Types of Capacitors

Capacitors Samples
Ceramic Mica Plastic Plastic

10pf-1uF Radial. Negligible Leakage. Axial.

Leaks a Little. Unpolarized. Temperature Tolerant. Plastic Dielectric.
Temperature Sensitive. Mica Dielectric. Unpolarized. Unpolarized.
Unpolarized. Costly. Plastic Dielectric. 1nf-10uF.
Ceramic Dielectric. Stable. 1nf-10uF. 63V-2KV.
NPO stable. ~100pF Radial. Inductive.

Trimmer Trimmer Tantalum Surface Mount

Air Dielectric. Plastic Dielectric. 1uF -100uF. Most Types.

Very Low Values. Unpolarized. Low Leakage. Small Footprint.
Unpolarized. 10-50pF. Long Shelf Life. Low Power.
1-10pf. Crystal Trim. Low Power. Low Cost.
Variable. Variable. Polarized. Multilayer too.
Stable. AF-HF. Small Footprint. Tantalum too.

Tuner Air Tuner Plastic Power Electrolytic Electrolytic

Air Dielectric. 100-500pf. 470uF- 20,000uF. 1uF-4700uF.

Unpolarized. Plastic. High Ripple Current. Filters.
100-200pf. Unpolarized. High Voltage. Low Power.
Antique. Tuners. More Leakage. Polarized.
Dust Sensitive. RF-AF. Shelf Life Low. Electrolytic.
Humidity Sensitive. Low Cost. Polarized. Low Shelf Life.

Read More-
Caps Electronics Club, - What Exactly Is A Capacitor,
Capacitance And Capacitors., - Educypedia-Capacitors.
 Voltage Rating is the most important to ensure long operational life and
reliability, overrate 1.5 times. If max voltage capacitor will face is 15V then
use 25V rating capacitor.
SMPS-ESR means Equivalent series Resistance at high SMPS frequency, the
capacitor adds a inductance by the way it is constructed. So use Caps in
Parallel for Lower ESR.
For Oscillators and A-D Converters choose Plastic Multilayer Caps as they leak
less and have low temperature sensitivity.
Ceramic and Elcap are for Filtering and decoupling and are low priced too.
Electrolytic Caps back2back in series can make non-polar caps for Low current
AC like AF, as used in a cross-over network of loud speaker of stereo system.
NPO "negative-positive-zero" caps and most plastic caps can be used for
Oscillators as the negative and positive temperature coefficients are very less.
Most Plastic Caps are wound, so have inductance, which makes them unsuitable
for filtering RF.
X and Y caps are special EMI-RFI filter caps, suppress interference and are safe
at high voltage.