GIO TRNH THC HNH MICROSOFT EXCEL

CHNG TRNH MICROSOFT EXCEL .............................................................. 3

I. CC KHI NIM C BN .............................................................................. 3
1)Gi ng dng Microsoft Excel ................................................................... 3
2)Thot khi Microsoft Excel ........................................................................ 3
3)Cc thao tc trn tp tin........................................................................... 3
4)Mn hnh ca Microsoft Excel .................................................................... 4
II. CU TRC CA MT WORKBOOK ................................................................. 4
1) Mt s thao tc trn Sheet ....................................................................... 4
2) Cu trc ca mt Sheet............................................................................ 5
III. CCH NHP D LIU: .............................................................................. 5
1) Mt s qui nh chung :Khi mi ci t th Excel s dng cc thng s mc
nhin (theo ngm nh). thay i cc thng s ny theo mun, bn chn
lnh Tools/ Options. ........................................................................................ 5
2) Cch nhp d liu vo mt .................................................................... 6
IV. CC KIU D LIU V CCH NHP ............................................................ 6
16.4.1. D liu kiu s ................................................................................. 6
Khi nhp d liu kiu Time, c th b qua tn bui (AM/ PM) ............................. 8
16.4.2. D liu kiu chui (Text) ................................................................... 8
16.4.3. D liu kiu cng thc (Formula) ....................................................... 8
V. CC LOI A CH V CC THNG BO LI THNG GP ............................ 10
16.5.1. Cc loi a ch ............................................................................... 10
16.5.2. Cc thng bo li thng gp trong Excel ........................................ 11
CC THAO TC C BN ................................................................................ 12
I. X
L TRN VNG ..................................................................................... 12
1)Cc loi vng v cch chn .................................................................... 12
2)t tn cho vng (Insert/ Name/ Define) ................................................ 13
3)Xo b d liu (Edit/ Clear) .................................................................... 13
4)Sao chp d liu t ny sang khc v in d liu (Fill) ...................... 13
5)Di chuyn d liu .................................................................................. 15
II. THAO TC TRN CT V HNG .................................................................. 16
1) Thm hng, ct hoc mi vo bng tnh. .............................................. 16
2) Xa hng, ct, hoc ............................................................................ 16
3) Thay i rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng. ..................................... 17
4) Lnh Undo, Redo v Repeat ................................................................... 17
III. NH DNG CCH HIN TH D LIU ...................................................... 17
1) nh dng hin th d liu s .................................................................. 17
2) Canh l d liu trong .......................................................................... 19
3) nh dng k t .................................................................................... 21
4) K khung cho bng tnh ......................................................................... 21
5) T mu nn cho bng tnh ..................................................................... 22
6) Sao chp nh dng bng nt Format Painter ........................................... 22
IV. THAO TC TRN TP TIN ............................................................................ 22
17.4.1. M tp tin ...................................................................................... 22
17.4.2. Lu tp tin ..................................................................................... 23
17.4.3. ng tp tin................................................................................... 24
MT S HM TRONG EXCEL ........................................................................ 25
I. C PHP CHUNG V CCH S DNG ................................................................. 25
1) Xem danh sch cc hm......................................................................... 25
2) C php chung ...................................................................................... 25
3) Cch s dng hm................................................................................. 26
II. CC HM THNG DNG: ............................................................................. 27

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1) Cc hm ton hc (Math & Trig) ............................................................ 27

2) Cc hm thng k (Statistical) ................................................................ 28
3) Cc hm Logic (Logical) ......................................................................... 28
4) Cc hm x l chui (Text) ................................................................... 29
5) Cc hm ngy v gi (Date & Time) ....................................................... 30
6) Cc hm tm kim (Lookup & Reference) ................................................ 30
7) V d v cch s dng hm .................................................................... 32
THAO TC TRN C S D LIU .................................................................. 36
I. KHI NIM V C S D LIU ................................................................... 36
1)Khi nim v c s d liu ..................................................................... 36
2)Hng tiu (Header row) .................................................................... 37
3)Vng tiu chun (Criteria range) ............................................................ 37
II. TRCH LC D LIU.................................................................................. 39
1) Lc d liu t ng (AutoFilter).............................................................. 39
2) Lc d liu nng cao (Advanced Filter) ................................................... 40
III. CC HM C S D LIU ...................................................................... 41
IV. SP XP D LIU .................................................................................. 42
V. TNG HP THEO TNG NHM (SUBTOTAL) ............................................... 43
TO BIU TRONG EXCEL ......................................................................... 45
I. CC LOI BIU ...................................................................................... 45
II. CC THNH PHN CA BIU ................................................................ 46
III. CC BC DNG BIU ..................................................................... 47
1) Chun b d liu cho biu .................................................................. 47
2) Cc thao tc to biu ........................................................................ 47
3) Chnh sa biu ................................................................................. 50
4) nh dng biu ................................................................................ 50
NH DNG V IN N TRONG EXCEL ........................................................... 53
I. NH DNG TRANG IN (PAGE SETUP)......................................................... 53
II. XEM TRC KT QU IN (PRINT PREVIEW) ................................................ 56
III. THC HIN IN (PRINT):......................................................................... 57

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GIO TRNH THC HNH MICROSOFT EXCEL

CHNG TRNH MICROSOFT EXCEL

Microsoft Excel (gi tt: Excel) l mt trong nhng chng trnh ng dng trong
b Microsoft Office chy trong mi trng Windows. Th mnh ca Excel l tnh tan
bng cng thc. Excel l mt loi bng tnh in t c dng t chc, tnh ton
bng nhng cng thc (Formulas), phn tch v tng hp s liu. Cc nhim v m
bn c th thc hin vi Excel t vic vit mt ha n ti vic to biu 3-D hoc
qun l s k ton cho doanh nghip. Khng gian l vic ca Excel, cc kiu d liu v
cch to mt bng tnh n gin.

I. CC KHI NIM C BN
1) Gi ng dng Microsoft Excel
Cch 1: Chn lnh Start / Programs / Microsoft Excel
Start / All Programs / Microsoft Office / Microsoft Office
Excel
Cch 2: D_Click vo biu tng Microsoft Excel trong mn hnh nn (Desktop).
Cch 3: D_Click ln tp tin Excel c sn trong my (*.xls). Tp tin s t ng
gi chng trnh excel trc v sau m lun file excel .
2) Thot khi Microsoft Excel
Cch 1: Click vo nt Close .
Cch 2: Chn lnh File/ Exit.
Cch 3: Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4.
3) Cc thao tc trn tp tin
Tp tin ca Excel c phn m rng .XLS. Cc thao tc m file, ng file, lu file
tng t nh Word.

a ch ca Kt ni vo
hin hnh trang web
Online ca
Microsoft
Office

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GIO TRNH THC HNH MICROSOFT EXCEL

4) Mn hnh ca Microsoft Excel

Tn ct Thanh cng thc

(Formula Bar)

Vng nhp
d liu
Ch s hng

Tn Sheet

Mn hnh ca Microsoft Excel

Cc thanh cng c: ngoi cc thanh cng c tng t nh ca Word, Excel c
thm thanh cng thc (Formula Bar) dng nhp d liu, cng thc vo hin
hnh.
Bt/ tt thanh ny, vo menu View/ Formula Bar
II. CU TRC CA MT WORKBOOK
Mt tp tin ca Excel c gi l mt Workbook v c phn m rng mc nhin
.XLS. Mt Workbook c xem nh l mt ti liu gm nhiu t.
Mi t gi l mt Sheet, c ti a 255 Sheet, mc nhin ch c 3 Sheet. Cc
Sheet c t theo tn mc nhin l: Sheet1, Sheet2, ...
1) Mt s thao tc trn Sheet
- Chn Sheet lm vic: Click vo tn Sheet.
- i tn Sheet: D_Click ngay tn Sheet cn i tn, sau nhp vo tn mi.
- Chn thm mt Sheet: chn lnh Insert/WorkSheet.
- Xa mt Sheet: chn Sheet cn xa, chn lnh Edit/ Delete Sheet.
Ghi ch: c th thc hin cc thao
tc trn bng cch R_Click ln tn Sheet ri
chn lnh cn thc hin.

Mt s thao tc trn Sheet

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GIO TRNH THC HNH MICROSOFT EXCEL

2) Cu trc ca mt Sheet
Mi mt sheet c xem nh l mt bng tnh gm nhiu hng, nhiu ct.
- Hng (row): c ti a l 65.536 hng, c nh s t 1 n 65.536
- Ct (column): c ti a l 256 ct, c nh s t A, B,...Z,AA,AB...AZ, ...IV
- (cell): l giao ca ct v hng, d liu c cha trong cc , gia cc c
li phn cch.
Nh vy mt Sheet c 65.536 (hng) * 256 (ct) = 16.777.216 ()
Mi c mt a ch c xc nh bng tn ca ct v s th t hng, v
d C9 ngha l ct C v hng th 9.
- Con tr : l mt khung nt i, cha con tr c gi l hin hnh.
Cch di chuyn con tr trong bng tnh:
+ S dng chut: Click vo cn chn.
+ S dng bn phm:

, : Ln, xung 1 hng. Ctrl + PageUp: Sang tri 1 trang mn hnh

, : Qua tri, phi 1 . Ctrl + PageDown: Sang phi 1 trang mn hnh
PageUp: Ln 1 trang mn hnh. Ctrl + Home: V A1
PageDown: Xung 1 trang mn hnh
- Vng (Range/ Block/ Array/ Reference) : gm nhiu lin tip nhau theo dng
hnh ch nht, mi vng c mt a ch c gi l a ch vng. a ch vng c
xc nh bi a ch ca gc trn bn tri v gc di bn phi, gia a ch
ca 2 ny l du hai chm (:).
V d: C5:F10 l mt vng ch nht nh v bng u tin l C5 v cui l F10
- Gridline: Trong bng tnh c cc ng li (Gridline) dng phn cch gia
cc . Mc nhin th cc ng li ny s khng c in ra. Mun bt/ tt Gridline,
vo lnh Tools/ Options/ View, sau Click vo mc Gridline bt/ tt ng
li.
III. CCH NHP D LIU:
1) Mt s qui nh chung :Khi mi ci t th Excel s dng cc thng s mc
nhin (theo ngm nh). thay i cc thng s ny theo mun, bn chn
lnh Tools/ Options.

Lp General Lp Edit
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GIO TRNH THC HNH MICROSOFT EXCEL

2) Cch nhp d liu vo mt

- a con tr n cn nhp.
- Nhp d liu vo.
- Kt thc qu trnh nhp bng phm ENTER (hoc ), hy b d liu
ang nhp bng phm Esc.
Ghi ch : Mun hiu chnh d liu nhp ta chuyn con tr n cn hiu
chnh ri nhn phm F2 hoc D_Click vo cn hiu chnh.
IV. CC KIU D LIU V CCH NHP
Microsoft Excel t ng nhn din kiu d liu khi bn nhp d liu nhp vo.
Cng vic ca bn l xc nh ng kiu d liu tin cho vic tnh ton v nh
dng.
16.4.1. D liu kiu s
Khi nhp vo s bao gm: 0..9, +, -, *, /, (, ), E, %, $ th s mc nhin c
canh l phi trong . Excel s hiu d liu kiu s khi bn nhp d liu kiu s ng
theo s nh dng ca Windows (ngy v gi cng c lu tr nh mt tr s), ngc
li n s hiu l d liu kiu chui.
D liu dng s (Number)
t quy nh v cch nhp v hin th s trong Windows: chn lnh
Start/Settings/Control Panel/ Regional and Language Options/ Chn lp
Number:

1. Du thp phn. 1.
2. S ch s thp phn. 2.
3. Du phn cch hng nghn. 3.
4. S s hng nhm hng nghn. 4.
5. Du ph nh (s m). 5.
6. nh dng s m. 6.
7. nh dng s thc nh hn 1. 7.
8. Du phn cch tham s hm. 8.
9. H thng o lng. 9.

Quy nh cch nhp v hin th s

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GIO TRNH THC HNH MICROSOFT EXCEL

V d:
- S 1234.56 c th nhp theo cc cch nh sau:
1234.56 S thun tu, khng nh dng.
1,234.56 Kt hp nh dng phn cch hng nghn (Comma).
$1234.56 Kt hp nh dng k hiu tin t (Currency).
$1,234.56 Kt hp nh dng k hiu tin t v phn cch hng
nghn.
- S 0.25 c th nhp theo cc cch nh sau:
0.25 hoc .25 S thun tu, khng nh dng.
25% Kt hp nh dng phn trm (Percent).
2.5E-1 Kt hp nh dng khoa hc (Scientific).
D liu dng ngy (Date):
Microsoft Excel s hiu d liu kiu Date khi ta nhp vo ng theo s qui nh
ca Windows (mc nhin l thng/ ngy/ nm). Ngc li Excel s hiu l kiu chui.
Mc nhin d liu kiu Date c canh phi trong .
D liu kiu Date c xem nh l d liu kiu s vi mc thi gian l ngy
1/1/1900 (c gi tr l 1), ngy 22/1/1900 c gi tr l 22,
kim tra v thay i qui nh khi nhp d liu kiu Date cho Windows: chn
lnh Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ Regional and Language Options/ Chn
lp Date, khi xut hin hp thoi:

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GIO TRNH THC HNH MICROSOFT EXCEL

3
1. Dng hin th ngy/thng/ nm.
2. Nhp vo du phn cch ngy,
thng, nm.
3. Dng ngy thng y . 1
2

Thay i qui nh kiu Date

D liu dng gi (Time)

Microsoft Excel s hiu d liu kiu Time khi ta nhp vo ng theo s qui nh
ca Windows (mc nhin l gi:pht:giy bui). Ngc li Excel s hiu l kiu chui.
Mc nhin d liu kiu Time c canh phi trong .
D liu kiu Time cng c xem nh l d liu kiu s. 0:0:0 c gi tr l 0,
24:0:0 c gi tr l 1, 36:0:0 c gi tr l 1.5,
Khi nhp d liu kiu Time, c th b qua tn bui (AM/ PM)
V d: 16:30:36 c th nhp l 16:30:36 hoc 4:30:36 PM
16.4.2. D liu kiu chui (Text)
Khi nhp vo bao gm cc k t ch v ch s. Mc nhin d liu kiu chui
s c canh l tri trong .
Lu :
- Nu mun nhp chui s th thc hin mt trong 2 cch:
Cch 1: Nhp du nhy n ( ) trc khi nhp d liu s.
Cch 2: Xc nh khi cn nhp d liu kiu chui s, chn lnh
Format/Cells/Number/Text.
- Chui xut hin trong cng thc th phi c bao quanh bi du nhy kp .
16.4.3. D liu kiu cng thc (Formula)
Microsoft Excel s hiu d liu kiu cng thc khi ta nhp vo bt u bng du
=. i vi d liu kiu cng thc th gi tr hin th trong khng phi l cng thc m
l kt qu ca cng thc (c th l mt tr s, mt ngy thng, mt gi, mt chui
hay mt thng bo li). Cng thc c xem nh l s kt hp gia cc ton t v
ton hng.
+ Cc ton t c th l: +, -, *, /, &,^, >, <, >=, <=, = ,<>.
+ Cc ton hng c th l: hng, hm, a ch , a ch vng.
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GIO TRNH THC HNH MICROSOFT EXCEL

V d: =SQRT(A1)+10*B3
=RIGHT(Microsoft Excel,5)
=MAX(3,-7,0,SUM(A2:A10))
Nu trong cng thc c nhiu du ngoc th qui tc tnh nh sau:
Ngoc trong tnh trc, ngoc ngoi tnh sau.
Trong ngoc tnh trc, ngoi ngoc tnh sau.
u tin cao tnh trc, u tin thp tnh sau.
Bn phi tnh trc, bn tri tnh sau.
u tin ca cc ton t

U TIN TON T NGHA

1 () Du ngoc n
2 ^ Lu tha
3 - Du cho s m
4 *, / Nhn/ chia
5 +, - Cng/ tr
=, <> Bng nhau, khc nhau
6 >, >= Ln hn, ln hn hoc bng
<, <= Nh hn, nh hn hoc bng
7 NOT Ph nh
8 AND V (iu kin ng thi)
9 OR Hoc (iu kin khng ng thi)
10 & Ton t ghp chui

V d: Tnh gi tr biu thc:

2^6 * 3 - 5*6 + (22 16) / 3
= 64 * 3 30 + 6 / 3 = 192 30 + 2 = 164
Bng chn tr ca cc hm NOT, AND, OR

A B NOT (A) AND (A, B) OR (A, B)

0 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1

C hai cch nhp cng thc

V d: nhp cng thc =A2+B2+C2 vo D2
Cch 1: nhp trc tip
t con tr ti D2.
Nhp =A2+B2+C2
G phm Enter.
Cch 1: nhp theo kiu tham chiu (kt hp chut/ bn phm chn , vng)
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 GIO TRNH THC HNH MICROSOFT EXCEL

t con tr ti D2.
Nhp =
Chn A2, nhp +, chn B2, nhp
+, chn C2
G phm Enter. Nhp cng thc theo kiu
tham chiu

V. CC LOI A CH V CC THNG BO LI THNG GP

16.5.1. Cc loi a ch
a ch tng i
- Qui c vit: <tn ct><ch s hng>, chng hn A1, B2, ...
- Trong qu trnh sao chp cng thc th cc a ch ny s t ng thay i theo
phng, chiu bo tn mi quan h tng i.
V d: Gi s C3 c cng thc =A1+1, trong A1 gi l lin h.
C3 c mi lin h vi A1 nh sau:
C3 cch A1 hai ct v pha tri =A1+1
v C3 cch A1 hai dng v pha trn.
Mi lin h ny phi c bo tn khi sao =B3+1
chp cng thc ti C3 n a ch khc.
Khi sao chp cng thc ny ti D5 th cng
thc ti D5 c dng ging cng thc ti C3 nhng a ch tng i
a ch thay i, lin h trong cng thc ti
D5 l cch D5:
Hai ct v pha tri ct B
Hai dng v pha trn dng 3
Nh vy cng thc ti D5 phi l =B3+1
a ch tuyt i
- Qui c vit: $<tn ct>$<ch s hng>, chng hn $A$1, $B$2, ...
- Khi sao chp cng thc th cc a ch loi ny s khng bao gi thay i.
V d: Gi s C3 c cng thc
=$A$1+1 =$A$1+1
Khi sao chp cng thc ny ti D5 th
cng thc ti D5 vn l =$A$1+1 =$A$1+1

a ch tuyt i

a ch bn tuyt i (a ch hn hp)
- Qui c vit: ct tuyt i: $<tn ct><ch s hng>
hng tuyt i: <tn ct>$<ch s hng>, chng hn $A1,
B$2, ...

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GIO TRNH THC HNH MICROSOFT EXCEL

- Khi sao chp cng thc th cc a ch loi ny ch thay i thnh phn tng
i cn thnh phn tuyt i th khng thay i.
V d:

=A$1+1 =$A1+1

=B$1+1 =$A3+1

a ch hn hp

Ghi ch : C th s dng phm F4 lun chuyn gia cc loi a ch trn.

=$C$3

=C3 =C$3

=$C3

Chuyn i gia cc loi a ch

16.5.2. Cc thng bo li thng gp trong Excel
Khi Excel khng tnh c mt cng thc th chng trnh s bo li sai, bt u
bng du #. Sau y l cc li thng gp:
Li bo Nguyn nhn
# DIV/0! Trong cng thc c php tnh chia cho s khng (0)
Cng thc tham chiu n c mc nhp #N/A hoc g mt s
#N/A
hm khng c i s
#NAME? Trong cng thc c mt tn m Excel khng hiu c
Xy ra khi xc nh giao gia 2 vng nhng trong thc t 2 vng
#NULL!
khng giao nhau
#NUM! Xy ra khi d liu s c sai st
#REF! Xy ra khi trong cng thc tham chiu n mt a ch khng hp l
#VALUE! Trong cng thc c cc ton hng v ton t sai kiu

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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

CC THAO TC C BN
--- oOo ---
Sau khi nhp v hiu chnh thng tin trong cc bng tnh, bn c th hiu chnh
bng tnh nh thay i kch thc ca hng, ct, chn v xa hng v ct, sao chp d
liu, ..., cng nh nh dng d liu lm ni bt nhng yu t quan trng v lm cho
bng tnh d c hn. Trong chng ny bn s hc cch hiu chnh hng v ct ca
bng tnh, nh dng cch hin th ca d liu, canh l, chn Font ch, k khung v t
mu, thay i chiu rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng, ...
I. X L TRN VNG
Phn ny s gii thiu cho bn nhng k nng hiu chnh sau:
- Cch chn cc v dy (Range).
- Cch sao chp d liu t ny sang khc.
- Cch di chuyn cc .
- Cch thm hng hoc ct mi vo bng tnh.
- Cch xa (Clear v Delete).
- Cch thay i rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng.
- Cch hy b (Undo) v lp li (Repeat) cc lnh va thc hin.
1) Cc loi vng v cch chn

1
2

5
Cc loi vng v cc chn

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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

1. Chn ton b bng tnh. 3. Chn hng. 5. Chn dy khng lin tc.
2. Chn ct. 4. Chn dy lin tc.
Loi vng Cch chn
Vng ch mt Click vo cn chn.
- Mouse: Drag t u n cui ca vng.
- Keyboard: a con tr v u tin, nhn gi phm
Vng nhiu lin tc Shift kt hp vi cc phm mi tn.
- Mouse + Keyboard: a con tr v u tin,
nhn gi Shift, Click vo cui ca vng.
Nhiu cch khong Gi phm Ctrl, Click chn tng .
Nhiu vng cch khong Gi phm Ctrl, Drag chn ln lt tng vng.
Click vo tn ct cn chn, Drag tip n ct cui (nu
Nguyn ct
chn nhiu ct).
Click vo ch s hng, Drag tip n hng cui (nu chn
Nguyn dng
nhiu hng).
Click vo nt u tin giao gia thanh cha tn ct v
Ton b Sheet
thanh cha s ca hng; hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + A.
D_Click vo cn chn (hoc t tr vo , g phm F2),
Mt phn ca
sau chn ging nh chn vn bn thng thng.

2) t tn cho vng (Insert/ Name/ Define)

thun tin cho cc thao tc trn
d liu, ta c th t tn cho mt vng d
liu c chn nh sau:
- Chn vng d liu cn t tn.
- Chn lnh Insert/ Name/
Define.
- Nhp tn vng vo mc Names in
workbook.
- Click OK hoc Add.
t tn cho vng

3) Xo b d liu (Edit/ Tt c
Clear) nh dng
- Chn vng d liu cn xo. Ni dung
Ghi ch
- Chn lnh Edit/ Clear.
- Chn cch xo d liu. Xo b d liu

4) Sao chp d liu t ny sang khc v in d liu (Fill)

a. S dng chc nng Copy v Paste sao chp d liu
- Chn vng d liu ngun cn sao chp.

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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

- Vo menu Edit/ Copy; hoc nhn Ctrl + C; hoc Click vo nt Copy .

- Di chuyn con tr n u tin ca vng ch.

- Vo menu Edit/ Paste; hoc nhn Ctrl + V; hoc Click vo nt Paste .

b. T ng in d liu bng tnh nng AutoFill v menu Insert/Fill
Excel s tng tc vic nhp d liu vo bng tnh bng cch in t ng mt dy
vi mt gi tr lp hoc c tng theo th t.
V d: bn c th sao chp mt gi tr ging nhau cho nhiu sn phm trong mt
bn bo co hoc to phn s tng theo quy lut (nh S th t).
S dng tnh nng AutoFill
Khi Drag ti Fill handle xung pha di hoc sang phi, AutoFill s to ra dy cc
gi tr tng ln da theo mu trong dy c chn. Khi bn Drag ti Fill handle ln
pha trn hoc sang tri, AutoFill s to ra dy cc gi tr gim dn cng da trn mu

Drag vo
Fill handle

AutoFill AutoFill

T ng in d liu
.

S dng menu Edit/ Fill

Ngoi tnh nng AutoFill, bn cn c th s dng b lnh Fill t menu Edit thc
hin nhng sao chp n gin.
- in ln (Up), xung (Down), sang phi (Right) v tri (Left)
Cch thc hin:
+ t con tr ln m bn mun sao
chp v Drag n nhng bn mun in vo.
+ Chn menu Edit/Fill, sao chn lnh
t menu con Fill thch hp vi hng bn mun
sao chp (Down, Right, Up, Left).
Hnh 17.5: Edit/Fill, hng l Down

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- S dng hp thoi Series ca Fill

Nu bn mun xc nh mt chui ty bin, chn vng bn mun in v chn lnh
Edit/ Fill / Series:

Hp thoi Series

Edit Fill /Series:

- Series in: Column.
- Type: Linear.
- Step Value: 1.
Edit Fill /Series:
- Series in: Column. - Step Value: 1.5
- Type: Linear. - Stop Value: 10

in d liu bng hp thoi Series

5) Di chuyn d liu
- Chn vng d liu ngun cn di chuyn.

- Vo menu Edit/ Cut; hoc nhn Ctrl + X; hoc Click vo nt Cut .

- Di chuyn con tr n u tin ca vng ch.

- Vo menu Edit/ Paste; hoc nhn Ctrl + V; hoc Click vo nt Paste .

Lu : di chuyn nhanh, bn Drag
vo ng bin (khng phi im Fill Handle)
ca khi n v tr mi.

Drag chut vo y

Di chuyn d liu

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II. THAO TC TRN CT V HNG

1) Thm hng, ct hoc mi vo bng tnh.
a. Thm hng (Row)
+ Chn cc hng m ti mun chn thm hng mi vo.
+ Vo menu Insert/ Rows; hoc R_Click, chn Insert.
Lu : Hng mi c thm vo s y hng c chn xung pha di.
b. Thm ct (Column)
+ Chn cc ct m ti mun chn thm ct mi vo.
+ Vo menu Insert/ Columns; hoc R_Click, chn Insert.
Lu : ct mi c thm vo s y ct c chn sang bn phi.
c. Thm mi
+ Chn cc hoc a con tr n m ti mun chn cc trng vo.
+ Vo menu Insert/ Cells; hoc R_Click, chn Insert..., xut hin hp thoi
sau:
1. Chn 1 hoc nhiu , d liu ca
hin hnh b y sang phi.
1
2. Chn 1 hoc nhiu , d liu ca 2
hin hnh b y xung di.
3
3. Chn hng. 4
4. Chn ct.

Thm mi

2) Xa hng, ct, hoc

- Xa hng/ ct
+ Chn cc hng/ ct cn xa.
+ Vo menu Edit / Delete; hoc R_Click chn Delete.
- Xa :
+ Chn cc cn xa.
+ Vo menu Edit / Delete...; hoc R_Click chn Delete...

1. Xo 1 hoc nhiu , d liu ca

bn phi c y qua hin hnh.
1
2. Xo 1 hoc nhiu , d liu ca 2
bn di c y ln hin hnh.
3
3. Xo hng. 4
4. Xo ct.

Xo

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3) Thay i rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng.

a. Thay i rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng bng tay
- t con tr chut ngay cnh ca ct hoc hng (hoc khi chn) cn thay i.
- Drag sang tri hoc sang phi thay i rng ca ct; Drag ln trn hoc
xung di thay i chiu cao ca hng.

Drag chut vo y
Drag
chut
vo
y

Thay i rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng

Lu : Bn c th D_Click vo cnh t ng iu chnh kch thc ct, hng cho
va vi d liu.
b. Thay i rng ca ct v chiu cao ca hng bng menu Format
- Chn khi cn thay i.
- Vo menu Format/Row (hoc Column)
+ Chn Height thay i chiu
cao ca hng (hoc chn Width thay i
rng ca ct).
+ Chn AutoFit t ng iu
chnh kch thc cho va vi d liu. Thay i chiu cao ca hng
4) Lnh Undo, Redo v Repeat
a. Lnh Undo
Trong qu trnh thao tc trn bng tnh, nu bn c phm sai lm no nh khi
xa nhm khi d liu hoc thc hin nhm mt lnh no , bn c th hy b li
bng cch s dng chc nng Undo.

Menu Edit/ Undo; hoc Click vo nt Undo ; hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl +
Z.
b. Lnh Redo
Lnh Redo dng hy b thao tc Undo va thc hin.

Menu Edit/ Redo; hoc Click vo nt Redo ; hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl
+Y.
b. Lnh Repeat
Lnh Repeat dng lp li thao tc va thc hin.
Menu Edit/ Repeat; hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl +Y.

III. NH DNG CCH HIN TH D LIU

1) nh dng hin th d liu s
- Chn vng d liu cn nh dng.

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- Chn menu Format/ Cells/

Number.
- Chn quy nh cch th hin s
cho d liu trong hp thoi Format Cells.
D liu s khi nhp vo mt trn
bng tnh s ph thuc vo 2 thnh
phn: Loi (Category) v M nh dng
(Format code). Mt s c th hin th
theo nhiu loi nh Number, Date,
Percentage,... Trong mi loi li c
nhiu cch chn m nh dng.
Chn loi th hin khung
Category:

nh dng hin th d liu s

Th loi Cng dng V d
nh dng s mc nh, canh phi, gi nguyn dng ban 15.75
General
u khi nhp vo. 15234
nh dng s nng ng c th c h tr bng cc du
3.14159
Number phy, s ch s thp phn ty v mu hay du ngoc
(1,234.57)
n (cho cc s m).
nh dng tin t, nh du la, cc k hiu tin t khc,
$ 15.25
Currency s ch s thp phn ty v mu hay du ngoc n (cho
VND 500
cc s m).
nh dng tin t c bit c thit k canh cc ct
$ 75.50
Accounting theo cc du thp phn ca gi tr tin t. (K hiu tin t
$ 5.50
xut hin dc theo cc cnh tri ca ).
nh dng ngy thng chung, ngy thng c hin th 09/12/2003
Date
theo mt s kiu tiu chun. Sep-12-03
nh dng gi chung, gi c hin th theo mt s kiu 2:30 PM
Time
tiu chun. 14:30:20
Mt cch nh dng m cc gi tr trong cc c chn 184%
Percentage
c nhn vi 100 v kt qu hin th vi biu tng %. 24.152%
Fraction Kiu nh dng di dng phn s. 1/5
nh dng s khoa hc, s dng k hiu m cho cc s c 1.25E+3
Scientific
qu nhiu ch s. 2.0E-2
Mt nh dng coi s nh vn bn (d liu s c canh 0123
Text
tri trong ). 00112
B cc dng hu ch, bao gm: Zip Code, Phone Number 9810-123
Special
... 12-34-56
Mt danh sch cc dng tiu chun hay bt c dng tu INV-0075
Custom
chn no m bn cn (nh m t trong hp thoi trn). 25/12/2003

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Ta c th nh dng nhanh cch hin th s bng cch s dng cc nt trn thanh

cng c Formatting:

1 1. nh dng kiu tin t.

2 2. nh dng kiu phn trm.
3 3. nh dng kiu ngn cch phn ngn, triu, ...
4
4. Tng thm mt s l thp phn.
5
5. Gim bt mt s l thp phn.
S dng cc nt trn thanh Formatting
Cch thay i n v tin t dng trong Excel:
thay i n v tin t dng trong Excel v cc ng dng Windows khc, chn
lnh Start/ Settings/ Control Panel/ Regional and Language Options
Trong lp Regional Options, Click chn lnh Customize, Chn lp Currency, xut
hin hp thoi
- Nhp k hiu tin t mi trong mc Currency Symbol.
- Click chn lnh Apply.

Thay i n v tin t

2) Canh l d liu trong

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S phn b d liu trong mt ph thuc vo 3 thnh phn: phn b ngang

(Horizontal), phn b dc (Vertical) v hng th hin d liu (Orientation).

1. Horizontal
2. Vertical
3. Merge and Center
4. Orientation
3
1

S phn b d liu trong mt

- Chn vng d liu cn nh dng.
- Chn lnh Format/ Cells/ Chn lp Alignment, xut hin hp thoi:

1
2
3
4
5

1. Canh tri
2. Canh gia
3. Canh phi
4. Canh u
5. Trn v canh gia

nh dng s phn b d liu trong mt

Horizontal: phn b ngang. Vertical: phn b dc.

- General : dng mc nhin. - Top : canh l trn.

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- Left : canh l tri. - Center : canh l gia.

- Center : canh l gia. - Bottom : canh l di.
- Right : canh l phi. - Justify : canh trn di.
- Fill : lp d liu y . Text control: iu chnh d
liu.
- Justify : canh u tri phi.
- Wrap text : nm chung trong .
- Center across selection: canh gia
vng c chn - Shrink to fit: canh va vi .
- Merge cells: nhm cc li.
Orientation: Chn hng th hin d liu

3) nh dng k t
D liu trong c th nh dng k t theo cc thnh phn: Font (kiu ch), Font
Style (loi nghing, m, gch di ...), Size (kch c ch), v Effects (hiu ng).
Chn lnh Format/ Cells/ Chn lp Font, bn chn thay i cc thnh phn
tng t nh vi hp thoi Font ca Word.
Ghi ch:
C th nh dng nhanh vic canh l v nh nh dng k t bng cch s dng
cc nt cng c trn thanh Formatting hoc phm g tt tng ng.

4) K khung cho bng tnh

Mt tnh nng hu ch lm ni
bt nhng thng tin c th trong mt
bng tnh thm cc ng vin (Border)
cho cc quan trng.
Chn lnh Format/ Cells/ Chn
lp Border
+ Chn kiu ng k trong mc Style.
+ Chn mu ng k trong mc Color.
+ Chn v khung:
Presets:
None: b ng k.
Outline: k xung quanh.
Inside: k ng bn trong.
K khung cho bng tnh
Border : K trn, di, ...

Ghi ch:
C th Click chn v hay b khung trc tip trong
khung hin th ca hp thoi.
To ng vin nhanh bng cch s dng thanh
cng c.
K khung nhanh

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- Xc nh khi cn nh dng.
- Chn nt Border trn thanh cng c
nh dng (Formatting).
- Chn dng ng k thch hp.

5) T mu nn cho bng tnh

to hiu qu b sung cho cc ng
vin c v, bn c th dng nhn
Patterns trong hp thoi Format Cells t
mu nn cho nhiu trong bng tnh.
Chn lnh Format/ Cells/ Chn lp
Patterns
- Chn mu nn trong mc Color.
- Chn mu mu nn trong mc hp lit
k th Pattern. T mu nn cho bng tnh

T mu nn nhanh: S dng thanh

cng c.
- Xc nh khi cn nh dng.
- Chn nt Fill Color trn thanh cng c
nh dng (Formatting).
- Chn mu nn thch hp.
T mu nn nhanh

6) Sao chp nh dng bng nt Format Painter

i khi bn cn sao chp nh dng t mt ny sang cc khc m khng sao chp
d liu trong . V d nh cn sao chp Font ch, Size ch, kiu ch (Bold, Italic),
ng vin, mu nn, ... thc hin c vic ny, bn c th s dng nt Format
Painter . Thc hin theo cc bc sau:
- Chn c nh dng cn sao chp.

- Click vo nt Format Painter

- Chn cc m bn mun sao chp nh dng.

IV. THAO TC TRN TP TIN

17.4.1. M tp tin
M tp tin mi
Chn File/New hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + N hoc nhn nt
M tp tin c trn a

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Chn File/Open hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + O hoc nhn nt , xut hin hp
thoi sau:

Chn a v th mc
cha tp tin cn m

Chn tp tin cn m

C th nhp y
ng dn v tn tp
tin cn m

Hp hi thoi Open
Look in: cho php chn v tr tp tin cn m.
File name: cho php nhp tn tp tin cn m theo ng ng dn.
Files of type: kiu tp tin cn m.
17.4.2. Lu tp tin
Lu tp tin ln u tin
Chn File/Save hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + S hoc nhn nt , xut hin hp
thoi:

Chn a, th
mc cha tp tin
cn lu
Nhp tn tp tin
cn lu

Hp hi thoi Save As

Save in: cho php chn v tr cha tp tin cn lu.

File name: cho php nhp tn tp tin cn lu (theo ng quy tc).
Files of type: kiu tp tin cn lu.
Lu tp tin t ln th hai tr i

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+ Lu vo cng tp tin: tng t nh ln lu u tin v Excel s t ng lu

tr nhng thay i m khng yu cu t tn (khng xut hin hp thoi Save
As).
+ Lu thnh tp tin mi: vo menu File/ Save as xut hin hp thoi Save as
nh trn v cho php t tn tp tin mi.
17.4.3. ng tp tin
Lnh File/ Close
Dng ng tp tin hin hnh, bn phi lu tp tin trc khi ng, nu tp tin c
cp nht m cha lu li th Excel s hin thng bo nhc nh:

Thng bo nhc nh lu tp tin

Yes: lu d liu v
ng tp tin hin hnh.
No: ng tp tin hin hnh m khng lu d liu.
Cancel: hy b lnh, tr v tp tin hin hnh.
Lnh File/ Close All
Nhn gi Shift, chn File/ Close All.
Dng ng tt c cc tp tin ang m. Nhng tp tin c lu th Excel s
ng li, nhng tp tin no cha lu th Excel s xut hin thng bo v ch xc nhn c
lu li hay khng.

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MT S HM TRONG EXCEL
--- oOo ---
Trong chng ny, bn s tm hiu cc hm c sn trong Excel. Phn ny s cung
cp cho bn cc k nng gii quyt cc bi ton t c bn n cc bi ton phc tp.
Hm dng tnh ton v tr v mt tr, trong cha hm s tr v mt gi tr,
mt chui k t hoc mt thng bo li, Excel c mt tp hp cc hm rt phong ph
v c phn loi theo tng nhm phc v cho vic tnh ton trn nhiu kiu d liu v
nhiu mc ch khc nhau.
I. C PHP CHUNG V CCH S DNG
1) Xem danh sch cc hm

Mun xem danh sch cc hm th Click chn nt Paste Function trn thanh
Standard hoc chn menu Insert/ Function hoc g t hp phm Shift + F3. Hp thoi
Paste Function s xut hin

Cc hm phn
theo nhm Cc hm trong
nhm chn

C php ca
Chc nng ca
hm ang chn
hm ang chn

Xem danh sch cc hm

2) C php chung
= TN HM ([Danh sch i s])
a s cc hm ca Excel u c i s nhng cng c nhng hm khng c i s.
Nu hm c nhiu i s th gia cc i s phi c phn cch bng k hiu phn cch
c quy nh trong Windows (thng s dng du phy). S i s ca hm nhiu hay
t l tu theo tng hm c th.
i s ca hm c th l:
Cc gi tr s: =SUM(10, 12, 6, 8, -7)
a ch , a ch vng: =MAX(A2, A4, C3, D2:D5, 6)
Mt chui k t: =RIGHT(Dai hoc Can Tho, 7)
Mt biu thc logic: =IF(A4 >= $D$2, 7, 8)
Mt hm khc: =IF(C2>=0,SQRT(C2),S m khng c cn bc hai!)
Tn ca mt vng: =A4 * DON_GIA

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3) Cch s dng hm
Nu cng thc bt u l mt hm, th phi c du = (hoc du @, hoc du +)
pha trc. Nu hm l i s ca mt hm khc th khng cn nhp cc du trn.
C 2 cch nhp hm
Cch 1: nhp trc tip t bn phm
- t tr ti mun nhp hm.
- Nhp du = (hoc du @, hoc du +).
- Nhp tn hm cng cc i s theo ng c php.
- G Enter kt thc.

Nhp hm trc tip

Cch 2: thng qua hp thoi Paste Function

- t tr ti mun nhp hm.

- Click chn nt Paste Function trn thanh Standard hoc chn menu
Insert/ Function hoc g t hp phm Shift + F3.Hp thoi Paste Function s
xut hin nh hnh 18.1
- Chn nhm hm trong danh sch Function category.
- Chn hm cn s dng trong danh sch Function name.
- Click OK chn hm.
- Tu theo hm c chn, Excel s m hp thoi k tip cho php nhp cc
i s. Tin hnh nhp cc i s.
- Click OK kt thc.

Nhp hm thng qua hp thoi Paste Function

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II. CC HM THNG DNG:

1) Cc hm ton hc (Math & Trig)

C php ngha v v d
Tr v gi tr tuyt i ca mt s thc.
ABS(number)
=ABS(12 - 20) 8
Tr v s nguyn ln nht khng vt qu
number.
INT(number)
=INT(5.6) 5
=INT(-5.6) 6
Tr v s d ca php chia nguyn number
cho divisor (number, divisor l cc s
MOD(number, divisor)
nguyn).
=MOD(5, 3) 2
Lm trn trn ti mt s nguyn l gn nht.
ODD(number) =ODD(3.6) 5
=ODD(-2.2) -3
Tnh tch ca cc gi tr trong danh sch
PRODUCT(number1, number2, ...) tham s.
=PRODUCT(2, -6, 3, 4) -144
Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong t 0
RAND( ) n 1.
=RAND( ) S ngu nhin
Lm trn s number vi chnh xc n
num_digits ch s thp phn.
ROUND(number, num_digits)
=ROUND(5.13687, 2) 5.14
=ROUND(145.13687, -2) 100
Tnh cn bc 2 ca mt s dng number.
SQRT(number)
=SQRT(36) 6
Tnh tng ca cc gi tr trong danh sch
SUM(number1, number2, ...) tham s.
=SUM(2, -6, 8, 4) 8
Tnh tng cc tha mn iu kin.
- range: vng m iu kin s c so
snh.
- criteria: chui m t iu kin. V d:
"10", ">15", "<20",
- sum_range: vng c tnh tng. Cc
SUMIF(range, criteria [, sum_range]) trong vng ny s c tnh tng nu cc
tng ng trong vng range tha iu kin.
Nu khng c sum_range th vng range s
c tnh.
=SUMIF(C4:C12, >=6, F4:F12)
=SUMIF(C4:C12, >=6)
=SUMIF(B4:B12, NV, G4:G12)

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2) Cc hm thng k (Statistical)

C php
MAX(number1, number2, ...)
MIN(number1, number2, ...)
AVERAGE(number1, number2, ...)
COUNT(value1, value2, ...)
COUNTA(value1, value2, ...)
COUNTBLANK(range)
COUNTIF(range, criteria)
RANK(number, ref, order)
ngha v v d
Tr v gi tr ln nht ca cc gi tr s trong
danh sch tham s.
=MAX(1, 2, 3, 5) 5
Tr v gi tr nh nht ca cc gi tr s trong
danh sch tham s.
=MIN(1, 2, 3, 5) 1
Tr v gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc s trong
danh sch tham s.
=AVERAGE(1, 2, 3, 5) 2.75
m s cc gi tr s trong danh sch tham s.
=COUNT(2, hai, 4, -6) 3
m s cc khng rng trong danh sch
tham s.
=COUNT(2, hai, 4, -6) 4
m s cc rng trong vng range.
=COUNTBLANK(B4:B12)
m cc tha mn iu kin criteria trong
vng range.
- range: l vng m iu kin s c so snh.
- criteria: l chui m t iu kin. V d: "10",
">15", "<20".
=COUNTIF(B4:B12, >=6)
Tr v th hng ca number trong ref, vi order
l cch xp hng.
Nu order = 0 hoc c b qua th ref c
hiu l c th t gim.
Nu order <> 0 th ref c hiu l c th t
tng.
=RANK(F4, $F$4:$F$12, 0)
=RANK(G4, $G$4:$G$12, 1)

3) Cc hm Logic (Logical)

C php
AND(logical1, logical2, )
OR(logical1, logical2, )
NOT(logical)
IF(logical_test,
ngha v v d
Tr v gi tr TRUE nu tt c cc iu kin u l
TRUE.
=AND(3>2, 5<8, 9>-12) TRUE
Tr v gi tr TRUE nu c t nht mt iu kin l TRUE.
=OR(2>3, 12<8, 9>3) TRUE
=OR(2>3, 12<8, -9>3) FALSE
Ly ph nh cagi tr logical.
=NOT(2>3) TRUE
Tr v gi tr th nht value_if_true nu iu kin

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value_if_true, logical_test l TRUE, ngc li s tr v gi tr th hai

value_if_false) value_if_false.
=IF(A1 >=5, u,Rt)
Nu gi tr ti A1 >= 5 th kt qu ca hm l u.
Ngc li nu gi tr A1 < 5 th kt qu l Rt.

4) Cc hm x l chui (Text)

C php ngha v v d
Chuyn chui text thnh ch thng.
LOWER(text)
=LOWER(Dai hoc CAN Tho) dai hoc can tho
Chuyn chui text thnh ch in hoa.
UPPER(text)
=UPPER(Dai hoc CAN Tho) DAI HOC CAN THO
i cc k t u ca mi t trong chui text thnh ch
PROPER(text) in hoa, cn li u l ch thng.
=PROPER(Dai hoc CAN Tho) Dai Hoc Can Tho
Ct b cc k t trng v ch trong chui text.
TRIM(text)
=TRIM( Can Tho ) Can Tho
Tr v di ca chui text (s k t trong chui text).
LEN(text)
=LEN(Dai hoc CAN Tho) 15
Tr v num_char k t bn tri chui text.
LEFT(text, num_chars)
=LEFT(Dai hoc CAN Tho, 7) Dai hoc
Tr v num_char k t bn phi chui text.
RIGHT(text, num_chars)
=RIGHT(Dai hoc CAN Tho, 7) CAN Tho
Tr v chui k t c di num_chars bt u t v tr
MID(text, start_num,
start_num ca chui text.
num_chars)
=MID(Dai hoc CAN Tho, 5, 3) hoc
Chuyn s value thnh chui theo nh dng
TEXT(value, format_text) format_text.
= TEXT(1234.56, ##,###.##) 1,234.56
Chuyn chui c dng s thnh tr s.
VALUE(text)
= VALUE("123") + 2 125
Tr v v tr xut hin (nu c) ca find_text trong
within_text (bt u tm t v tr start_num).
Ch :
- Nu khng c start_num th v tr bt u tm t u
FIND(find_text, within_text chui.
[, start_num]) - Hm FIND phn bit ch in hoa v ch thng.
- Nu khng tm thy find_text th s tr v li #VALUE!
=FIND(Excel, Microsoft Excel) 11
=FIND(Excel, Microsoft Excel, 6) 11
=FIND(excel, Microsoft Excel, 6) #VALUE!
Tng t nh hm FIND nhng khng phn bit ch in
SEARCH(find_text, hoa hay thng.
within_text [, start_num]) =SEARCH(Excel, Microsoft Excel) 11
=SEARCH(excel, Microsoft Excel) 11
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Thay th num_chars k t trong old_text bng new_text

REPLACE(old_text, bt u t v tr num_start.
num_start, num_chars,
=REPLACE(Ngon ngu lap trinh, 10, 3, chuong)
new_text)
Ngon ngu chuong trinh

5) Cc hm ngy v gi (Date & Time)

Gi s A1 cha ngy 28/09/2004 (Th ba).

C php ngha v v d
Tr v ngy hin hnh ca h thng.
TODAY( )
=TODAY( ) Tu vo ngy hin hnh ca h thng.
Tr v ngy v gi hin hnh ca h thng.
NOW( ) =NOW( ) Tu vo ngy v gi hin hnh ca h
thng.
Tr v gi tr ngy trong thng ca biu thc ngy
DAY(date) date.
=DAY(A1) 28
Tr v gi tr thng trong nm ca biu thc ngy date.
MONTH(date)
=MONTH(A1) 9
Tr v gi tr nm ca biu thc ngy date.
YEAR(date)
=YEAR(A1) 2004
Tr v s th t ngy trong tun ca biu thc date.
WEEKDAY(date) Gi tr 1: Sunday, 2:Monday, ..., 7: Saturday.
=WEEKDAY(A1) 3
i chui ngy date_text thnh tr s ngy.
Ghi ch: ta c th nh dng kt qu trn thnh dng
DATEVALUE(date_text) Date bng cch s dng menu Format/Cells.
= DATEVALUE("22/8/55") 20323
22/8/55
Tr v gi tr dng Date theo quy nh ca h thng.
DATE(year, month, day) =DATE(2004,09,28) 28/09/2004
=DATE(04,9,28) 28/09/2004

6) Cc hm tm kim (Lookup & Reference)

C php ngha v v d
CHOOSE(index_num, Tr v gi tr th index_num trong danh sch cc tham s.
value1, value2, ) =CHOOSE(3, Word, 2, Excel, -8) Excel
Tr v s th t ca ct tri nht trong vng reference
COLUMN(reference)
=COLUMN(C4:C12) 3
Tr v s ct c trong vng array
COLUMNS(array)
=COLUMNS(C4:F12) 4
Tr v s th t ca hng trn cng trong vng reference
ROW(reference)
=ROW(C4:C12) 4
ROWS(array) Tr v s hng c trong vng array
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=ROWS(C4:F12) 9

VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, range_lookup)

Tm gi tr lookup_value trong ct tri nht ca bng table_array theo chun d tm
range_lookup, tr v tr tng ng trong ct th col_index_num (nu tm thy).
range_lookup = 1 (mc nhin):
Tm tng i, danh sch phi sp xp theo th t tng dn.
Nu tm khng thy s tr v gi tr ln nht nhng nh hn lookup_value.
range_lookup = 0:
Tm chnh xc, danh sch khng cn sp xp th t.
Nu tm khng thy s tr v li #N/A.
HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, range_lookup)
Tng t nh hm VLOOKUP nhng tm gi tr lookup_value trong dng trn cng
ca bng table_array theo chun d tm range_lookup, tr v tr tng ng trong dng
th row_index_num (nu tm thy)

V d: Cho bng tnh vi s liu nh sau:

A B C D E F
1 A01 5 12 16 10
2 C02 6 15 20 24
3 B75 8 25 22 18
4
5 A02 10 A01 B75 D25
6 B555 12 CN TH GO
7 D25 15 TRNG NC TRONG

=VLOOKUP("B75", A1:B3, 2, 0) 8 = HLOOKUP(16, D1:F3, 3, 0) 22

=VLOOKUP("B8", A1:B3, 2, 0) #N/A
=VLOOKUP("B85", A1:B3, 2, 1) 5
=VLOOKUP("B85", A1:B3, 2) 5
=VLOOKUP(A6, A5:B7, 2, 0) 12
=VLOOKUP("B555", A5:B7, 2, 0) 12
=VLOOKUP("B85", A5:B7, 2, 1) 12
=VLOOKUP("E05", A5:B7, 2) 15
= HLOOKUP(15, D1:F3, 3, 0) #N/A
= HLOOKUP(15, D1:F3, 3, 1) 25
= HLOOKUP(15, D1:F3, 3) 25
= HLOOKUP(F5, D5:F7, 2, 0) GO
= HLOOKUP(B75, D5:F7, 3, 1) NC
= HLOOKUP(E95, D5:F7, 2, 0) #N/A
= HLOOKUP(E95, D5:F7, 2) TRONG

MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, match_type): tr v v tr (nu tm c) ca

lookup_value trong mng lookup_array theo cch tm match_type
match_type = 1:
Tm tng i, danh sch phi sp xp theo th t tng dn

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Nu tm khng thy s tr v v tr ca gi tr ln nht nhng nh hn

lookup_value
match_type = 0:
Tm chnh xc, danh sch khng cn sp xp th t
Nu tm khng thy s tr v li #N/A
match_type = -1:
Tm tng i, danh sch phi sp xp theo th t gim dn
Nu tm khng thy s tr v v tr ca gi tr nh nht nhng ln hn
lookup_value
V d: s dng bng d liu phn v d hm VLOOKUP v HLOOKUP

= MATCH(16, D1:F1, 0) 2 = MATCH(20, D3:F3, 0) 2

= MATCH(18, D1:F1, 0) #N/A = MATCH(20, D3:F3, -1) 2
= MATCH(15, D1:F1, 1) 1 = MATCH(15, D3:F3, -1) 3

INDEX(array, row_num, column_num): tr v gi tr ca hng th row_num,

ct th column_num trong mng array
V d: s dng bng d liu phn v d hm VLOOKUP v HLOOKUP

= INDEX(D1:F3, 2, 3) 20

= INDEX(D1:F3, 4, 3) #REF!

= INDEX(D1:F3, MATCH(26, D1:D3, 1), MATCH(16, D1:F1, 0)) 18

7) V d v cch s dng hm

Hm IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)

V d 1:
=IF(B1 >= 5, u, Rt)
Excel s kim tra biu thc B1 >= 5, nu biu thc ng (gi tr ti B1 l >= 5)
th s in ra u v kt thc hm, ngc li s in ra Rt v kt thc hm.
V d 2:
=IF(B1 > 0, S dng, IF(B1 = 0, S khng, S m))
- Excel s kim tra biu thc B1 > 0, nu biu thc ng th s in ra S dng v
kt thc hm, ngc li s xt tip biu thc B1 = 0.
- Nu biu thc B1 = 0 l ng th s in ra S khng v kt thc hm, ngc li
s in ra S m v kt thc hm.
V d 3: gi s yu cu xp loi hc tp da vo Diem TB trong bng im cho
trc v cch xp loi nh sau:

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Nu Diem TB>= 9 XS A B C D
Nu 8 <= Diem TB < 9 Gii 1 STT Ten Diem TB Xep loai
Nu 7 <= Diem TB < 8 Kh 2 Cn 6.7
Nu 5 <= Diem TB < 7 TB 3 Kim 9.2
Nu 3.5 <= Diem TB < 5 Yu 4 Lim 5.8
Nu Diem TB < 3.5 Km 5 Chnh 2.4
6 Ch 7.7
7 Cng 7.9
- Cng thc ti D2:
=IF(C2 >= 9, XS, IF(C2 >= 8, Gii, IF(C2 >= 7, Kh, IF(C2 >= 5, TB,
IF(C2 >= 3.5, Yu, Km)))))
- Sao chp cng thc ti D2 n vng D3:D7
Tng qut: nu c n trng hp th ta phi s dng n-1 hm IF lng nhau.
Hm VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, range_lookup)
V d: Cho d liu nh bng di y:

A B C D E F G
1 BNG HC BNG BNG TR CP
2 Xp loi Hc bng M TC T l
3 01 100,000 B 50%
4 02 70,000 A 100%
5 03 50,000 C 0%
6 04 30,000
7
8 DANH SCH NHN TIN HC BNG
9
10 TT H tn Xp loi Hc bng M TC Tr cp Tng cng
11 Trng 02 70,000 A 70,000
12 K 01 B
13 Khng 02 C
14 Chin 04 B
15 Nht 01 C
16 nh 03 B
17 Thng 04 A
18 Li 02 A

Yu cu:
1) Tnh ct Hc bng da vo ct Xp loi v BNG HC BNG.

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2) Tnh ct Tr cp = Hc bng * T l
Trong T l c tnh nh vo ct M TC v BNG TR CP.
3) Tnh ct Tng cng = Hc bng + Tr cp
Gii:
1) Tnh ct Hc bng
+ Trc ht ta vit cng thc cho D11:
Ly gi tr trong C11 (lookup_value) d trong vng $C$3:$D$6
(table_array), trong bng ny ta mun ly ct Hc bng tc l ct th 2 (col_index_num),
do trong BNG HC BNG ct Xp loi sp xp theo th t tng dn nn ta c th d
tm tng i (range_lookup l 1 hoc c th b qua).
V vng C3:D6 s dng chung d tm nn phi ly a ch tuyt i. Ta c
cng thc cho D11 nh sau:
=VLOOKUP(C11, $C$3:$D$6, 2, 1)
hoc =VLOOKUP(C11, $C$3:$D$6, 2)
+ Sao chp cng thc ti D11 n vng D12:D18.
2) Tnh ct Tr cp
+ Trc ht ta vit cng thc cho F11:
tnh T l ta ly gi tr trong E11 (lookup_value) d trong vng
$F$3:$G$5 (table_array), trong bng ny ta mun ly ct T l tc l ct th 2
(col_index_num), do trong BNG TR CP ct M TC cha c sp xp nn ta phi d
tm tuyt i (range_lookup l 0).
Ta c cng thc cho F11 nh sau:
=D11 * VLOOKUP(E11, $F$3:$G$5, 2, 0)
+ Sao chp cng thc ti F11 n vng F12:F18.
3) Tnh ct Tng cng
+ Trc ht ta vit cng thc cho G11:
=D11 + F11
+ Sao chp cng thc ti G11 n vng G12:G18.
Hm HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, range_lookup)
V d: xt li v d p dng hm VLOOKUP trn nhng BNG HC BNG v
BNG TR CP c cho nh sau:

A B C D E F G
1 BNG HC Xp loi 01 02 03 04
2 BNG Hc bng 100,000 70,000 50,000 30,000
3
4 BNG TR M TC B A C
5 CP T l 50% 100% 0%
Gii:
1) Tnh ct Hc bng

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Cng thc cho D11 nh sau:

=HLOOKUP(C11, $D$1:$G$2, 2, 1)
hoc =HLOOKUP(C11, $D$1:$G$2, 2)
2) Tnh ct Tr cp
Cng thc cho F11 nh sau:
=D11 * HLOOKUP(E11, $D$4:$F$5, 2, 0)
3) Tnh ct Tng cng
Cng thc cho G11 nh sau:
=D11 + F11

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THAO TC TRN C S D LIU

--- oOo ---
I. KHI NIM V C S D LIU
1) Khi nim v c s d liu
Khi qun l thng tin v mt i tng no , nh qun l nhn vin chng hn,
ta phi qun l nhiu thuc tnh lin quan n nhn vin nh h tn, m nhn vin,
phi, nm sinh, ni sinh, a ch, m ngch, bc, h s, lng, ph cp, chc v,... l
cc thuc tnh phn nh ni dung ca mt i tng cn qun l. Cc thuc tnh
thng c biu din di dng cc kiu d liu khc nhau (l chui, s, ngy thng,
) v c hp nht thnh mt n v thng tin duy nht gi l mu tin (record). Cc
mu tin cng dng (cng cu trc) hp li thnh mt c s d liu.
Trong Excel, c s d liu c dng nh mt danh sch, v d nh danh sch nhn
vin, danh sch hng ha,... Mi danh sch c th gm c mt hay nhiu ct, mi ct
nh vy c gi l mt trng (field) ca c s d liu, tn ca ct s c gi l tn
trng.
Hng u tin trong danh sch (c s d liu) cha cc tn trng c gi l
hng tiu (Header row), cc hng tip theo mi hng l mt mu tin (record) cho
bit thng tin v i tng m ta qun l.
V d: Xt c s d liu BNG LNG CHI TIT ca cc nhn vin trong mt c
quan nh sau:

A B C D E F G H
1 BNG LNG CHI TIT
2 Thng 07/ 2001
3 STT HO TEN MANG BAC HE SO NG_BD LUONG PHU CAP
4 1 Trn Thanh Bnh 01.003 4 2.58 25/01/97 541,800 108,360
5 2 Phan Thanh Bnh 01.003 3 2.34 30/01/98 491,400 98,280
6 3 Nguyn Xun Huy 01.009 1 1.00 01/01/99 210,000 105,000
7 4 Trn Vn Hng 01.009 2 1.09 15/01/99 228,900 114,450
8 5 Nguyn Anh Dng 01.003 1 1.86 01/10/97 390,600 78,120
9 6 Chu Thanh Khit 01.009 1 1.00 01/05/98 210,000 105,000
10 7 L Minh Li 01.009 3 1.18 01/08/98 247,800 123,900
11 Tng cng: 2,320,500 733,110

+ Mi ct gi l mt trng (field): trng HO TEN, trng MANG, trng

BAC, trng HE SO,
+ Hng th ba c gi l hng tiu (Header row).
+ T hng th t n hng th mi, mi hng l mt mu tin (record).

Mt s cng vic thng gp khi lm vic trn c s d liu (bng tnh) nh: sp
xp (Sort) cc mu tin trong c s d liu theo th t tng/ gim ca mt trng (gi l
trng kho), trch lc (Filter) cc mu tin tho mn iu kin ch nh, thng k, tng
hp cc mu tin theo nhm (Subtotal), ...

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2) Hng tiu (Header row)

L hng u tin trong danh sch (c s d liu) cha cc tn trng. Tuy nhin
mt s c s d liu c phn tiu nhiu hn mt hng, khi cc thao tc thc hin
trn c s d liu s b li hoc khng thc hin c, ta phi thm vo mt hng tiu
ph cho c s d liu, v s dng hng tiu ph cho cc thao tc trn c s d liu.

Tiu nhiu hn 1 hng Thm tiu ph cho CSDL

3) Vng tiu chun (Criteria range)
L vng cha iu kin theo ch nh (trch lc, thng k, ), vng ny c ti thiu
2 hng.
C hai cch to vng tiu chun:
Gi s cn to vng tiu chun vi iu kin cc mu tin phi tho:
a) MANG = 01.009 v BAC = 1.
b) MANG = 01.009 hoc MANG = 01.003 v BAC = 4.
Cch 1: S dng tn trng to vng tiu chun
Theo cch ny, vng tiu chun s c t nht hai hng, hng u cha cc tn
trng t iu kin, cc hng khc dng m t iu kin.
Cch to nh sau
- Chn cc trng trong bng tnh lm vng tiu chun
- Sao chp tn trng dng lm iu kin n hng u ca vng tiu chun.
- Nhp trc tip cc iu kin vo di tn trng tng ng. Cc iu kin ghi
trn cng mt hng l cc iu kin tha mn ng thi (iu kin AND), cn
nhng iu kin ghi trn cc hng khc nhau l nhng iu kin tha mn
khng ng thi (iu kin OR).
Ta c vng tiu chun cho iu kin trn nh sau:

MANG BAC MANG BAC

01.009 1 01.009

a) 01.003 4
b)
Cch 2: S dng cng thc to vng tiu chun
Theo cch ny, vng tiu chun s c hai hng, hng u cha tiu nh Tieu
chuan, Dieu kien, hoc b trng nhng phi khc vi tn trng, hng k tip l
cng thc m t iu kin.
Cch to nh sau
- Chn hai trng trong bng tnh lm vng tiu chun.
- Nhp tiu trn ca vng tiu chun.

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- Nhp cng thc vo bn di m t iu kin, dng mu tin u tin trong c

s d liu t iu kin so snh, hm AND dng lp cc iu kin tha
mn ng thi, hm OR dng lp cc iu kin tha mn khng ng thi.
Ta c vng tiu chun cho iu kin trn nh sau:

a)
Tieu chuan =AND(C4 = 01.009, D4 = 1)
FALSE

b)
Tieu chuan =OR(C4 = 01.009, AND(C4 = 01.003, D4 = 4))
TRUE

Mt s cch ghi iu kin

Yu cu Cch 1 Cch 2 ( cng thc)
HO TEN
C h l Nguyn =LEFT(B4, 6)=Nguyn
Nguyn *
HO TEN
C tn l Bnh =RIGHT(B4, 4)=Bnh
* Bnh
HO TEN
C ch lt l Thanh
* Thanh *
C h l Nguyn v HO TEN =AND(LEFT(B4,6)=Nguyn,
tn l Huy Nguyn * Huy RIGHT(B4, 3)=Huy)
HO TEN
C h l Nguyn hoc =OR(LEFT(B4,6)=Nguyn,
Nguyn *
tn l Bnh RIGHT(B4, 4)=Bnh)
* Bnh
BAC
C BAC >= 2 =D4>=2
>= 2
C MANG=01.009 v MANG BAC
=AND(C4=01.009, D4>=2)
BAC >= 2 01.009 >= 2
MANG BAC
C MANG=01.009
01.009 =OR(C4=01.009, D4>=2)
hoc BAC >= 2
>= 2
MANG BAC
C MANG=01.009 v =AND(C4=01.009,
01.009 2
BAC = 2 hoc BAC = 3 OR(D4=2, D4=3))
01.009 3
C MANG=01.009 MANG BAC
=AND(OR(C4=01.009,C4=01.009),
hoc MANG=01.003 01.009
D4=2)
v BAC = 2 01.003 2
C ngy bt u hng
=F4<DATE(98,1,1)
lng l trc 1/1/98
C HESO * 290,000 >=
=E4 * 290000>=450000
450,000

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II. TRCH LC D LIU

Trch lc d liu l tnh nng lc ra cc mu tin tha mn nhng tiu chun no
t c s d liu ban u. C hai phng php lc d liu: lc t ng (AutoFilter) v lc
nng cao (Advanced Filter).
1) Lc d liu t ng (AutoFilter).
Lnh Data/Filters/AutoFilter dng lc cc mu tin tha mn nhng tiu
chun no t c s d liu ban u. Ch nhng mu tin no tha tiu chun th mi
c hin th cn nhng mu tin khc s tm thi b che khng nhn thy.
Cch thc hin
- Chn vng CSDL vi tiu l mt hng.
- Vo menu Data/Filters/AutoFilter, Excel s t ng thm cc nt th cnh
tn trng cho php bn chn tiu chun lc tng ng vi cc trng .

- Chn iu kin trong hp lit k th ca tng trng tng ng.

All: cho hin th tt c cc mu tin.
Top 10: cho php chn lc ly mt s mu tin c gi tr cao nht (Top) hay
thp nht (Bottom).
Custom: cho php t cc iu kin so snh khc ( >, >=, ...)
Cc tr: ch hin th nhng mu tin ng bng tr .
+ Mc nhin Excel s hiu tn trng bng vi gi tr c chn trong hp lit k
th. Cc iu kin trong cc trng khc nhau c tnh cht ng thi vi nhau
(AND).
V d: Lc nhng mu tin tha tiu chun l MANG = 01.009 v BAC = 1

Click vo y Click vo y
v chn 01.009 v chn 1

Lc d liu t ng

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+ Nu chn mc Custom th s xut hin hp thoi cho php t iu kin theo

tiu chun khc.

t iu kin lc t ng

Ghi ch:
Mun hin th li tt c bn chn lnh Data/ Filter/ Show All.
Mun b ch lc d liu t ng (b cc nt th) tr v trng thi bnh
thng, bn chn li lnh Data/ Filters/ AutoFilters.

2) Lc d liu nng cao (Advanced Filter)

Lnh Data/ Filter/ Advanced Filter dng trch ra cc mu tin theo cc iu
kin ch nh trong vng tiu chun do bn thit lp trn Sheet.
Cch thc hin
- To vng tiu chun lc (s dng mt trong hai cch nu trn).
- Vo menu Data/ Filter/ Advanced Filter, xut hin hp thoi sau:
Action:
+ Filter the list, in-place: kt qu hin
th trc tip trn vng CSDL.
+ Copy to another location: kt qu
c t ti mt v tr khc.
List range: chn a ch vng CSDL.
Criteria range: chn a ch vng tiu
chun.
Copy to: chn a ch ca u tin
trong vng kt qu (phi chn mc Copy
to another location).
Unique records only: nu c nhiu
mu tin ging nhau th ch ly duy nht
mt mu tin i din, ngc li th ly ht
cc mu tin tha iu kin ca vng tiu Lc d liu nng cao
chun (d ging nhau).

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III. CC HM C S D LIU
Cc hm c s d liumang tnh cht thng k nhng mu tin trong CSDL c
trng tha iu kin ca vng tiu chun c thit lp trc.
C php chung: =Tn hm(database, field, criteria)
- database: a ch vng CSDL (nn chn l a ch tuyt i cho d sao chp).
- field: ct cn tnh ton, field c th l tn trng, a ch ca tn trng hoc
s th t ca trng (ct th nht ca vng CSDL chn tnh l 1 v tng
dn sang tri).
- criteria: a ch vng tiu chun.
Xt c s d liu BNG LNG CHI TIT vi vng tiu chun c to trc.

A B C D E F G H
1 BNG LNG CHI TIT
2 Thng 07/ 2001
3 STT HO TEN MANG BAC HE SO NG_BD LUONG PHU CAP
4 1 Trn Thanh Bnh 01.003 4 2.58 25/01/97 541,800 108,360
5 2 Phan Thanh Bnh 01.003 3 2.34 30/01/98 491,400 98,280
6 3 Nguyn Xun Huy 01.009 1 1.00 01/01/99 210,000 105,000
7 4 Trn Vn Hng 01.009 2 1.09 15/01/99 228,900 114,450
8 5 Nguyn Anh Dng 01.003 1 1.86 01/10/97 390,600 78,120
9 6 Chu Thanh Khit 01.009 1 1.00 01/05/98 210,000 105,000
10 7 L Minh Li 01.009 3 1.18 01/08/98 247,800 123,900
11 Tng cng: 2,320,500 733,110
12
13 MANG MANG BAC
Vng tiu chun 1 Vng tiu chun 2
14 01.009 01.003 4

Danh sch cc hm

Tn hm ngha v v d
Tnh tng cc gi tr trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha
iu kin criteria.
DSUM() =DSUM($A$3:$H$10, 7, C13:C14)
=DSUM($A$3:$H$10, LUONG, C13:C14)
=DSUM($A$3:$H$10, $G$3, C13:C14)
Tnh trung bnh cng cc gi tr trong ct field ca cc
mu tin tha iu kin criteria.
DAVERAGE()
=DAVERAGE($A$3:$H$10, 7, C13:C14)
=DAVERAGE($A$3:$H$10, $G$3, G13:H14)
Tm tr ln nht trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha iu
kin criteria.
DMAX()
=DMAX($A$3:$H$10, BAC, C13:C14)
=DMAX($A$3:$H$10, 5, G13:H14)

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Tm tr nh nht trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha iu

kin criteria.
DMIN()
=DMIN($A$3:$H$10, $D$3, C13:C14)
=DMIN($A$3:$H$10, 5, C13:C14)
m cc kiu s trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha
iu kin criteria.
DCOUNT()
=DCOUNT($A$3:$H$10, 4, C13:C14)
=DCOUNT($A$3:$H$10, 4, G13:H14)
m cc khc rng trong ct field ca cc mu tin tha
iu kin criteria.
DCOUNTA()
=DCOUNTA($A$3:$H$10, 2, C13:C14)
=DCOUNTA($A$3:$H$10, 2, G13:H14)

IV. SP XP D LIU
Tng t nh chc nng Table/ Sort ca Word, lnh Data/ Sort cho php sp xp
cc hng hoc cc ct trong vng c chn theo th t tng dn (th t ABC i vi
chui, hoc s tng dn) hay gim dn (th t ZYX i vi chui, hoc s gim dn)
tng ng kho sp xp c ch nh, vng sp xp phi chn tt c cc c lin h vi
nhau, nu khng s xy ra tnh trng ru ng ny cm cm b kia.
Cch thc hin:
Gi s cn sp xp c s d liu BNG LNG CHI TIT trn theo MANG tng
dn, nu cng MANG th sp theo BAC gim dn.
Chn vng d liu cn sp xp.
Vo menu Data/ Sort, xut hin hp thoi sau:

Kha sp xp chnh Sp xp theo

th t tng dn

Kha sp xp th hai Sp xp theo

th t gim dn

Kha sp xp th ba

Vng CSDL
chn c dng tiu
hay khng

Sp xp d liu
Chn c/ khng c dng tiu .
Chn cc kho sp xp v th t sp tng ng vi kho.
Click chn OK sp xp d liu trong bng.
Ghi ch:
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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

Nu mun sp theo hng th chn nt lnh Options ca hp thoi Sort, sau

chn mc Sort left to right.
Nu mun sp xp nhanh theo ct no th t tr vo bt k ca ct
v Click chn nt trn thanh Standard sp theo chiu tng dn, hoc
sp theo chiu gim dn.

V. TNG HP THEO TNG NHM (SUBTOTAL)

Xt CSDL BNG LNG CHI TIT trn. Vn t ra l lm th no bit
c tng tin lng (LUONG) theo tng nhm ngch lng (MANG), hay tng hp s
nhn vin theo bc (BAC), Lnh Data/ Subtotals s gip bn thc hin c nhng
cng vic trn.
Cch thc hin:
Gi s cn tng hp v tnh tng tin lng (LUONG) theo tng nhm ngch lng
(MANG) trong CSDL BNG LNG CHI TIT trn.
Dng lnh Data/ Sort sp xp cc mu tin theo MANG, mc ch cc mu
tin c cng MANG th nm lin k nhau.
Chn vng CSDL cn tng hp vi tiu l mt hng.
Vo menu Data/ Subtotals, xut hin
hp thoi sau:
+ At each change in: chn tn trng cn
tng hp nhm.
+ Use function: chn hm s dng tnh ton
hay thng k.
+ Add subtotal to: Chn tn trng cha d
liu cn thc hin tnh ton hay thng k.
+ Replace current subtotals: Thay th cc
dng tng hp c ghi dng tng hp
mi.
+ Page break between groups: To ngt
trang gia cc nhm.
+ Summary below data: Thm dng tng
hp sau mi nhm. Tng hp theo nhm
Mt s hm trong hp lit k th Use function:

Hm M t
Sum Tnh tng cc s trong nhm.
Count m s khng rng trong nhm.
Average Tnh gi tr trung bnh cc s trong nhm.
Max Tm gi tr ln nht trong nhm.
Min Tm gi tr nh nht trong nhm.
Product Tnh tch cc s trong nhm.
Count Nums m s kiu s trong nhm.

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Kt qu tng hp d liu theo nhm (Mc 3)

Lm vic vi mn hnh kt qu sau khi tng hp nhm

- Click vo cc nt chn cc mc d liu bn mun xem.

+ : Ch hin th tng chnh (Grand Total Only).

+ : Hin th tng chnh v tng ph (Grand Total And Subtotal).

+ : Hin th chi tit tt c cc mu tin cng cc tng hp (All Record).

- Click vo hin th hoc che du cc mu tin trong nhm con.

Kt qu tng hp d liu theo nhm (Mc 2)

Ghi ch: loi b tng hp nhm, bn chn Data/ Subtotals, sau chn nt
lnh Remove All.

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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

TO BIU TRONG EXCEL

--- oOo ---
Khi bn cn trnh by d liu ca bng tnh n ngi khc th vic hin th cc s
kin v con s di dng biu rt c ngha. Biu cho php biu din s tng
quan ca d liu trong bng tnh trn phng din ha, bin i cc hng, ct thng
tin thnh nhng hnh nh c ngha. Biu gip bn so snh s liu trong bng tnh
mt cch trc quan, trnh vic phi c cc s liu chi cht trn bng, tin on c s
pht trin ca d liu m t trong bng, lm cho bng tr nn sinh ng v thuyt phc
hn.
I. CC LOI BIU
C 3 loi biu thng gp l biu dng ct (Column), dng ng thng
(Line) v dng bnh (Pie). T 3 dng ny Excel trin khai thnh 14 loi biu chun
(Standard types) v 20 kiu biu tu chn (Customize types) c th dng biu din
s liu trong bng tnh thnh nhiu cch nhn khc nhau tu theo yu cu ca ngi
dng.
Cc loi biu chun trong Excel v cng dng c bn ca mi loi

Biu
Loi biu Chc nng
tng

Column So snh cc loi d liu vi nhau theo chiu dc.

Bar So snh cc loi d liu vi nhau theo chiu ngang.

Line Cho xem s thay i d liu trong mt giai on.

Pie So snh t l ca cc thnh phn trong mt tng th.

XY (Scatter) M t quan h gia hai loi d liu lin quan.

Nhn mnh tm quan trng tng i ca cc gi tr

Area
qua mt giai on.
So snh cc phn vi tng th trong mt hoc nhiu
Doughnut
phm tr d liu (Biu Pie c mt l gia).
Ch ra cc thay i trong d liu hoc tn s d liu
Rada
tng i vi tm im.
To vt cc thay i trong hai bin s khi bin s th
Surface
ba (nh thi gian) thay i, l mt ha 3 chiu.
Hin sng cc chm gi tr, tng t nh ha
Buble
Scatter.
Kt hp ha Line v ha Column. c thit k
Stock
c bit to vt gi c phiu.

S dng mt hnh tr trnh by cc d liu ha

Cylinder
Bar hay ha Column.

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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

Nhn mnh cc nh ca d liu, l ha Bar hay

Cone
ha Column.
Nhn mnh cc nh ca d liu trong cc ha Bar
Pyramid
hay Column, tng t ha Cone.
II. CC THNH PHN CA BIU

2 1

7 6

8 10 11 12

3
9 5 4

Cc thnh phn ca biu

ngha:
1. Chart Area: Vng nn biu .
2. Chart Title: Tiu ca biu .
3. Trc X.
4. Category (X) axis labels: Vng gi tr trn trc X.
5. Category (X) axis : Tiu trc X.
6. Trc Y.
7. Vng gi tr trn trc X.
8. Value (Y) axis: Tiu trc Y.
9. Gc to O.
10. Gridlines: vng li.
11. Dy s liu c minh ha trong biu .
12. Legend: Ch gii, dng m t dy s liu trong biu .

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III. CC BC DNG BIU

1) Chun b d liu cho biu
Mt biu trong Excel c to ra t d liu trong bng tnh hin hnh. V vy
trc khi xy dng biu bn cn to bng tnh c cha cc d liu cn thit bng cch
nhp d liu trc tip hoc s dng cc hm Excel tnh.
V d nh s liu trong bng THNG K S LNG SINH VIN theo tng nm hc,
hay d liu cho cc TH TON HC di y:

A B C D E F G
1 THNG K S LNG SINH VIN TH TON HC
2
Y1=2x2-
3 NM TIN HC IN T CAO NG x 6 Y2=x+7
4 1992 100 54 0 -4 26 3
5 1993 154 53 45 -3 12 4
6 1994 96 38 60 -2 2 5
7 1995 145 78 80 -1 -4 6
8 1996 166 93 128 0 -6 7
9 1997 173 75 160 1 -4 8
10 1998 154 94 245 2 2 9
11 Cng: 988 485 718 3 12 10
12 4 26 11

Yu cu:
a. Dng biu dng ct biu din s lng sinh vin cc ngnh theo tng
nm hc.
b. Dng biu Pie so snh tng s sinh vin ca 3 ngnh t nm 92-98.
c. Dng biu XY(Scatter) v th cho cc hm s Y1=2x26 v Y2= x+7
trn cng mt h trc to XY.
2) Cc thao tc to biu
V d: Thc hin yu cu (a): biu din s lng sinh vin cc ngnh theo tng nm.

- Vo menu Insert/Chart hoc Click vo nt Chart Wizard trn thanh

Standard.
- Thao tc qua 4 bc ca Chart Wizard nh sau:
Bc 1 (Step 1 of 4 - Chart Type): chn loi biu .

Chn loi Chn biu

biu con trong loi

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Bc 2 (Step 2 of 4-Chart Source Data): Chn vng d liu.

Lp Data Range
+ Data Range: vng d liu dng biu .
+ Series in: d liu ca tng i tng nm theo hng (Row) hay ct (Column)

Vng d liu dng biu Vng d liu tng thnh phn

Lp Series : vng d liu tng thnh phn trong biu

+ Series: mi tn trong danh sch xc nh mt dy s liu trong biu (sinh
vin mi ngnh). D liu tng ng c nh ngha trong hp Name v
Values
+ Name: tn cho dy s liu ca i tng c chn trong danh sch Series, l
a ch tiu ca dy s liu, nu khng c th th hp Name s trng, khi
bn phi t nhp tn vo.
Ch : nhng tn (name) ny s l nhn cho ch gii (Legend) xc
nh mi dy s liu trong biu .
+ Values: a ch ca dy s liu ca i tng c chn trong danh sch
Series.
+ Nt Add: Thm dy s liu mi.
+ Nt Remove: Xa dy s liu khng dng trong biu .
+ Category(X) axis labels: Vng d liu lm tiu trc X.
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Bc 3 (Step 3 of 4-Chart Options): xc nh cc ty chn cho biu .

- Titles: t cc tiu cho biu .
+ Chart title: tiu biu .
+ Category(X) axis: tiu trc X.
+ Value (Y) axis: tiu trc Y.
- Axes: Ty chn cho cc trc to (X, Y, ...).
- Gridlines: Ty chn
cho cc ng li.
- Legend: Ty chn cho
phn ch gii.
- Data Label: thm hoc
b cc nhn d liu
cho cc thnh phn
ca biu .
- Data Tabel: Thm
bng d liu ngun
vo biu .

Cc ty chn cho biu

Bc 4 (Step 4 of 4-Chart Location): xc nh v tr t biu .

As new sheet: to mt Sheet mi ch cha biu .
As object in: chn Sheet t biu .
Click vo nt lnh Finish hon thnh vic to biu .

Cc biu minh ho theo s liu bng tnh v cc yu cu trn

Xc nh v tr t biu

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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

(a) S lng SV cc ngnh theo tng nm

(b) So snh tng s SV ca 3 ngnh (c) th cc

hm s ton hc

3) Chnh sa biu
Sau khi dng xong biu theo 4 bc nu trn, bn c th chnh sa li biu
bng cch thay i cc thng s nh: thay i loi biu , vng d liu, hiu chnh cc
tiu , ... tng ng vi cc bc thc hin dng biu .
Cch thc hin
- Click chn biu cn chnh sa, khi menu Data s chuyn thnh Chart.
- Chn bc cn chnh sa trong menu Chart (hoc R_Click ln nn biu ri
chn lnh tng ng).
- Thc hin chnh sa nh khi dng biu .
1
1. Chart Type: Chn li kiu biu (Bc 1). 2
2. Source Data: Chn li d liu ngun (Bc 2). 3
3. Chart Options: Chn li cc ty chn (Bc 3). 4

4. Location: Chn li v tr cho biu (Bc 4). 5

5. Add Data: thm dy s liu mi.

Hnh 20.10: Chn

4) nh dng biu bc chnh sa biu
Menu Format cho php nh dng cc thnh phn trong biu . Tu theo loi biu
, thnh phn trn biu cn nh dng, Excel s cung cp ni dung nh dng ph
hp. i vi vn bn nh tiu , ghi ch, th c th nh dng Font, mu ch, mu
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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

nn, hng vn bn. i vi cc ct hay nguyn biu th c th chn ng vin,

mu,
Cch thc hin
- Click chn thnh phn cn nh dng.
- Vo menu Format/ Selected (hoc Ctrl + 1, hoc R_Click ln thnh phn
cn nh dng, sau chn Format ), hp thoi Format xut hin.
- Thc hin nh dng cho thnh phn theo mun.
V d: nh dng vng nn biu (Chart Area), hp thoi Format Chart Area nh
hnh di y:

: Chn ng vin v mu cho vng nn

biu (Chart Area) t thuc tnh cho biu
+ Lp Patterns: cho php chn ng vin v mu nn cho biu .
+ Lp Font: cho php nh dng cc thnh phn l vn bn trong biu (tng t
nh lp Font trong hp thoi Format/ Cells).
+ Lp Properties: cho php thay i cc thuc tnh cho biu .
Move and size with cells: biu s di chuyn v thay i kch thc theo cc
. Ngha l khi xo hay thm cc vo trong bng tnh th biu cng di
chuyn theo (V d nh khi ta xo cc bn tri biu th biu cng di
chuyn qua tri, khi thm cc vo bn tri biu th bi s di chuyn
qua phi, ). Khi thay i rng ct hay chiu cao hng c i qua biu
th kch thc biu cng thay i theo.
Move but dont size with cells: biu s di chuyn cng cc nhng khng
thay i kch thc theo cc .
Dont move or size with cells: biu s khng di chuyn v cng khng thay
i kch thc theo cc .
Print object: cho in nu biu nm trong vng c chn in.
Locked: kho biu cng vi Sheet (ch thc hin c khi chn kho bo
v Sheet trc)
Vi thnh phn khc, ni dung nh dng cng thay i cho ph hp, nh khi chn
nh dng cho tiu biu (Chart Title), hp thoi Format Chart Title nh sau:

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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

Lp Alignment: cho php canh l

v chn hng ch cho thnh phn vn
bn trong cho biu .
Horizontal: canh l vn bn
theo phng ngang.
Vertical: canh l vn bn theo
phng dc.
Orientation: chn hng ch.

Canh l v chn hng ch cho thnh

phn vn bn trong cho biu
S dng thanh cng c Chart
Thanh cng c Chart c cha
mt s nt c thit k nhm gip
bn nh dng nhanh biu .
Click vo biu , thanh cng
1 2 3
c Chart s t ng xut hin hoc 4 5 6 7 8 9
bn c th bt/ tt thanh cng c
Chart bng cch vo menu View/
Toolbars/ Chart.

ngha: Thanh cng c Chart

1. Chart Objects: Chn thnh phn trong 6. By Row: Biu c v theo hng
biu nh dng. (row).
2. Format Chart ...: Hin th hp thoi 7. By Column: Biu c v theo ct
Format ng vi thnh phn c chn (column).
trn. 8. Angle Text Downward: Nghing vn
3. Chart Type: Chn loi biu . bn (Text) theo hng xung.
4. Legend: n/ hin ch thch ca biu . 9. Angle Text Upward: Nghing vn bn
5. Data Table: n/hin bng d liu. (Text) theo hng ln.

Ngoi cch s dng menu Format v thanh cng c Chart dnh dng cho biu
, bn c th thay i kch thc v di chuyn biu nh l mt i tng hnh trong
Excel.

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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

NH DNG V IN N TRONG EXCEL

--- oOo ---
Chng ny s hng dn bn chun b cc cng vic in n nh: thit lp cc
ty chn cho trang in (Page Setup), xem lt bng tnh (Print Preview) v thc hin in
(Print).
I. NH DNG TRANG IN (PAGE SETUP)
Lnh File/Page Setup cho php bn t hng trang (Orientation), chn kh giy
in (Paper size), t rng ca cc l (Margins), to tiu v h mc (Header and
Footer), nh s trang (Page number), chn vng d liu in (Print Area), ...
Hp thoi Page Setup gm cc lp sau:
Lp Page: t hng trang, chn kh giy in,
- Orientation: Chn hng
giy in.
Portrait: hng in ng.
Landscape: hng in
ngang.
- Scaling: Chn t l in.
- Paper size: Chn kh giy.
- Print quality: Chn cht
lng in.

t hng trang, chn kh giy in

Lp Page: t rng ca cc l
Chn rng cc l
Top, Bottom, Left, Right,
Header v Footer (n v l
inch).
Nu mun t bng
tnh nm ngay ti tm ca
trang in (Center on page),
nh du vo mc
Horizontally t bng tnh
vo trung tm trang in theo
chiu ngang, nh du vo
mc Vertically t bng
tnh vo trung tm trang in
theo chiu ng.

Lp Header/ Footer: t rng ca cc l

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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

to tiu / h mc, nh s trang,

Chn Header
c sn

To Footer
theo mun
To Header
theo mun
Chn Footer
c sn

To tiu / h mc, nh s trang

C th chn tiu / h mc c sn trong hp Header/ Footer, tuy nhin cc tiu
/ h mc ny c th khng ng vi mong mun ca bn. to tiu / h mc theo
ca ring mnh, bn hy Click vo nt Custom Header/ Custom Footer. Hp thoi
Header/ Footer (ging nhau) cho php bn to tiu / h mc, nh s trang, chn
ngy, gi,

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Tiu / h mc Tiu / h mc Tiu / h mc

bn tri gia bn phi

To tiu / h mc theo mun

ngha cc nt

1. nh dng k t (Font, Size ...). 5. Chn thi gian (Time).

2. Chn s trang. 6. Chn tn tp tin Excel (Workbook).
3. Chn tng s trang. 7. Chn tn bng tnh (Sheet).
4. Chn ngy thng (Date).

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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

Lp Sheet: chn vng d liu in, t tu chn khi in, th t in,

Chn vng d liu in, t tu chn khi in, th t in,

Print area: cho php chn vng d liu in (nu chn th ch d liu trong vng
mi c in, ngc li (khng chn) th in tt c d liu trong Sheet).
Ch :
C th chn vng d liu in nh sau:
+ Chn vng d liu in.
+ Vo menu File/ Print Area/ Set Print Area.
b chn vng d liu in, bn chn lnh File/ Print Area/ Clear Print Area.
Print titles: lp li tiu hng (row) v ct (column) trn mi trang in (khi bng
tnh c nhiu trang).
+ Rows to repeat at top: lp li tiu hng trn u mi trang in.
+ Columns to repeat at left: lp li tiu ct bn tri mi trang in.
Print: t mt s tu chn khi in.
+ Gridlines: chn in cc ng li (l cc ng chia m bn thng thy trn
mn hnh. Cc ng ny xc nh cc trong bng tnh. Thng thng cc
ng li ny khng c ra).
+ Black and white: chn ch in trng en.
+ Draft quality: chn ch in nhp (cht lng km nhng in nhanh hn).
+ Row and column heading: chn in ch s hng (1,2,3, ) v tn ct (A,B,C,).
+ Comments: chn in/ khng in phn ch thch.
Page order: chn th t in khi bng tnh c nhiu trang.
+ Down, then over: in theo chiu t trn xung di ht cc trang, sau mi
in phn d bn phi.
+ Over, then down: in theo chiu t tri sang phi ht cc trang, sau mi in
trang sau.

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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

II. XEM TRC KT QU IN (PRINT PREVIEW)

Chc nng Print Preview dng xem trc kt qu in trn mn hnh, nhm kim
tra v hiu chnh trc khi in trnh cc sai st. Trong mn hnh Print Preview, bn c
th thc hin:
Phng to, thu nh (Zoom) t l hin th trang in.
iu chnh cc l ca trang in (Left, Right, Top, Bottom, Header, Footer).
iu chnh rng ca cc ct.
chuyn sang ch Print Preview, bn thc hin theo mt trong cc cch sau:
- Chn menu File/ Print Preview

- Click vo nt Print Preview trn thanh cng c chun.

- Chn nt lnh Print Preview trong hp thoi Print hay Page Setup.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Header
Ct A

Top
Ct B

Left Right

Bottom

Footer

Xem trc kt qu in trn mn hnh

ngha cc nt lnh trn thanh cng c trong mn hnh Print Preview:
1. Next: Tr li trang ngay pha trc.
2. Previous: n trang k tip.
3. Zoom: Phng to/ thu nh mn hnh.
4. Print: M hp thoi Print thc hin in.
5. Setup: M hp thoi Page Setup nh cc thng s in.
6. Margins: iu chnh cc l.

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TIN HC A MICROSOFT EXCEL

7. Page Break Preview: Khi c chn s quay v bng tnh v chuyn qua ch
mn hnh Page Break Preview. ch ny s c nhng ng k tng
trng cho v tr ngt trang km theo nhng dng ch m Page1, Page2,
Page3, ... cho bit vng ang xem l trang no. quay v ch bnh
thng, bn chn lnh View/ Normal.
8. Close: ng mn hnh Print Preview li.
9. Help: m tr gip ca Excel.

III. THC HIN IN (PRINT):

Sau khi hon tt phn ni dung, thc hin in trong Excel, bn thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
t cc thng s cho cc trang in (Page Setup).
Chn vng d liu cn in (Print Area).
Xem trc khi in (Print Preview) iu chnh nu cn thit.
Thc hin in: chn menu File/ Print; hoc t hp phm Ctrl + P; hoc chn nt

lnh Print trn thanh Standard. Hp thoi Print nh sau:

- Printer: chn my in s dng

trong hp Name.
- Print range: chn vng in.
+ All: chn in tt c cc trang.
+ Page(s): chn in lin tc t
trang bt u (From) cho
n trang cui (To).
- Print what: phn c in.
+ Selection: in khi c chn.
+ Entire workbook: in tt c
cc Sheet trong Workbook.
+ Active(s) sheet: in Sheet
hin hnh. Thc hin in
- Copies: s bn v th t in.
+ Number of copy: chn s bn in.
+ Collate: kim tra th t in.
V d: Gi s in trang 1, 2 v s bn in l 3. Th t in nh sau:
Collate: trang 1, trang 2, trang 1, trang 2, trang 1, trang 2.
Collate: trang 1, trang 1, trang 1, trang 2, trang 2, trang 2.

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