MC LC

1. Mc tiu .................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Gia thanh ......................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Chi phi v n hanh va bao dng ...................................................................... 3
1.3 Thi tr
ng ........................................................................................................ 3
2. Tom t t n i dung thi t k ....................................................................................... 3
3. Thi t k khi ng rotor .......................................................................................... 3
3.1 Thi t k s b ..................................................................................................
3
3.1.1 anh gia la cho n cng su t cua turbine ................................................. 3
3.1.2 V n t c gio thi t k ................................................................................... 4
3.1.3 S lng cnh ........................................................................................... 5
3.1.4 Cho n bin da ng canh va tim h s lc nng CL va lc can C D trn canh 5
3.1.5 Cn b ng cng su t va s vong quay cua rotor ........................................ 6
3.2 Thi t k chi ti t rotor turbine gio .................................................................... 8
4. Thi t k k t c u tru thap....................................................................................... 12
4.1 La cho n k t c u tru thap .............................................................................. 12
4.1.1 Thap khung gian ..................................................................................... 12
4.1.2 Thp hinh ng ......................................................................................... 13
4.1.3 Thap dy n i t ..................................................................................... 13
4.2 V t li u lam tru thap ...................................................................................... 14
4.3 Thi t k thap .................................................................................................. 14
5. H thng iu khin ............................................................................................. 21
6. H thng in ....................................................................................................... 25
6.1 Nguyn tc truyn ti in: ........................................................................... 25
6.2 May phat in ................................................................................................ 25
6.3 B Controller: ................................................................................................ 26
6.4 Pin.................................................................................................................. 28
DANH MC BNG:
Table 1 Cng su t cac thi t bi i n thng s du ng trong gia in h .................................... 3
Table 2 ng kin h tin h theo cng su t t ng th va V_tk.................................................. 7
Table 3 Tinh ng kinh theo TSR va V_tk ....................................................................... 7
Table 4 Bang tinh cac gia tri goc t canh va dy cung canh ........................................... 10
Table 5 Thng s ng thp c SCH40............................................................................. 18
Table 6 Lc kh ng v din tch cnh ............................................................................ 24
Table 7 Bng thng s, gi thnh mt s loi my pht theo s vng quay ..................... 26
Table 8 Bng thng s k thut ca Huaxiao VWG2008V2 ............................................. 27
Table 9 Nhu Cu s dng in gia nh ............................................................................ 28
Table 10 Thng s ki thu t Pin ELNIKA 12V-200ah....................................................... 29

DANH MC HNH NH
Figure 1 V n t c gio trung bin h cao 10 m................................................................... 4
Figure 2: Ty s v n t c mui theo s l ng canh ................................................................. 5
Figure 3: bin da ng canh NACA 4412 ................................................................................ 5
Figure 4 Gian h s lc nng theo goc ti ...................................................................... 9
Figure 5: Quy trin h thi t k ................................................................................................. 9
Figure 6 Phn b dy cung canh c(m) ............................................................................... 11
Figure 7 Hnh chiu ng rotor ......................................................................................... 12
Figure 8 Hnh chiu cnh rotor .......................................................................................... 12
Figure 9 Hnh tng th 3D rotor ........................................................................................ 12
Figure 10 Tru thap da ng khung gian ................................................................................. 13
Figure 11: Tru thap da ng ng ............................................................................................ 13
Figure 12: Thap dy n i t............................................................................................... 14
Figure 13: Thap b ng kim loa i va composite .................................................................... 14
Figure 14: Cac thanh ph n lc tac du ng ln tru thap ......................................................... 15
Figure 15: M hinh hoa lc tac du ng vao turbine ............................................................. 15
Figure 16 Bng NPS cho kch thc ng .......................................................................... 16
Figure 17 Mt ct ca tr thp ........................................................................................... 18
Figure 18 M hnh h iu khin ca turbine.................................................................... 22
Figure 19 Lc dc trc ca turbine theo tng vn tc....................................................... 24
Figure 20: B Controller Huaxiao VWG2008V2 ............................................................. 27
Figure 21: Pin ELNIKA 12V-200ah ................................................................................. 29

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 2

1. Mc tiu
Mc ch ca vic thit k turbine gio cng su t nho nh m cung c p i n gio n vi
cac h gia nh vung su vung xa ma i n li cha th ti p c n ti, ho c co th s du ng
cho cac vung co ti m nng gio ln ph ti tiu th i n gip gim chi ph s dng
in. Do o, turbine gio cng sut nh phi m bo cc tiu ch v gi thnh, chi ph vn
hnh, bo dng v m bo c th trng tiu th.

1.1 Gia thanh

Chi phi san xut ti thi u nh t co th , tuy nhin vn am bao ch t l ng. C n xem
xet cac phng an thi t k , vn chuy n ti thi u chi phi.

1.2 Chi phi v n hanh va bao dng

C n giam thi u t i a chi phi v n hanh va bao dng giam gia thanh ban in.

1.3 Thi tr
ng
Phi nhm n nhi u thi trng ti m nng, vi vy c n phai co v n t c thi t k phu
h p vi vn t c gio trung bin h (4-5 m/s) ti cc th trng tim nng o.

2. Tom t t n i dung thi t k

anh gia va la cho n c ng su t thi t k cho turbine
Thu thp d li u v n tc gio theo vung trn lan h th Vi t Nam, anh gia va cho n
v n t c thi t k .
Tinh toan thi t k khi ng rotor
La chn k t c u tru thap va tin h toan k t c u
Tin h toan phng an iu khi n turbine
La cho n thit bi cho h th ng in
c tnh chi phi va gia thanh.

3. Thi t k khi ng rotor

3.1 Thi t k s b
3.1.1 anh gia la cho n cng su t cua turbine
Nhu cu s dng in gia nh
Table 1 Cng su t cac thi t bi i n thng s dung trong gia inh

S TT Lai thit b Cng sut thng thng

1 n compac x 3 90 W
2 Ni Cm in 1.8 lit 700W
3 Tivi 17 40 W
4 Qua t i n 55W

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 3

 5 Sa c i n thoa i 5W
6 Cac thi t bi khac 200W
Tng 1090W
Cng
T o ta xac nh cng sut ca turbine gio phc v c nhng nhu cu c bn
ca tng h gia nh. Thy rng cng sut 500 W l ph hp cho nhu cu s dng ca i
a s h gia nh, nn ta s thc hin thit k rotor cho tua bin gi cng sut 500 W.
3.1.2 Vn t c gio thi t k
Cho n vn t c gio thi t k

Figure 1 Vn t c gio trung binh cao 10 m

T bng thng k trn, ta thy rng vung v n t c gio trung bin h vtb 4 6m / s ti
cao 10m chim nhiu tnh thnh, nn tim nng cho turbine gio ln.

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 4

 Xem xt vung thit k turbine gio tinh Hon D u (Hai Phong), Quy Nhn, Phan
Thi t (Binh Thu n), co v n t c gio trung bin h khoang vtb 5m / s . Suy ra v n t c gio thi t
k khoang vtk 8.3m / s k 1.66

3.1.3 S lng cnh

Thng thng s chn t 2 3 cnh. Rotor 3 cnh c moment xon l hng, khng
ph thuc vo goc t roto. Vy ta chn s cnh cho mu thit k l 3 cnh.

Figure 2: Ty s vn t c mui theo s lng canh

3.1.4 Chn bin da ng canh va tim

h s lc nng CL va lc can C D trn canh
Rotor ca cac loa i ng c gio phat i n hi n nay thng la bin da ng NACA 4412
do mt di ca airfoil ny gn nh phng d dng cho qu trnh gia cng sn xut.

Figure 3: bin dang canh NACA 4412

Lc nng
S thay i h s lc nng CL theo goc ti cua NACA 4412 vi 10o :

Re 3 106 CL ( ) 0.095 0.44 (1.1)

Re 6 106 n Re 9 109 CL ( ) 0.1025 0.44 (1.2)
Lc can

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 5

 Khi trn t m ph ng la lp bin t ng thi, thi h s ma sat c f chi phu thu c vao Re:

- Theo k t qua Blasius Re 5 105 ;

c f 1.328Re1/2 (1.3)
Khi trn t m phng la lp bin r i:
- K t qu theo thc nghim 5 105 Re 107
c f 0.0074Re1/5 (1.4)
- K t qua cua Schliching:
0.455
cf (1.5)
(log Re) 2.58

Suy ra h s lc can trn canh thi b ng h s lc can trn t m ph ng nhn vi h s

hi u chinh
CD 1.235 2 c f (1.6)
3.1.5 Cn b ng cng su t va s vong quay cua rotor
C p la hi u su t t ng th cua rotor. Gii hn C p trong iu kin l tng l 0.593.
Trong thc t , hi u su t chi co th a t n 0.45.
Cng sut thu c khi i qua may phat in l:
1 D2
P C p Vtk3
2 4
Hiu sut may phat in >0.9 (do nha san xu t cung c p)

\cp 0.4 0.4100 0.42 0.4300 0.44 0.4500

0.9 0.36 0.369 0.378 0.387 0.396 0.405

0.91 0.364 0.3731 0.3822 0.3913 0.4004 0.4095

0.92 0.368 0.3772 0.3864 0.3956 0.4048 0.414

0.93 0.372 0.3813 0.3906 0.3999 0.4092 0.4185

0.94 0.376 0.3854 0.3948 0.4042 0.4136 0.423

0.95 0.38 0.3895 0.399 0.4085 0.418 0.4275

0.96 0.384 0.3936 0.4032 0.4128 0.4224 0.432

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 6

 Bn cnh o cng phi cn nhc ti h s v n t c mi canh TSR (TSR ln th cnh
thit k phi ap ng kh ng tt, TSR = 6 8).
Ta tnh ton v n t c mui canh TSR bng cng thc:
TSR Vtk
D 60
n
Table 2 ng kinh tinh theo cng su t t ng th va V_tk

c p *
Vn t c thi t Cng
0.369 0.3731 0.3772 0.378 0.3822 0.3864
k (m/s) su t (W)
8 2.3455 2.3326 2.3199 2.3174 2.3047 2.2921
8.3 2.2195 2.2073 2.1953 2.1929 2.1808 2.1690
8.5 2.1416 2.1298 2.1182 2.1160 2.1043 2.0929
9 1.9657 1.9548 1.9442 1.9421 1.9314 1.9209
9.5 1.8125 1.8026 1.7927 1.7908 1.7810 1.7713
500
10 1.6783 1.6691 1.6600 1.6582 1.6491 1.6401
10.5 1.5599 1.5513 1.5428 1.5412 1.5327 1.5243
11 1.4547 1.4467 1.4388 1.4373 1.4294 1.4216
11.5 1.3609 1.3534 1.3460 1.3446 1.3372 1.3299
12 1.2767 1.2697 1.2628 1.2614 1.2545 1.2477
Table 3 Tinh ng kinh theo TSR va V_tk

Vn tc S vong TSR
Cng
thi t k quay
su t (W) 6 6.5 7 7.5 8
(m/s) (rpm)
8 500 2.2918 2.4828 2.6738 2.8648 3.0558
8.5 500 2.4351 2.6380 2.8409 3.0438 3.2468
9 500 2.5783 2.7932 3.0080 3.2229 3.4377
9.5 500 2.7215 2.9483 3.1751 3.4019 3.6287
10 400 500 2.8648 3.1035 3.3423 3.5810 3.8197
10.5 500 3.0080 3.2587 3.5094 3.7600 4.0107
11 500 3.1513 3.4139 3.6765 3.9391 4.2017
11.5 500 3.2945 3.5690 3.8436 4.1181 4.3927
12 500 3.4377 3.7242 4.0107 4.2972 4.5837
8 500 1.8335 1.9863 2.1390 2.2918 2.4446
8.3 500 1.9022 2.0607 2.2193 2.3778 2.5363
500
8.5 500 1.9481 2.1104 2.2727 2.4351 2.5974
9 500 2.0626 2.2345 2.4064 2.5783 2.7502

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 7

 9.5 500 2.1772 2.3587 2.5401 2.7215 2.9030
10 500 2.2918 2.4828 2.6738 2.8648 3.0558
10.5 500 2.4064 2.6070 2.8075 3.0080 3.2086
11 500 2.5210 2.7311 2.9412 3.1513 3.3614
11.5 500 2.6356 2.8552 3.0749 3.2945 3.5141
12 500 2.7502 2.9794 3.2086 3.4377 3.6669
8 500 1.5279 1.6552 1.7825 1.9099 2.0372
8.5 500 1.6234 1.7587 1.8939 2.0292 2.1645
9 500 1.7189 1.8621 2.0054 2.1486 2.2918
9.5 500 1.8144 1.9656 2.1168 2.2680 2.4192
10 600 500 1.9099 2.0690 2.2282 2.3873 2.5465
10.5 500 2.0054 2.1725 2.3396 2.5067 2.6738
11 500 2.1008 2.2759 2.4510 2.6261 2.8011
11.5 500 2.1963 2.3794 2.5624 2.7454 2.9285
12 500 2.2918 2.4828 2.6738 2.8648 3.0558
T nhng iu lu trn, ta chn c cc thng s thit k sau:

Cng su t thi t k P = 500 W

ng knh D = 2.219 m
TSR TSR = 7
S vong quay thit k N = 500 rpm
V n t c thi t k Vtk 8.3m / s
S canh n=3
H s cng su t c p 0.41
Hi u su t may phat i n 0.91

3.2 Thi t k chi ti t rotor turbine gio

Nhm s dung phng phap cho goc tn la h ng s ta i mo i vi tri ban kinh, vi ta
cho n nn ta se cho n sao cho ta i vi tri co CL tng i ln da trn gian h s lc
nng theo goc ti cua bin da ng canh NACA 4412.

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 8

 Figure 4 Gian h s lc nng theo goc ti

H s lc nng CL ln dn n h s k se nho. Ta se cho n gia tri 4o , suy ra

CL 0.82 .

Bc 1: Gia thi t k 0.03 ta i mo i vi tri ban kin h cua canh rotor.

Figure 5: Quy trinh thi t k

T h s k va h s v n t c cu c b r ta i tng vi tri ban kin

h r cua canh rotor, ta se
tinh c h s gim v n t c a ma ti o h s cng su t cc b r t i a, vi:

k 4a 1 a k k
r
2
r r
2 1 a 1 2a k r
k r
2
4a 1 a k r
0

T h s a, ta s tm h s c trng cho s bi n i v n t c quay b ca dong khi qua

turbine, vi:

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 9

 b
1
2r k 4a 1 a k k
r
2
r r

Goc c xac inh

t tam giac v n t c, la goc h p gia v n t c ti canh Vr vi
m t phng quet ca rotor, vi
V1 1 a 1 a 1
tan
1 b r 1 b r
Thay th cac h s a, b, k , vao hai phng trin h sau giai he phng trinh tim ra
gia tri r CL .

a CL cos k.sin

1 a 4 sin2
b CL sin k.cos

1 b 4 sin.cos
4a sin 2
CL
(1 a)(cos k sin )
Rut r CL t 2 phng trin h trn va th vao phng trin h sau cho h s cng su t
tinh theo cac h s v n tc a , b va ti s v n t c r .

4b 1
r 1 a r
2

1 b tan
T r CL va CL 0.7 ta tin h c h s day c canh ta i tng vi tri ban kin
h r , va
sau o tinh c chord canh theo h s day c r .

2 r r
c
n
Bc 2: Tim h s lc cn trn canh da theo s Re tin
h c theo chord canh a
c trnh bay ph n (2.3)
CD 1.235 2 c f

Sau o ta s tim li gia tri k CD C

L

Bc 3: Co k mi, ta se tim ti p cac gia tri nh quy trin h thi t k Figure 5. Giai l p
cac bcsa o cho k h i tu . Mu c ic h la tim ki m gia tri k cang nho cang t t, vi tri o thi
h s lc can trn lc nng nho, la vi tri t i u.
Table 4 Bang tinh cac gia tri goc t canh va dy cung canh

LSR CL CL c Re CD k

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 10

 1 30.3359 0.5353 24.3359 0.82 0.6528 0.2167 7.90E+04 0.0117 0.0254

1.5 22.7653 0.3015 16.7653 0.82 0.3677 0.1831 6.63E+04 0.0127 0.0254

2 17.9966 0.1875 11.9966 0.82 0.2287 0.1519 5.49E+04 0.0140 0.0254

2.5 14.8120 0.1261 8.8120 0.82 0.1538 0.1276 4.62E+04 0.0153 0.0254

3 12.5635 0.0899 6.5635 0.82 0.1096 0.1092 3.96E+04 0.0165 0.0254

3.5 10.9021 0.0670 4.9021 0.82 0.0818 0.0950 3.46E+04 0.0176 0.0254

4 4 9.6290 0.0518 3.6290 0.82 0.0631 0.0838 3.06E+04 0.0188 0.0254

4.5 8.6247 0.0411 2.6247 0.82 0.0501 0.0748 2.74E+04 0.0198 0.0254

5 7.8133 0.0333 1.8133 0.82 0.0406 0.0675 2.48E+04 0.0208 0.0254

5.5 7.1448 0.0275 1.1448 0.82 0.0336 0.0613 2.26E+04 0.0218 0.0254

6 6.5859 0.0231 0.5859 0.82 0.0282 0.0561 2.08E+04 0.0228 0.0254

6.5 6.1095 0.0196 0.1095 0.82 0.0240 0.0517 1.92E+04 0.0237 0.0254

7 5.7010 0.0169 -0.2990 0.82 0.0206 0.0479 1.79E+04 0.0246 0.0254

Phn b dy cung canh c (m)

0.25

0.2

0.15
c(m)

0.1

0.05

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
r/R

Figure 6 Phn b dy cung canh c(m)

Mt s hnh nh rotor:

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 11

 Figure 7 Hnh chiu ng rotor

Figure 8 Hnh chiu cnh rotor

Figure 9 Hnh tng th 3D rotor

4. Thi t k k t c u tru thap

Tr thp phi bn c khi lng l cnh, thng nacelles v my pht,
trong qu trnh hot ng tr cn chu ti bin thin sinh ra t gi v chuyn ng quay
ca l cnh. Tr thp phi cng v bn, khi lng cng l nhn t quan trng.
thun tin cho vic vn chuyn, tr thp nn c thit k thnh nhiu phn c th lp
rap. Nhng i vi cc loi tuabin gi loi nh, tr thap thng l mt ng kim loi.

4.1 La cho n k t c u tru thap

4.1.1 Thap khung gian
Ct thp dng khung dn c sn xut s dng nhng mt nghing mi hn thp.
Li th c bn ca ct thp dng khung gin l chi ph, v mt ct thp dng khung gin
ch yu cu bng mt na s nguyn liu so vi mt ct thp hnh ng vi vng chi

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 12

tng t. Tuy nhin, v l do thm m m nhng ct thp khung gin gn nh bin mt
trong vic s dng cho cc tuabine gi c ln v hin i ngy nay.

Figure 10 Tru thap dang khung gian

4.1.2 Thp hin h ng

Hu ht cc tua bin gi c ln u s dng ct thp hnh ng c sn xut trong
khong t 20 30 mt vi cc mt bch ti mi u v c ni li vi nhau ti cac im.
Nhng ct thp l hnh nn (vi ng knh ca chng tng theo hng chn ) tng
mnh ca chng v cng l tit kim nguyn liu.

Figure 11: Tru thap dang ng

4.1.3 Thap dy n i t
Nhiu tuabine gi nh c xy dng vi ct thp thu hp c h tr bi nhng dy
ni. Li th o l tit kim trng lng v do vy tit kim chi ph. S bt li l vic phi
chp nhn nhng kho khn xung quanh ct thap, iu lm n t ph hp trong khu vc
nng tri. Cui cng, loi ct thp ny l d b nghing dn n h hng, do vy nh
hng n an ton tng th.

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 13

 Figure 12: Thap dy n i t

4.2 Vt liu lam tru thap

Thng thng tr thap c ch to, rp ghp bng vt liu kim loi nh thp, u
im ca vt liu kim loi l gi thnh r, cng ln v c tnh bn cao, nhc im l
kho hn khi dy tng, khi lng ln, oxi hoa v n mn l nhng vn m vt liu
kim loi gp phi. Cc loi tuabin gi hin i c lm bng vt liu composite khc
phc c nhc im ca vt liu kim loi nhng kho gia cng chi ph cao. Trong
tng lai kt cu tr thp s ch to bng vt liu kt hp thp b tng, composite si
thy tinh.

Figure 13: Thap b ng kim loai va composite

ti ny nhom cho n v t li u lm thap la b ng thep.

4.3 Thi t k thap

V l tua bin gi loi nh nn chn phng an thit k thp ct v cng dy cap, vic
xac nh ch gi hot ng l cn thit v t o suy ra cac iu kin gii hn hot
ng. n gin khi tnh ton, xem cnh tua bin quay rt nhanh ch gi ti hn,
khi o cn tr gi hu nh hon ton nn h s lc dc trc CT 1 .

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 14

 Figure 14: Cac thanh ph n lc tac dung ln tru thap

Figure 15: M hinh hoa lc tac dung vao turbine

T hnh v:
H l cao thp (ta thit k thp vi H = 10m), D: ng knh cnh cc thng s
cn tm l:
H1 : cao ti v tr gn dy cap, L: ban knh cng dy, kch thc ca ng tr thp,
ta chn vt liu ch to l thp.
Lc dc trc tc dng ln rotor (kt qu t l thuyt ng lng thng)

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 15

 1 D2
FT V12 nCT
2 4
Trong o:
CT l h s lc dc trc

D l ng knh rotor

V1 l vn tc gio trc rotor

n l s l cnh
tnh toan bn cho thap, u tin tao chn loi thp ng c trn th trng
d dng trong vic thi cng. Ti Vit Nam, i vi lnh vc ng thp, khi m t kch
thc ng thp c thng s dng cc loi kch thc sau:

Phi: th hin ng knh ngoi (OD: ouside diameter tnh bng mm)

DN: th hin ng knh danh ngha (tnh bng inch)

dy (W: wall): ty thuc vo tiu chun ca ng. Quy cch ng thp c theo
tiu chun ASME B36.10M v B36.19M. B tiu chun ASME B36 l b tiu chun ca
M a ra b quy cch dnh cho ng thp c ln ng thp hn v kch thc nhm ap
ng vi tng mc ch trong h thng ng ng cng nghip: chu nhit , p xut
thp hoc cao khc nhau. C th i vi ng thp c thng s dng theo SCH gm c:
SCH20, SCH40, SCH80, SCH120 .

Bng quy i kch thc thp ng t phi sang DN (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/DN)

Figure 16 Bng NPS cho kch thc ng

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 16

 Da vo NPS (kch thc ng danh nh Nominal Pipe Size - NPS) l kch thc ng
tiu chun ca Bc M, v tn tiu chun kch thc ng tng ng ca chu u vi
NPS l DN, ng knh ngoi ca ng (outside diameter OD) v chiu dy thnh ng c
th ni suy t bng trn, c da theo tiu chun ASME B36.10M v B36.19M.
t x H H1 , ta s xac nh gi tr x sao cho vn m bo cac iu kin bn ca
thp. Vi iu kin x>R khi quay cc l cnh khng chm vo dy cp.
Ti v tr gn dy cp trn tr s c moment un cc i: M max Fmax x , b qua
thnh phn phn lc ti v tr gn dy cp.
Theo iu kin bn ca vt liu do:

max
M max
x
W
W Fmax

Trong o:

160Mpa 160 106 N m2 l ng sut cho php ca thp (maximum allowable

stress of the material).
Bn trong tr thp l rng nn mt ct l hnh vnh khn.

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 17

 Figure 17 Mt ct ca tr thp

Ta chn ng thp c theo quy cach vi gi tm trung v ph bin l SCH40.

Table 5 Thng s ng thp c SCH40

OD
W (e) ID (d) d D W x
DN (D)
Mm mm m3 m
mm
0.84 5.344
40 48.26 3.683 40.894 0.49
74 E-6
0.87 9.19
50 60.33 3.912 52.506 0.85
03 E-6
0.85 1.74
65 73.03 5.156 62.718 1.61
89 E-5
0.87 2.83
80 88.90 5.486 77.928 2.63
66 E-5
Ta chn ng thp c theo quy cach SCH40 co ng knh ngoi, ng knh trong,

b dy ln lt nh sau: D 73.03mm, d 62.718mm, e 5.156mm

ng knh ngoi D, ng knh trong d

d
T s
D

.D 4
Moment qun tnh: I X IY
4
R 4
out Rin4 64
(1 4 ) 0, 05.D 4 (1 4 )

Moment chng un ca mt ct ngang:

D3
Wx Wy (1 4 )
32
(73.03 103 )3
4
62.718 5
W 1 1.74 10
32 73.03

W 160 10 N
m 2 1.74 105 m3
6

x
Fmax Fmax N

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 18

 Lc dc trc tac ng vo rotor nh hng n kt cu ca thn, tnh iu kin
bn, ta xac nh gi tr lc dc trc (lc y) tc dng vo tr thp da vo iu kin kh
hu , ta chn gi tr vn tc ln nht ta chn Vmax 20 m s

Gi tr lc dc trc ti vn tc ln nht
1 D2 2
FT max CT Vmax n
2 4
2.22
0.5 11.225 202 3
4
889.35 N
tng an ton cho kt cu, ta chn Fmax 1.5 FT max 1334 N

W 160 10 N
m2 1.74 105 m3 2.1m
6

x
Fmax 1334 N

Ta thy x>R tho iu kin thit k nhng cha ti u, vic chn kch thc ng
tho s nh hng n chi ph sn xut nn vic la chn phi va ap ng c sc bn
vt liu, m bo khng gian i dy in trong ng v c v chi ph sn xut..

Da vo bng tra ta c trng lng/mt tng ng ca ng DN65, SCH40 ng

knh ngoi 73mm l 8.63 kg/mt, vy tng khi lng 2 ng l 86.3kg

Ta xac nh c x = 2.1 m (x > R = 1.25m) t o xac nh c v tr gn dy cp

chng tr thp H1 = 10m 2.1m = 7.9m
Tip theo phi xac nh ban knh cng dy L sao cho vi nh nht (Lmin) m vn m
bo thp khng b Buckling (bt n nh). Thng thng ngi ta thit k 3 dy chng
xung quanh mc ch l m bo lc dn u thap c n nh nht.
Buckling l trng thi bt n nh v cu trc lm cho hnh dng vt th b h hng,
bin dng, buckling xy ra khi cu trc chu nn ng tm, xy ra cc cu trc chu nn,
bao gm ct, thanh mnh, .do o tiu chun buckling l quan trng trong phn tch kt
cu.

Khi lng V tr so
Khi lng c
Th tch ring ca vt vi tr
Chi tit tnh
(m3) liu thp
(kg)
(kg/m3) (m)

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 19

 Canh v c cu
19.6 -0.208
lp cnh

Naccell 1.24 103 Thp: 7850 9.7 +0.23

Nha teflon:
ui 7.7 104 1.7 +1.5
2200

May phat in 7 +0.1

Slipring 0.5 0

Bulong, ai c 1.5

m 39.6 40 kg
P 9.81 m 392.4 N
Ti trng t trn tr thp:
iu kin buckling cho tr thp:
FT
3T cos P Pcr
tan

2 EI min
Pcr
Le 2 l ti ti hn. E 200GPa 200 10 N m l Young's
9 2
Trong o:
modulus ca thp.

Cac trng hp buckling

Le = 2H l chiu di n nh

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 20

 Moment qun tnh ca mt ct tr thp:
D 4
D 4
(73.03 10 )
3 4 62.718 4

I min I X IY (1 4 ) (1 4 ) 1 7
6.4 10 m
4

64 64 64 73.03

T l lc cng trn dy, ban u ta gi s chn lc cng dy l T = 1000N
2 EI min 2 2 1011 6.4 107
Pcr 3158.3 N
2 10
2
Le 2
Suy ra ti trng ti hn:
Kim nghim iu kin buckling:
3T cos P Pcr
3 1000 cos 3158.3 392.4
22.78

Ta chn 23 , tnh c ban knh dy cng: L H1 tan 7.9 tan 23 3.35m

Tu trng hp m khi tin hnh dng thp, vi mi gi tr lc cng dy ta s xc

nh c ban knh dy cng trn mt t.

5. H thng iu khin
trnh vic turbine b h hi khi gi qu ln ta cn thit k h thng iu khin. H
thng ny gip turbine thu nh vng din tch qut trt b nng lng tha hoc trnh
hn gi khi vn tc gi qu ln. y nhom chn phng an iu khin gp.
H thng iu khin c b tr may phat v ui gp gn trn bn xoay - nm
hai bn ca may phat c gn cng vi bn xoay. ui gp gm mt l cnh v thanh
dm c gn vi bn xoay bng mt cht quay v mt l xo.
Khi vn tc gi vn tc gi thit k, lc n hi do l xo to ra moment cn
bng vi moment do lc kh ng quanh cht quay. Lc ny, ui gp v mt phn ca
bn quay nh to thnh mt canh tay n co chiu di L. Moment do lc kh ng (tc
dng ln l cnh) v moment do lc dc trc (ca tuabine) c cn bng gip tuabine
gi c hng on gio.

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 21

 Figure 18 M hnh h iu khin ca turbine

Khi vn tc gi ln hn vn tc gi thit k, mt phng qut phi nghing trt bt

nng lng d tha ng thi lc kh ng tc dng ln canh ui cng tng ln, lc n
hi ca l xo cng phi tng ln gi turbine v tr cn bng mi.
Thit k la canh v ui
y ta s tm kch thc cnh chnh bng cch cn bng moment theo tng vn tc
tm lc kh ng ca l cnh. T o suy ra din tch v kch thc ca cnh.
Chn cc thng s u vo
ng knh tr thp: = 70

ng knh my pht: = 185

Khong cnh t trc tr thap n trc my pht: = 50
Canh tay n ca lc kh ng: = 1500

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 22

 Chn goc t ca ui ban u l = 5
Theo thit k, tuabin t cng sut nh mc vn tc thit k l 8,3 m/s. Lc ny,
mt phng qut ca rotor vung goc vi hng gio, nhng khi vn tc gi ln hn th
mt phng qut ny phi nghing mt gc gim bt lu lng gio i qua no v vn
gi c cng sut nh mc. T o ta co phng trnh tm gc nh sau:
3
0.5Vtk A = 0.5V 3 A cos
3
Vtk
cos = 3
V
Lc cn ca tuabin:
FT = 0.5V 2 A cos CFT
3
Vtk
FT = 0.5V 2 A C
V 3 FT
3
Vtk
FT = 0.5A C
V FT
T phng trnh trn ta thy, khi vn tc tng v ln hn vn tc thit k th lc cn
s gim. Khi o, moment ca ui cn to ra t hn so vi moment cn thit khi vn tc
thit k. tha mn c iu kin moment gim th hoc l din tch ui gim hoc
l canh tay n gim. V din tch cnh khng th thay i v phn iu khin c cht
xoay cho php thay i c canh tay n khi goc thay i. Do o, phn thit k ui,
ta s chia ra lm hai phn cn tnh ton
Din tch canh ui da vo vn tc nh hn vn tc thit k
V tr cht xoay trn ui da vo vn tc ln hn vn tc thit k
Tm din tch ui:
Cn bng moment cho lc dc trc v lc kh ng ta c:
FT . e = FL . L cos 5
FT . e
FL =
L cos 5
Din tch canh khi o l:
FL
S=
1 2
V CL
2
Bin dng canh c la chn l NACA 2412 v goc t l 5. Khi o, = 0,274156

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 23

 Table 6 Lc kh ng v din tch cnh

v (m/s) (N) S (2 )

4 1.247 0.464

6 2.805 0.464

8 5.367 0.464

Vy din tch cnh xp x 0,46 2 . Chn dy dung cnh l c = 0,5 m v si cnh l b =

0,92 m.
Tm v tr cht xoay trn ui:
Lc kh n tc dng ln cnh ui:
FL = 0.5V 2 CL
Canh tay n cn bng lc cn v lc kh ng:
FL . d = F T . e
FT . e
d=
FL
Gi khong cch t tm lc kh ng n cht xoay l x m. T hnh 1, ta co phng
trnh:
d = x + (1.5 x) cos( + 5)
d 1.5 cos( + 5)
x=
1 cos( + 5)
Figure 19 Lc dc trc ca turbine theo tng vn tc

Lc kh
Gc ng
= V tr cht
nghing Canh tay n
V (m/s) 2
0.5 cos tc dng xoay

(N) vo ui D (m)
X (m)
(N)

8.3 0.000 160.397 5.367 1.494 0

12 70.677 110.942 11.219 0.494 0.165

13 74.915 102.408 13.166 0.389 0.154

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 24

 14 77.973 95.093 15.270 0.311 0.146

15 80.246 88.753 17.529 0.253 0.141

16 81.976 83.206 19.944 0.209 0.137

17 83.317 78.312 22.515 0.174 0.134

Gi tr trung bnh ca x 0.146

6. H thng in
i vi turbine gi loi nh th h thng in n gin hn so vi turbine gi loi ln
gm cc thnh phn chnh sau:
o Cc thnh phn trn nacelle
Stator + Rotor
May phat in
Slip ring
o Cc thnh phn mt t bao gm:
Change controller
Baterry
Inventer

6.1 Nguyn tc truyn ti in:

Dng in t Wind turbine c a qua b iu khiu Controller/Inverter. T
Controller in s c kim tra v tn s v in ap trc khi np vo battery. Nu dng
in qua ap hay pin y th Controller chu trch nhim iu khin khng cho dng
in np vo pin na v x ra bn ngoi.
T cc ngun in co nh Wind turbine, Battery co th s dng trc tip cho cc
ngun in DC hoc AC thng qua Inverter. Ty vo ti s dng ca gia nh m ta co
th chn Battery v b Controller cho ph hp

6.2 My phat in
May Phat in trong turbine c dung to ra ngun in nng da vo c nng
ca trc quay. y ta khng s dng hp s m gn trc tip trc motor vo cnh qut
gip lm gim tn tht trong qu trnh truyn ng.
i vi my pht th theo yu cu s dng v thit k c nu trn ta chn loi
500W ta c bng s liu thng k cc loi may phat nh sau:

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 25

 Table 7 Bng thng s, gi thnh mt s loi my pht theo s vng quay

Tn Sn Phm (xut S Vng Quay

Gi Thnh (USD) Khi lng
s Trung Quc) (rpm)

PMG320 200 645 20 kg

NH-500 350 490 16 kg

NJS-400 400 380 11 kg

NJS-500 500 320 7 kg

Naier NE-500P 600 200 6.1 kg

FT-500M2 600 188 6.2 kg

Ta chn loi my pht NJS-500, cng sut 500 W c gi thnh l 320 USD v c
khi lng khong 7 kg.

6.3 B Controller:
B controller iu khi n vi c na p i n vao c quy va ki m soat tin
h tra ng qua tai khi
i n a sa c y c quy.
B controller rt quan trng, n c nhim v nh l canh ca ong m ngun in.
Khi ngun in qu p th controller c tc dng ngt ngun in khi pin xc trnh
trng hp gy h hi pin.

Tn Sn Phm Gi Thnh (USD) Cng Sut Thit K

JW-MPPT 12/24volts 500w
mppt wind solar hybrid 70 500W-12V
controller

Altinel Enerji - iSTA Breeze

45 500W -12V
i-500-24

600W-12V (500W-wind
Huaxiao VWG2008V2 60
turbine and 100W solar)
Ta chon b Huaxiao VWG2008V2 v c th kt hp c turbine gio v nng lng
mt tri. y co th hng n vi c k t h p ca vi c s du ng nng l ng m t tri
turbine gio.

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 26

 Figure 20: B Controller Huaxiao VWG2008V2
Table 8 Bng thng s k thut ca Huaxiao VWG2008V2

MODEL VWG2008

600W (Best ration: wind turbine500W, PV cells1

Rated Power
00W)

12/24V,100-
Applicable batteries
300Ah(automatic distinguish voltage)

Wind turbine automatically braking

17.5V/32.5V (DC voltage after rectification)
voltage

Battery full charge cut 14.32V/28.64V(default, adjustable)

Battery low voltage disconnect loa

10.98V/21.97Vdefault, adjustable
d

Load on voltage 12.44V/28.88V(default, adjustable)

Charge current max 40A/20A

Load current max 35.61A/17.80A

Recovery time after the automatic

10 Secondsdefault,adjustable
braking

No load loss Less than 40mA

Dimensions 22813375mm

Weight 1.2kg

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 27

 Environment temperature 10~+50
Working environment
Relative humidity 090

6.4 Pin
Table 9 Nhu Cu s dng in gia nh

S TT Lai thit b Cng sut thng

thng
1 n compac x 3 90 W
2 Ni Cm in 1.8 lit 700W
3 Tivi 17 40W
4 Qua t i n 55W
5 Sa c i n thoa i 5W
6 Cac thi t bi khac 200W
Tng Cng 1090W
Vic la chon s dng pin tranh trng hp ngun in li b mt hoc nhng
lc khng c gi th vn ap ng nhu cu s dng in cho h gia nh.
chn c pin ph hp th ta cn phi tnh toan c gi tr amp-hours (ah)
T Pr
AH
V PF
T l thi gian s dng pin: ta chn gi tr khong 10h
Pr l tng cng sut tiu th: Theo nhu cu s dng ca h gia nh vo khong

V l hiu in th mch np: u ta thit k turbine 500W nn ta s dng mch np

l 12V
PF l hiu sut b chuyn dng : 0.8
T y ta tnh c gi tri AH =1000
Ta chn 5 Cc Pin ELNIKA 12V-200ah Mc ni tip nhau. Gi mi vin Pin l
3tr9

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 28

 Figure 21: Pin ELNIKA 12V-200ah
Table 10 Thng s ki thut Pin ELNIKA 12V-200ah

M sn phm MF200

in p (V) 12

Dung lng (Ah) 200

Thng s k thut

Di (mm) 518

Rng (mm) 266

Cao (mm) 216

Tng cao (mm) 240

in cc hp kim ch

NGUYN CAO TRNG SN G1303417 29