METHODS OF ESTIMATING THE MATERIALS IN CONCRETE Two methods of estimating the components of concrete are presented in this book. For easy reference, they are being identified as METHOD NO. 1 and METHOD NO. 2. METHOD NO. 1 is based on the concrete volume being multiplied by certain factors appropriate forthe specified "class" or concrete mixture in order to obtain the estimated quantities of cement, fine and coarse aggregates required. This method is the one generally used and can be applied in estimating the ‘materials for all concrete members employed in a construction project. In METHOD NO. 2, the estimated quantities of cement, fine and coarse aggregates are determined with the aid of tables, The use of this method is limited to concrete members that appear in Table B-1 to Table 8-4 a. In estimating the materials for concrete slabs, continuous footings, walls and other flat concrete members whose thicknesses appear among those contained in Table B-1, their ‘areas are multiplied by the factors appropriate for their specified “class” or concrete mixture. b. In estimating the materials for concrete columns, beams, piers and similar concrete members whose cross-section sizes appear among those included in Table B-2 to Table B-4, their Jengths are multiplied by the factors appropriate for their “class” or concrete mixture. ALLOWANCE FOR WASTAGE IN ESTIMATING THE MATERIALS IN CONCRETE In estimating the quantities of materials required for concrete members, the computations are tased on their measurements shown in the project plans and detail drawings. When concrete for these parts are prepared and poured during the construction, a certain amount is lost due to wastage or other ieasons, It becomes necessary then to also add to the computed quantities of materials a certain percentage as allowance for wastage. Concrete members which are poured inside forms will generally conform with those in drawings. “a5 ng as the forms are correctly constructed as per the sizes of the concrete members shown in the ‘plans, and the specified strength or class of concrete mixture is followed. The allowance for wastage for formed concrete may be assumed as. 5% of the computed quantity from drawings. In the case of concrete members poured without forms, their final shape and sizes may not be “expected to conform exactly with those in the drawings. In this case, the allowance for wastage would ‘havelo be bigger, assumed as 10% of the computed quantity of each concrete material required. Examples of formed concrete members where 5% of the computed quantity of the materials be added as allowance for wastage: a, Columns and piers c. Reinforced concrete slabs and walls b. Concrete beams and girders d. Other concrete members poured inside forms B4