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Blended Cement Properties PDF
Blended Cement Properties PDF
Blended Cement Properties PDF
CHAPTER - 7
Table 7.1
Classification, composition, and particle characteristics of mineral admixtures
for concrete.
7.1.3 At present in India OPC is considered as the best, if not the sole,
cementitious material in the concrete. The other materials, primarily fly ash
DURABILITY OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES
iii) Bleeding: The PFA, GGBFS, Silica fumes being finer than OPC, less
bleeding is observed. The freshly placed concrete is very stable, being very
cohesive and having strong internal cohesion. This has a negative effect in
the form of plastic shrinkage.
iv) Workability: The workability increases, and thus water content can be
reduced by about 3 %. The ball bearing action of cementitious particles
improves the workability. Silica fumes demand high water due to higher
fineness. The problem is circumvented by the addition of suitable super
plasticizers.
Table 7.2
Diffusion of chloride at 25 0c in cement paste of w/c 0.5
Age ( months)
Depth(mm) OPC concrete 70% GGBFS + 30% OPC
Concrete
6 12 24 36 6 12 24 36
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
It may be observed from Fig 7.2 that in the first 10mm layer there no
difference. However, in 10-20 mm and 20-30 mm depth Zone in case of
blended Cement Concrete Chloride penetration is significantly less (about 1/2
of OPC). In 30-40 mm depth zone, chloride penetration is much less as
compared to OPC. It also shows that first 10mm of concrete provides little
barrier to chloride ion penetration. It also brings out that cover should be in the
range of 40-50 mm so that the free chlorides shall be less than 0.1% i.e. the
threshold value for steel corrosion.
v) Sulphate resistance: Blended cement with slag content more than 50%,
exhibits better sulphate resisting properties. Depending upon the severity of
the exposure to sulphate, limitations are placed on C 3A content in cement.
This is dealt under the chapter 6 Para 6.6 (vi) - Selection of cement.
vi) Alkali-silica reaction: Blended cement with high slag is a safe cement
system for the use with reactive aggregate . A comparison of expansion for
various concrete is given in table 7.3.
Table 7.3
7.5 Suggested blends : Various blends for concrete are suggested in table
7.4.
Table 7.4
Suggested blends for concrete
i) M-45
ii) OPC T-40(30%) + GGBFS (from Andhra Cement Ltd) 70%
= 450 Kg/Cu.m.
iii) Sand (washed ) Zone II grading = 47%
iv) Crushed aggregate = 20% agg.No.1+ 33% agg.No. 2
v) w/c ratio = 0.33
vi) Super plasticizer = 1% by weight of cement
vii) Workability = 90mm.
The average compressive strength achieved is 1 day = 10.0 N/mm 2
3 days = 32.0
7 days = 38.0
28 days = 59.0
7.6.2 There is no IS: specification for GGBFS for use with OPC. BS : 6699
may be referred. Broad specification are given in table 7.5.
DURABILITY OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES
Table 7.5
Specification for GGBFS
S. Property Unit Requirement
N.
1 Heat of Hydration (measured after 10 hrs.) J/gm 180 (max m )
2 Glass content % 70 (min m )
3 Initial setting time Minutes 180 (minm)
4 Final setting time Minutes 230 (minm )
5 Fineness M2 /kg 400 (minm)
6 Soundness ( 70% of GGBFS +30% OPC) mm 5 (max m)
7 Compressive strength - (70% GGBFS +
30% OPC)
7 days N/mm2 20 (minm)
28 days N/mm2 40 (minm)
8 Chlorides % 0.05% (max)
9 CaOSiO2 % 1.4% (max)
10 Manganese % 1%(max)
11 Loss of ignition % 2%(max)
12 Sulphur trioxide % 1.5%(max)
13 Magnesia % 14%(max)
14 Sulphur sulphide % 1.5%(max)
15 Insoluble Residue % 1.5%(max)
16 Sulphate expansion % 0.01(max m
17 Cl-diffusion Coeff n X10 -12 4
2
m /Sec.
7.7 Fly Ash :
7.7.1 Fly ash is the ash precipitated electro-statically from the exhaust
fumes of coal fired power station. In India nearly 70 million tons of fly ash is
being produced every year while a very small quantity is used in
manufacturing of cement. It is an eco-friendly product. The fly ash particles
are spherical and are generally of higher fineness than cement so that the
silica is readily available for reaction. As per IS 3812 : 1981, the percentage of
silica and alumina should be minimum 70% and maximum loss on ignition 12
%. Much superior quality fly ash is available from thermal power plants than
specified in IS code.
7.7.2 The blended cement with flyash is ideally suited for the following
constructions;
Hydraulic structures
Mass concreting works
Marine structures
Masonry mortars and plastering
Under aggressive conditions.
7.7.3 Though blended cement with fly ash is ideally suitable under
aggressive condition , it is necessary that quality of fly ash is properly
evaluated , as quality of Fly ash available at most of the places is doubtful.
Use of inferior quality of Fly ash with cement, may affect corrosion resistant
properties adversely. Thus, it is necessary that quality of Fly ash is evaluated
by reputed laboratory. It should be tested for chlorides, sulphate, alkalinity and
heat of hydration as per IS : 3812. The quality of fly ash to be blended with
cement and the concrete made out of it should be approved for corrosion
resistant properties by reputed organisation like CECRI, CBRI, CRRI etc. Fly
ash should be purchased from standard firms along with test certificates.