Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 01
Chapter 01
Chapter 01
Chapter 01
Scientific method: The scientific method is the process by which science is carried out.
Physics: The branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and
energy.
Quantity in physics: The term used in physics is called quantity.
Physical quantities: Any quantity that can be measured is called physical quantity.
Length
Length: Length is defined as the straight-line distance between two points along an object. It
is denoted by l. The SI unit of length is the meter (m).
Volume
The quantity of space that a body takes up is called volume of that object.
Unit of volume
The volume of a cube which has all side of one meter length is called one meter cubed
volume.
The volume of an object which has all sides of one centimeter length is called one centimeter
cubed volume.
The standard unit of volume for liquid is meter cubed ( 3 ). There are some other units used
to measure the volume of liquid. Example liter, milliliter
1. Ruler
2. Vernier caliper
The ruler is an instrument that is used to measure the length or distance between two points
1. Centimeter rule
3. Meter rule
4. Measuring tape
1. We place the object along the ruler and take the reading at fist end of the object and second
end of the object.
2. The difference of the two values gives the length of the object.
We should place our eye directly above the end of the object to take the reading.
3. We should take many readings for length of object and then we should take average length.
We should keep our eye directly above the point for which we are taking the reading.
Vernier caliper
Vernier caliper is an instrument that is used to measure length with 0.1 mm accuracy.
Procedures for measuring the length or thickness of any small object using Vernier caliper
02. We place the object in outside jaws and close the Vernier scale until the object is gripped
between jaws.
Vernier scale reading = number of coincided division in the Vernier scale X least count
Micrometer screw gauge is an instrument that is used to measure length with 0.01mm
accuracy.
Procedure for measuring length or thickness of an object using micrometer screw gauge
01. We check for any zero error in the micrometer screw gauge
02. We place the object inside spindle and anvil and catch it firmly.
04. Observed value = main scale value + thimble scale value X 0.01mm