G=Specific gravity at referred temperature
K= DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT, A = AREA
IF G =1 AND P1-P2 = 1, THEN Q = K*A
AS PER THE ABOVE DEFINITION,
Cv = K*A
NOW Q = Cv * SQRT {(P1-P2)/G}
VENA CONTRACTA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VENACONTRACTA
VELOCITY
PRESSURE
PV
P1
Control valves give problems mainly in three areas
1. Cavitation with associate noise and vibration
2. Flashing
3. Leakage of fluid around valve stem
Control valve selection is in step wise
step 1 : calculate CV
1.select valve type
step 2 : select valve size , trim size and characteristics.
Step 3 : select end connections
1. End connection type
2. End connection rating
Step 4 : select seat leakage
that is class1/2/3/4/5.
Step5: select actuator type and size
step 6: select valve materials
1. Valve body material
2.trim material
3 seat construction as dictated by seat leakage
4. Guided bushing
5.soft seat materials for class vi leakage
Step 7 : select packing material and bonnet type
1.packing material a)standard Teflon asbestos
b)Teflon v- ring c)Grafoil
2. bonnet type
standard / extended / bellows seal
extension
step8: select valve accessories
1.positioner
2.sov / volume booster / air set / lock up
valve / volume tank / limit switch / travel
stop ..etc
IN GENERAL, ALL MANUFACTURERS HAVE THEIR
OWN DESIGN DATA SHEETS, CONSIDERING THE
CRITICAL FLOW , CAVITATION , FLASHING AND
VALVE NOISE OF THE GIVEN PROCESS CONDITION
SMOOTH CONTROL
VALVE
STROKE
NOZZLE
S
O W
L
BEL EXHAUST
RELAY
VALVE
RESTRICTION
I/P SIGNAL
C.V.STEM
TO BELLOWS
FROM NOZZLE
CLASS I NOT SPECIFIED
CLASS II 0.5% RATED VALVE CAPACITY
5
AVOID
AVOID 5
4 4
3