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Chapter 6 Reference
Chapter 6 Reference
Reliability: 99.999%
Site A:
Latitude: 141747.35N
Longitude: 1204732.85 E
Site B:
Latitude: 14952.27N
Longitude: 1205530.61 E
14 MHz
= 52.14 or 52 channels
Selecting 5 channels spacing above the high band edge
Minimum Elevation at site A and site B that would clear the Earth Curvature
h = d 2_ where:
1.5 k h = in meters
h = (17.5)2__ d = in km
1.5(4/3) k = 4/3
h = 153.13 meters
Rain Attenuation
Frequency KH Kv aV aH
Formula:
M = log f1 log fx
log f1 log f2
x = 1 M(1 2)
note:
f1<fx< f2
k1<kx<k2
1<x<2
b = 2.3 Rp-0.17
= ln (b ecd)/(d)
if PL > d
f1 = 12 GHz 1 = 1.154
f2 = 15 GHz 2 = 1.217
k1 = 0.0335
k2 = 0.0168
M = 0.7764
Kx = 0.0196
x = 1.2029
For path length up to about 22.5 km
d = 10.7078
b = 16.2828
c = 0.3714
= ln [(16.2828)(e(0.3714)(10.7078))] / (10.7078)
= 0.6320
M = 0.8295
Kx = log -1 [log 0.0335 0.8295 (log 0.0335 - 0.0168)]
Kx= 0.0189
x = 1.154 0.8295(1.154-1.217)
x = 1.2063
A = |-6.314277484x10-3| dB/Km
Given:
100m
RSL = Po+Gt-Lt
The actual dispersive fade margin may be given in the radio specification sheet
itself. However, if both are not given, one may assume the value base on the following
guide.
E1 to 4*E1-80db to 90db
19*E1 to E1-50db to 70 db
Note: Since the dispersive margin is not given in the radio specification sheet, we
assume that the value will be 40db.
Assume no interference.
M = 0.8295
Kx = 0.0189
Ax = 1.2063
b = 16.2828
c = 0.3714
d = 10.7078
= 0.6320
Ao = 0.0121032
A = (Ao)(D)
Where:
A = (0.0121032dB/km)(17.5 km)
A = 0.211806
M = 0.7764
Kx = 0.0196
Ax = 1.2029
b = 16.2828
c = 0.3714
d = 10.7078
= 0.6320
Ao = 0.0296777 dB/km
Where:
A = (Ao)(D)
A = 0.51936
COMPUTATION FOR HIGH BAND FREQUENCY (14.44 GHz)
FSL = 138.5639 dB
RSL = Po+Gt-Lt
RSL = 30 + 42.7 + 42.7 [138.5639 + 7.81 + 7.81 + (4*0.5)] = - 40. 7839 dBm
The actual dispersive fade margin may be given in the radio specification sheet
itself. However, if both are not given, one may assume the value based on the following
guide.
No Equalizer Regardless Modulation -30dB to 50dB
Note:
Since the dispersive margin is not given in the radio specification sheet, we assume that
the value will be 40 dB
Assume no interference.
M = 0.7764
Kx = 0.0189
x = 1.2063
b = 16.2828
c = 0.3714
d = 10.7078
= 0.6320
Ao = 0.0634153 dB/km
A = (Ao)(D)
Where:
D = Path Length = 14 km
A = (0.0634153dB/km)(14 km)
A = 0.8878142 dB
M = 0.8295
Kx = 0.0196
x = 1.2029
b = 16.2828
c = 0.3714
d = 10.7078
= 0.6320
Ao = 0.006314278 dB/km
Where:
D = Path Length = 14 km
A = (Ao)(D)
Note: Because the path length 17.5km is less than 22.5km, crane rain attenuation is
used.
Computation:
Where:
Where:
Antenna Misalignment:
Insert 0.5 dB loss overall in the link budget to compensate to misalignment of the
antenna during installation.
Diffraction Losses:
In determining, if there is a need to compute the diffraction losses, find out if any
point along the path come closer than 150% first freznel zone.
Based on the table, there is no need for computing the diffraction losses because
there is no point along the path that closer than 150% first freznel zone.
Clutter Losses:
They have same clearing factor as diffraction, 150% first freznel zone, and they
should be within the near field of the antenna.
Based on the table, there is no need for computing the clutter losses because
there is no point along the path that closer than 150% first freznel zone.
Atmospheric losses:
FORMULA:
Where:
Computation for Low Band Frequency (14.27 GHz) at path length of 14km
Computation for High Band Frequency (14.44 GHz) at path length of 14km
Where:
Computation for Low Band Frequency (14.27 GHz) at path length of 17.5km
Awater = 0.37338 dB
Computation for Low Band Frequency (14.44 GHz) at path length of 17.5km
Awater = [0.067 + ((3) / (14.44 - 22.3) 2 + 7.3) + ((9) / (14.44 -183.3) 2 + 6) + ((4.3) /
(14.44 - 323.8)2 + 10)] x 14.442 x 12 x 1x10-4
Awater = 0.38808 dB
FSL =138.4610 dB
RSL = Po+Gt-Lt
RSL = 30 + 42.7 + 42.7 [138.4610 + 7.81 + 7.81 + (4*0.5)] = - 40.681 dBm
FSL = 138.5639 dB
RSL = Po+Gt-Lt
RSL = 30 + 42.7 + 42.7 [138.5639 + 7.81 + 7.81 + (4*0.5)] = - 40. 7839 dBm
FMFLAT = -10log [10(-FM THERMAL/10 + 10(-FM ADJ CHANNEL/10) + 10(-FM INT/10) + 10(-FM DIFF/10)]
In cases when External Interference Fade Margin (FM INT) and Adjacent Channel Fade
Margin (FM ADJ CHANNEL) is not given, then term which contains these values in the
exponent is omitted. In this case only the Thermal Fade Margin is computed.
FMFLAT = 43.2226dBm
Based on the Effective Fade Margin of the link, the Link Reliability Can be
calculated.
o KQ Factor
o KQ Factor with Terrain Roughness
o Vigant Barnett
o CCIR Recommendation 59.33
The calculation for the Fade Probability in the K-Q Reliability Calculation is given
by the formula:
U = K-Q * fb* dc * 10(-FMeff/10)
Where:
ULB = 187.2284915-9
UHB = 189.9082371-9
Unfaded Reliability
RLB = (1 187.2284915x10-9)*100
RLB = 99.99998128%
RHB = (1 189.9082x10-9)*100
RHB = 99.99998101%
Using the same value for K-Q = 1x10 -9; b =1.2; c =3.5, the unavailability and
reliability for the link due to rain can be calculated.
RFM = 34.547301dBm
ULB = 229.6957X10-9
UHB = 232.9833x10-9
RLB = (1 - 105.1884x10-9)*100
RLB = 99.999998948%
RHB = (1 - 89.6394x10-9)*100
RHB = 99.99999104%
Where:
K Q factor: w = 1 x 109
b = 1.2 , c = 3.5
Unfaded Reliability:
RLB = 99.99999985%
RHB = 99.99999984%
Using the same value for K-Q = 1x10 -9; b = 1.2; c= 3.5, the unavailability and reliability
for link due to rain can be cancelled.
RFM = 33.74789dBm
RFM = 34.5043dBm
Computation for unavailability due to rain fade margin with terrain roughness
factor
RLB = 99.99999993%
RHB = 99.99999992%
Base on the effective fade margin of the link, the link reliability using vigantsbarnete
calculation can be calculated using formula
C= Cf x (S / 15.2)-1.3
Where :
Note : We use the climate factor of 1, because the average terrain is more dominated
than mountaneous
C= 1x (40.136/15.2)-1.3
C = 0.2830
Computation for unavailability link
Using formula:
Unfaded reliability
RLB = 99.99955%
RHB = 99.99953%
RFM = 33.74789dBm
RFM = 34.5043dBm
Unfaded reliability
RLB = 99.99978%
RHB = 99.99977%
A: Path inclination
= 1000 x Tan -1 ( |h 1h 2| ) /1000 x d) milliradian
Where:
c = (( |h 1h 2| ) / (h1 + h2))
b= 2 x
1
+
3 3( ) {( )
cos
3c
2
x
[ 3m
( m+1 )3]}
}
Computation:
m = 0.147692
c= ((I505-470I) / (505+470))
c= 0.035897
1
+
3 3
cos ( ) {(
3 x 0.05387575
2
x
[
3 x 0.053875758
)
( 0.05387575+ 1 )3
}
]}
b=2x
0.05387575+1
{ [ ]} x cos {
3 x 0.053875758
b = 0.0335126
e = 69.17234 milliradians
C : Geo-Climatic factor
Note : we use geo climatic facto k = 10-5.4 x PL1.5 (over land path)
k = 1x 10 -5.4 x 151.5
k= 231.2794 x10-6
Unfaded Reliability
RLB = 99.99917023%
RHB = 99.99916105%
RFM = 38.1450dBm
Unfaded reliability
RLB = 99.999052%
RHB = 99.999089%
PATH RELIABILITY
A: K-Q
Unfaded Reliability
Rain Reliability
Unfaded Reliability
Rain Reliability
Unfaded Reliability
Rain Reliability
Unfaded Reliability