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Tri
balpeopl
econst
it
ute8.
6%oft
henat
ion'
stot
alpopul
ati
on,
over104mi
ll
ion
peopl
easper2011census.
TheConst i
tut
ion(Schedul
edTribes)Order(SecondAmendment )Bil
l,2013:
Thebil
laimsati ncl
usi
onofNarikoravan,gr
oupedwithKur i
vikkar
ancommuni t
y
fr
om Tami lNadu,andDhanuharandDhanuwarcommuni t
iesfrom Chhatt
isgar
h
i
nt hel
istofScheduledTri
beswillr
equireaConsti
tut
ionalamendment .

Tr
ibesspr
eadacr
ossdi
ff
erentpar
tsofI
ndi
a

Name St
ate Descr
ipt
ion
Bhi
ls(
der
ivedf
rom bow) MP,Guj
arat
, Popul
arl
yknownast
hebow
Raj
ast
han, menofRajast
han
Mahar
ashtr
aand
Theyfor
msthelar
gestt
ri
beof
nort
h-east
ernpar
t thewhol
eSouthAsia
ofTri
pura
Di
videdi
ntot
womai
ngr
oups:
Cent
ralorpur
eBhilsand
East
ernorRajputBhi
ls
TheyspeakBhil
i,
whichi
san
I
ndoAryanlanguage

Rel
igi
onpracti
ceamongthe
Bhi
lsdif
ferf
rom pl
acet
oplace

TheBaneshwarfai
rist
hemai
n
fest
ival
cel
ebr
atedduri
ng
 Shi
vrat
ri
Munda(meansheadmanoft
he Mai
nlyJhar
khand TheyspeakMundari,
whichi
sa
vi
ll
age) Austr
o-Asi
ati
clanguage
Spreadacross
Bi
har,WB, Complexi
onisbl
acki
sh.They
Chhatt
isgarhand haveshor
tcurl
yhair
.
Ori
ssa
Christi
anityi
sthemai
n
rel
igion.

Theybel
ievei
nSingbonga,
whichmeanstheSunGod

Theyremai nedhunt
ersf
or
cent
uries.Butnowtheyhave
beenconver t
edint
othesett
led
agri
cul
t ur
ist

Mage,Phagu,Kar
am,Sarhul,
andSohraiar
ethefewfest
ival
s
cel
ebr
ated
Sant
hal
s WestBengal
,Bihar
, I ti
soneofthelar
gestt
ri
bein
Ori
ssa,

Jharkhand Indi
a
andAssam
Theywaggedwaragainstt
he
permanentset
tl
ementofLord
Cornwal
li
sin1855.

TheyspeakSanthal
i,whi
chi
sa
Aust
ro-Asi
ati
clanguage

Theyareengagedinhunti
ng,
fi
shi
ngandcultivat
ionf
orthei
r
l
ivel
ihood

Theyhavenotemplesoftheir
own.Theyevendonotwor shi
p
anyidol
s.Sant
hal
sf ol
lowthe
Sarnarel
igi
on.

Theymai nl
ycelebratethe
Karam fest
ivalt
opl easethe
Godtoincreasetheirwealth
andfreethem fr
om al lt
he
enemies.
Gonds Wi del
yspr eadin Theyar ethel argest
tribe
in
theChhi ndwar a CentralIndia
distri
ctofMadhya
Pradesh, Bastar TheyspeakGondil anguage
distri
ctof whichi srel
atedt otheTel gu
Chhat t
isgarhand andtheot herDr avidian
alsoint hepar t
sof l
anguages.I nt henor thern
Mahar asht r
a, part
sGondsar eof t
enseen
Andhr aPr adesh, speakingt heloc alHindi.
andOr issa. Theyar edividedi nt
of ourtri
bes
namel y-RajGonds, Madi a
Gonds, DhurveGonds,
KhatulwarGonds

Theyarelar
gelyi
nfl
uencedby
theHindusandforthelong
ti
mehavebeenpr acti
cingthe
Hinduscult
ureandtradit
ions

Kesl
apurJathr
aisthe
i
mportantf
esti
valoft
heGonds
Khasi Mai nl
yfoundi n Theyarecal
ledbythedif
fer
ent
thestateofAssam namessuchasKhasiPahr i
s,
andt heKhasi Khuchi
a,Kassi
,Khashiand
Jaintiahil
lsi
n Khasa
Meghal aya
MostoftheKhasi
sfol
low
Chr
ist
ianit
y
Otherpl
acesar
e TheyspeakKhasi-
anAust
ro-
Punjab, Asiat
icl
anguage
UP,
Manipur
,WB
andJ&K Thepropert
yoftheKhasi
sis
passedonf r
om themot
hert
o
theyoungestdaught
er

Thewomenwearsi l
verorgol
d
cr
ownont hei
rheadandmen
wearl
argeearr
ings.

Nongkrem ist
hemajorf
esti
val
cel
ebratedamong
theKhasi

s.
Bai
ga Chhat
ti
sgar
h, Theyar
ethefor
est-
dwell
ing
Jhar
khand, abor
igi
nal
sfr
om centr
alI
ndia
 MadhyaPradesh Theydonoti nter
actwi
thot
her
andOri
ssa tr
ibal
,bel
ieveinahand-t
o-
mouthexistence.

Donott r
ytoaccesseducati
on,
eatout
sidet
heircommunity,
or
associ
atewit
hothers

Tatt
ooingisani
ntegr
alpar
tof
thei
rli
fest
yle

Bi
rhor Chhat
ti
sgar
h, Theyareknownast
hehunt
er
Jhar
khand,
Ori
ssa tr
ibe.
(
meanspeopl
esofj
ungl
es)
Thistribei
saProto-Austral
oid
tri
be,physi
cal
lyrecognizabl
eby
theirdeep,
dar
k-brownski n
colorandwavy,curly/
fri
zzy
blackhair

Thet r
ibei sdivi
dedintot wo
majorsub- tri
bes,theJaghi s
Bir
hor (wander i
ng,pract
iceshi f
t
cult
ivation)andUt halu
Bir
ho( settl
ed,fol
lowagr o-based
economy)

Tanda:Thesett
lementwhether
permanentort
emporar y,
which
consi
stsofusuall
yhalfadozen
ormorehuts

Innewsbecausethet r
ibe
str
ugglestomaint
ain
tr
adit
ionall
if
est
yleintheface
ofgovernmenti
nterventi
on

Chenchus Andhr
aPr
adesh, Theyl
ivei
nbeehi
veshaped

Karnat
aka ti
nyhutswi
thwat
tl
ewall
s
and
Odisha
TheyspeakChenchulanguage
wit
htheTelguaccent
 Theywor shipnumberof
deit
ies.Theymainl
ybeli
evei
n
Bhagabant aruwholi
vesint
he
skyandl ookaft
ert
hem inall
thei
rdoings

Theyarereferr
edtoasoneof
thePr
imit
iveTr i
balGroupsthat
arest
il
ldependentonf orest
s
anddonotcul t
ivat
elandbut
huntf
oral i
ving

Mostoft
hemi
nhabi
tint
he
Nal
lamal
aihi
ll
sofAP

Nor
thandNor
th-
West
Name St
ate Descr
ipt
ion
Gaddi
s Hi
machalPr
adesh Theymainl
ydwellaroundDhauladhar
mountai
nrange,Chamba,Bharmaurand
thear
easneartoDharamshala

Themainoccupati
onisshepherdi
ngand
theymaket hei
rli
vel
ihoodbyreari
ngand
sell
ingsheep,goat
s,mulesandhorses.

Mostoft
hem ar
eHi
ndusandaf
ew
Musl
ims

Themostatt
racti
veaspectaboutt
his
tr
ibei
sthei
ratt
ir
e.

Theyspeakt
heGaddiLanguagebutf
or
wri
ti
ngtheyuseTakr
iandHindi
.
Pangwal Hi
machalPr
adesh
Theyarethei
nhabi
tant
soft
hePangi
val
leyofChambadi
stri
ct

Theyareknownf
ortheircharmi
ngfaces,
fi
nephysi
queandfortheirl
oveofsong
anddance.
 Theyar
emost
lyengagedi
nfar
ming.
Bhut
ia Si
kki
m Theyareal
soknownast
heLachenpas
andLachungpas
(
Bai
chungBhut
ia?)
Theyareoft
heTibet
anorigi
nand
migr
atedtoSi
kki
m around16thcent
ury.

Theyfor
m 14%oft
het
otalpopul
ati
onof
Si
kkim.

Theyusuall
yspeakSi
kkimese.Theyalso
speakLepcha,
Bhuti
a,Nepal
i,Engl
ishand
Hindi
.

Atr
adi
ti
onalBhut
iahouseiscall
eda
"
khi
m"andisusuall
yrect
angular
.

LosarandLosoongar
ethemai
nfest
ival
s
cel
ebrat
ed
Li
mbus/Li
mboos Si
kki
m Theyareoneofthei
ndi
genoustri
beof
Si
kkim bel
ongi
ngtoNepal
istock

Mongoloi
dlookingbyfigurehavi
ngthei
r
ownl
anguage,fait
h,costume,cul
tur
eand
l
if
est
yle.

Thei
rtradi
ti
onalgroupdancecall
ed
Dhannachisfamoususuallyperf
ormed
i
nthemar ri
age,deathandanyfest
ive
cel
ebrati
ons.

Theyarefarmer
sbypr of
essi
onandthey
l
oveenjoyingt
heirli
femorebysi
ngi
ng,
feast
inganddancing.

Thetr
aditi
onaldr
essoft
heLi
mbusi
s
mekhliandtaga.
Lepchas Si
kki
m Theyareoneoft
hei
ndi
genoust
ri
beof
Si
kkim

Theylookf
airi
ncomplexion,
shyin
natur
eweari
nggeneral
lyakindofset
wearofshi
rtandt
rouserscal
ledHont
aj
Gyador.
 Theycal
lthemsel
vesRongi
nthei
r
l
anguage.

Theyspeaktheirowndialectandtheyt
oo
fol
lowthesameTi bet
anf orm of
Buddhi
sm besidesthei
rlocalfai
th.

Buksa Ut
tar
akhandand Theyareoneoft
hepr
imi
ti
vet
ri
balgr
oups
UP ofIndi
a

Theyare
indi
genouspeopleconcer
ated
i
nt he
DehradunandNai
nit
al
in
the
Kumaon foot
hil
ls
ofthe
outer
Himalayas

Majoroccupat
ionar
eagr
icul
tur
eand
ani
malhusbandry

Nor
th-
East
Name St
ate Descr
ipt
ion
Apat
aniorTanni Ar
unachalPr
adesh Theyar
eset
tledagri
cul
turi
stsi
nhabi
ti
ng
thevall
eyar
oundZi r
o-t
heheadquart
ersof
LowerSubansir
idist
ri
ct.

Theypracti
cepermanentwet
land
culti
vat
ioni
nhil
lyter
rai
nbyslici
ngt
he
hil
ls.

Theyarel
oyalf
oll
owersoft
he
Donyi
-Pol
o
fai
th,
whopr
aytotheSunandt
heMoon

Menofothert
ribeswoul doft
enstealt
he
Apat
aniwomen, whichl edtheApatani
mentotatt
oothef acesoft hei
rwomen
andmakethem wearmassi venoseplugs,
i
nordertomaket hem lessappeali
ng.
Adi
s/BokarLhoba Ar
unachalPr
adesh Theyhavet
womai
ndi
visi
onst
heBogum
,Assam andBomis
(
meani
nghi
llormount
ain
t
op) Theybynat
urear
edemocr at
icand
or
gani
zedvi
ll
agecounci
lcall
edKebang

Theirt
radi
ti
onaldancecal
ledPonungi
s
famousinthewholeofArunachal
Pradesh.

Dancesar
ever
ypopul
aramongt
hem.

Thevil
lagesaresi
tuat
edgener
all
yont
he
spur
sofhi l
ls

Thewomenarever
ygoodweaversand
weavecl
othwi
thhi
ghl
yart
ist
icdesi
gns.
Nyi
shi
s Ar
unachalPr
adesh Theyarethelargestgr
oupsofpeopl
e
i
nhabit
ingthemaj orpar
tofLower
Subansir
idist
ri
ct

Thei
rmenfolkweartheirhai
rlongandt
ie
i
tinaknotjustabovethefor
ehead

Theyare
Indo-Mongol
oidgr
oupofpeople
andthei
rlanguagebel
ongstot
heTibeto-
Burmanfamily.

Thetr
ibeasawhol eisfondofhunti
ng
andfi
shinginwhichtheyperhapsexcel
anyothernei
ghbori
ngtribes
Kampt
i Ar
unachalPr
adesh Theyar
easub-gr
oupoft
heShanpeopl
e
Lohi
tdi
str
ict
.

TheypossesEastAsi
anf
eat
ures.

Theyar
efol
lower
sofTher
avada
Buddhi
sm

Theyhaveadopt
edascri
ptofShan
ori
gin,
knownasLik-
Taif
ort
heir
l
anguage.

Theyar
erenownedf
ort
hei
r
cr
aft
smanshi
p.
Tagi
n Ar
unachalPr
adesh Theyaremaininhabi
tantofUpper
Sunansi
ridi
str
ict.

Thei
rmai
noccupat
ioni
sagr
icul
tur
e.

Pol
ygamyi
scust
omar
yamongt
hem.

Theirdr
essisver
ysimpleconsi
sti
ngof
onl
yonepieceofclot
h.
Angami Nagal
and Tenyidi
eist
hemostcommonl
anguage
spoken

Popul
ati
oni
sar
ound12mi
ll
ion.

Agr
icul
tur
eist
hemai
noccupat
ion.

Chr
ist
iani
tyi
sthemaj
orr
eli
gionf
oll
owed

Theyarequitepopularfort
hei
rwoodcraft
andartwork(producerofbamboowork,
canefurni
ture,
beds, shawl
sandpowerful
machetes)

Sekrenyii
sthemainf
est
ivalcelebr
ated
whichmar kst
hebegi
nni
ngoft helunar
year
Rengmas Nagal
and Theyar
eoneoft
hesevent
eenmaj
or
NagaTri
bes.

Theyf
oll
owpat
ri
archalsyst
em.

Originall
ytheywereani
mist.They
believedinvari
ousgodsandgoddess.
TheChr i
sti
ani
tyisal
sopresentamong
thet r
ibe.

Agri
cul
tur
eisthemainoccupat
ion.They
pr
acti
cesJhumming.Womenar eexpert
weaver
s.

Nyadaisthemainf
esti
valcel
ebr
ated.
Thisistomar
ktheendoftheagr
icult
ural
years.

Not
e:Asecti
onofthem havemi
grat
edt
o
Kar
biAngl
ongdist
ri
ctsofAssam
Sema/
SumiNagas Nagal
andand Theyareoneofthemajortr
ibesof
Assam Nagalandr
ecognizedf
ortheirmar
ti
alar
t
ski
ll
s.

Theymai
nlyi
nhi
bitZunhebot
odi
str
ict
.

Theyare
mostuni
tedandaggr
essi
ve
tr
ibe.

Tul
unii
sthemaj
orf
est
ivalcel
ebr
ated.

Theyf
oll
owChr
ist
iani
ty.
Zel
iang Nagal
and TheZeliangi
stheof
fi
cialnameof
the
ZemiandLiangmeipeoplei
n
Nagaland

Theyli
vepr
imar
il
yinthesout
h-west
ern
par
tofKohi
madist
ri
ct

TheHegafest
ivali
soneofthemost
i
mport
antandt hebi
ggestf
esti
val
.

TheyinhabitBarrai
lrangeofhi
ll
sin
Manipur,NagalandandAssam.

Theyarever
yfamousf
ort
hei
rsani
tat
ion
andhygi
ene.
Konyak Nagal
and Theyarethelar
gestoutof17offi
cial
ly
recogni
zedtr
ibesi
nNagal and,
(meansbl
ackheador
human) Theyareknownas't
hosevi
olent
headhunt
erswi
thtat
tooedf
aces.
'

Oneofthel
astheadhunt
ers,
theynow
pr
act
iceagr
icul
tur
eandhuntseasonal
ly

Themostimport
antfest
ivali
s
Aol
ingMonyuwhichiscelebr
atedi
n
spr
ingseasonandtheoccasioni
srel
ated
tot
hesowingofseeds.

Morethan95%oft
hem f
oll
ow
Chr
ist
iani
ty.

Themen wearear
ri
ngsmadeoutofdeer
hor
n,
necklacemadeoutofboart
usks
 andbr
assheads.
Gar
os Meghal
aya Theyar ethesecond- lar gesttr
ibei n
Meghal ayaandcompr iseaboutat hi
rdof
thelocalpopul at
ion.
Theyar emai nlyChr i
stians.
Theyoungestdaught erinherit
st he
propertyfrom hermot her.Sonsl eavethe
parents'houseatpuber t
y,andar etrai
ned
i
nt hevill
agebachel ordor mit
ory.Af t
er
getti
ngmar r
ied,themanl ivesinhi swif
e's
house.
Theyar eamat ri
li
nealnotmat riarchal
societ
y.
Jai
nti
as Meghal
aya Theyar etracedint heJai nti
ahi l
ls.

Theybel
ongtothePr
otoAut
rol
oid
Monkhmerrace

Basi
call
yiti
sasubtri
beofKhasi
sand
si
ncetheyhavebeenr
esi
dingi
nJaint
ia
hi
ll
s,t
heyhavebeennamedso.

Mostoft
hem f
oll
owChr
ist
iani
ty

ThemenwearJymphonganddhot iwhil
e
thewomenwrapsever
alpiecesofcl
othes
soastogi
veacyli
ndri
calshape.
Reang Tr
ipur
a Theyar
ethesecondlar
gestt
ri
bal
communit
yofTri
pura.

Theyar
esaidtohavecamefir
stf
rom
ShanSt
ateofupperBurma.

Theybel
ongt
oIndo-
Mongol
oidr
aci
al
st
ock.

Theirl
anguagei
sknownas" Kaubru"
whichhaveatonaleff
ectofKuki
l
anguagethoughbroadlyi
tisKok-
Borok
(l
anguageofmen).

Theyar
est
il
lanomadict
ri
beandalarge
number
samongthem mai
ntai
nthei
r
 l
ivel
ihoodinvol
vingTopHil
lJhum
Cult
ivat
ion,f
oodgather
ing,
fishi
ng&
hunti
ng.

Theyf
oll
owHi
ndur
eli
gion.
Lushai
s Tr
ipur
a Theybel
ongt
oKuki
-Chi
ngr
oupoft
ri
bes.

Theyar
ecommonl
yknownasMi
zos.

TheyliveonJhum Cul
ti
vat
ionandhunt
ing
ofwildanimal
.Theyar
ealsofamousas
orangeproduci
ngcommuni t
y.

Theyf
oll
owChr
ist
iani
tyast
hei
rrel
igi
on.

TheirBambooDance(Cher
aw-dance)i
s
verymuchpopul
arinandoutsi
dethe
country.
Kuki Mani
pur Anethnictr
ibespr eadacrossvastar
eas
ofNorth-
easter
nr egionofIndi
aexcept
ArunachalPradesh, Bur
maandf oothil
ls
ofChit
tagonghill
s

Theyf
orm apar
toft
hegr
eatMongol
ian
race

Theypr efert
oliveonthehil
ltopsand
thei
rvil
lagesareclust
erofhousesclosel
y
constr
uctedtopr ot
ectfr
om al
ienrai
ders.

Mainl
yfol
lower
sofChr
ist
iani
tyand
Judai
sm
Bodos Assam TheybelongtoI
ndo-Mongol
oidf
amily.I
t
i
sbel i
evedt
hatt
heiror
igi
nwasTibetand
China.

ThespeakBodol
anguagethati
sderi
ved
Ti
betoBurmesef
amil
yoflanguage

Mostoft hem ar
eengagedi
nri
ce
cul
tivati
on,t
eaplant
ati
onandpoul
tr
y
far
mi ng.Womenengagethemsel
vesin
weaving

Theyar
eexper
tinbambooandcane
 craft
;henceonewouldusual
lycome
acrosshousesfashi
onedoutofbamboo
andwoodi nplaceswher
etheyli
vein
majorit
y

Someofthem areChr
ist
ians,whi
lea
l
argechunkf
oll
owsthepreceptsof
Hindui
sm
Mi
shi
ng/
Mir
is Assam Theyarethesecondl
argestschedul
e
tr
ibeofAssam.

Aspert
radit
iontheypr
act
icegroup
fi
shi
ngi
nwi nterandgr
ouphuntingi
n
summer.Thewomenar eexper
tweaver
s.

The
Ali-
Ai-
Ligang'i
sthemostwell-known
andwidel
yobservedfest
ival(
fest
ivalof
sowi
ngseeds)

Theyhavet hei
rownlanguage,butno
scri
pt:hencetheyusetheAssamese
l
anguagewhent hewri
ttenf
ormi s
requi
red
Kar
bi/Mi
kir
s Assam Theybel
ongtotheMongol
oidgroupand
l
ingui
sti
cal
lyt
otheTi
beto-
Burmangroup

Theyr esi
deinhillyareasofAssam and
formt hemajorpor t
ionofpopul at
ionof
KarbiAnglongdi str
ict.Theyalsoinhabi
t
placesinNor t
hCacharHi l
ls,
Nagaonand
Sonitpurdist
ri
ctsofAssam

Thei
rmai
noccupat
ioni
sagr
icul
tur
e.

Theplaceofwomenissameasthemen,
andwomenhel pt
hei
rmenineveryst
ep
ofl
if
e

DanceandMusi
cpl
ayani
mpor
tantr
ole
i
ntheirl
if
e

Theyarement
ionedasMi
kiri
nthe
const
it
uti
onofIndi
a.
Rahabas Assam Theyar
ewi
del
yscat
ter
edbutmost
ly
 concent
rat
edonGoal
par
a,Kamr
up,
and
Darr
ang.

Agr
icul
tur
eist
hemai
noccupat
ion

Tr
adi
ti
onal
lytheywerever
yreli
gious.
Nowmostofthem haveembraced
Hi
ndui
sm orChri
sti
anit
y.

They
li
ketol
ivei
ncompactbl
ockshavi
ng
50-
100f ami
li
es.
Bi
ate Mi
zoram,Assam and Theyar
ealsooneoft
heol
destl
ivi
ng
Meghal
aya tr
ibesi
ntheNE.
(
meanswor
shi
pper
)
Thought heyarelessinterm of
populat
ion,theyhavetheirowni dent
it
y
wit
har ichanddi st
inct
ivehistory,
cul
ture,
di
alectandr el
igi
ousher i
tages..

Cent
ralI
ndi
a

Name St
ate Descr
ipt
ion
Khonds/Dongar
iaKhonds Or
issa Theyar
eindi
genoust
ri
balgr
oupsi
n
Ori
ssa.

Thei
rnati
velanguagei
sKui
, aDr
avidi
an
l
anguagewri
ttenwit
htheOr
iyascr
ipt.

Theyarenat
urewor
shi
ppi
ngf
orest
dwel
ler
s.

VedantaResour ces,mi
ningcompany,
wassett odest r
oyt hef
orests,wi ldl
ife
andwayofl ifeoft heDongriaKondh
people.Theirfouryearlongprot ests
fi
nall
ypai doffast hegovernmenthas
nowbannedVedant afr
om mi ningi n
NiyamgiriMount ainandintheirf orests.
Bonda Odi
sha Theyar
eal
soknownasBondoorRemo
 Theyliveinthei solatedhi
llr
egi
onsof
the
Mal kangir
idistri
ctof
southwesternOdi sha.

Theyareoneamongt hePri
mit
iveTr
ibal
Groupsident
if
iedbyGOI.

Theyar
egenerall
ysemi-cl
othed,
the
womenwearthicksi
lverneckbands.

TheGovofOr i
ssahadsetupBonda
Devel
opmentAgency(BDA)in1977wi
th
theai
m ofbri
ngingBonda
sint
othe
mainst
ream
Oar
ons/
Kur
ukh Odisha,Bi
har, Theymai
nlydependonagr
icul
tur
ef
or
Jharkhand,
WB ear
ningt
hei
rli
ving.

Mostofthem areengagedinthe
occupat
ionofteacult
ivat
ion.

Theyareconsi
deredt
ohavethesecond
l
argestpopul
ati
onoft
ribesi
nBiharand
Jharkhand

TheyspeakKur
ukhl
anguage
rel
atedt
o
Dravi
dianf
amil
y.

Maj ori
tyofthem ar
eHindusandare
rel
igiousmi ndedpeopl
e.Theyworship
GodsandGoddessesbutagr eatnumber
ofthesetribeshaveadoptedChr
isti
anit
y.
Khai
rwar MadhyaPr
adesh I
tisonthebr
inkofext
inct
ionbecauseof
t
hetri
bemembers'i
nabil
it
ytoconceive

Theyresi
dei
nar
emot
evi
ll
agecal
led
Harr
ai.

Thereareonl
yabout30famil
ieslef
t--al
l
chi
ldl
esscoupleswhoareei
theroldor
middle-
agedandpastt
heirr
eproducti
ve
age.
Kol MadhyaPr
adesh I
tisoneoft
hemostanci
entt
ribesof
I
ndia,
whosement
ionisf
oundintheRig
(
meanshuman)
Vedaandmanyot
hermythol
ogical
 Otherstat
es scr
ipt
ures.
i
ncludeBihar,UP,
Mostoft
hem ar
elandl
essandworkon
Chhatt
isgarh,
f
arm asl
abor
ersandsharecr
opper
s
Assam, Tr
ipura
Theypref
ertol
ivei
ngroupsneart
he
vi
ll
agescall
edasKolhan
Mur
ias
Chhat
ti
sgar
h Theyareasub-groupoftheGondsand
i
nhabitthef
orest
sandpl ai
nsofcentral
I
ndia.Theyl
ivealongtheIndr
awatiRiver
,
whichfl
owsthroughtheBastardi
stri
ct.

Theysurvi
vemainl
ybyf
arming,hunt
ing,
andeati
ngthef
ruit
soft
heforest
.

The
ghotul
,ort
emporar
ydormit
oryfor
unmarr
iedyout
h,i
sasigni
fi
cantbui
ldi
ng
wit
hint
heMur i
avi
ll
ages
Pahar
iKor
wa/Kor
ba Chhat
ti
sgar
h,Bi
har Theybel
ongt
oAust
ro-
Asi
ati
cfami
ly

TheKor
wasaredi
videdi
ntoPahar
iKor
wa
andDi
hariKor
wa.

Themai
nconcentr
ati
oni
sinJashpur
,
Sar
guj
a&Raigarh.

Theyaremedi
um toshorthei
ghthavea
darkbr
ownorblackski
n.

Fishi
ngandhunt
ingar
epr
act
icedas
occupat
ion.

Karmadanceisver
ypopulardanceand
al
lthevi
l
lager
spart
ici
pat
ei ni
t.
Mar
ia Chhat
ti
sgar
h Twot
ypes:AbhujMar
iaandBi
sonHor
nMar
ia

Bot
har
esubcast
esoft
heGondt
ri
bal
s.

AbhujMar
ia:

Theyli
veinisol
ati
onandinhabi
tthe
secl
udedenclavesofNar
ayanpurtehsi
l
ofBastarDi
stri
ct
Theyf
earmanki
nd
 Theyareoneofthefewt r
ibest
hathave
manytokeeptheirqui
ntessent
ialcul
tur
e
al
iveandunaf
fectedbythevestigesof
ti
me

Bi
sonHor
nMar
ia:

Theyar
efoundi
nMPandMahar
asht
ra
al
so
Theiri
ntr
overtnat
uremakesthem l
ivei
n
i
solati
onintheint
eri
orsofdensef
orest
areas
Theyderivedthei
rnamef rom t
heir
uniquecustom ofwearingadist
inct
ive
headdress,whichresemblest
hehor nsof
awi l
dbison

West
ernI
ndi
a
Name St
ate Descr
ipt
ion
Sahar
iya Raj
ast
han Onl
ypri
mi t
ivetr
ibeofRaj
ast
hanr
esi
ding
i
ntheBarandistri
ct
(meani
ngr
esi
dent
sof
Jungl
e) Theyfol
lowHindurel
igi
onandspeaka
di
alecti
nfl
uencedbyHadoti
.

Facedwi t
hsocialignor
ance,anger
,
depri
vati
onandi nhumant r
eatment
i
nherentinthesystem,thepeopleofthi
s
tr
ibeareonceagaini nt
hemi ser
able
condi
tion.

I
ntheabsenceofsour
cesofl
ivel
ihood,
 t
hist
ri
balgr
oupi
sagai
nfor
cedt
oresor
t
t
omigrat
ion
Mi
na/Meena Raj
ast
han
Theyarefoundi
nthenor
ther
npar
t
of
Raj
asthan.
(
meani
ngf
ish)
Originallyanomadic,warl
ikepeople
practicingani
malbr eedi
ngandknownfor
l
awl essness,todaymostoft hem ar
e
farmer s.

Atthet
imeofBrit
ishr
ule,
thi
scommuni
ty
hadbeenaccl
aimedascrimi
nalt
ri
be

Maj
ori
tyoft
hem f
oll
owHi
ndui
sm

Sout
hIndi
a
Name St
ate Descr
ipt
ion
I
rul
as Tami
lNadu Theyareinhabit
antsofthescr
ubjungl
es
ofSouthernIndi
abelongingt
othe
(
meani
ngdar
kness)
Negri
to(orNegroid)r
ace

Hunter-
gather
ersbyt
radi
ti
on,
thei
r
exper
ti
seincatchi
ngsnakesi
s
l
egendary

Mostoft
hem arewagel
abor
erswor
king
i
nteaest
atesnow.

Theyar
epar
tl
yHi
ndui
zed,
buthavet
hei
r
own
i
ndi
genousr
eli
gioussyst
em
Badagas Tami
lNadu I
t
isoneoftheol
destt
ri
balcommuni
ti
es
i
ntheNil
gir
is.

Themai noccupati
onoft hepeopl ei
n
thiscommunityisagri
culture.Tea
plantat
ioni
sthemaj oragricult
urehere.

Theyaresoci
all
y,educat
ional
lyand
eveneconomi
call
yadvancednow.

TheBadagalanguageisamixt
ureof
KannadaandTami landt
her
eisnoscri
pt
fort
hisl
anguage.

Theyar
eHi
ndusofShi
vasect
.
Kot
a Tami
lNadu Theyhavebeenli
vingi
ntheNi
lgi
ri
mountai
nsforages
(
Komeani
ngmount
ain)
Theyaref
oundli
vingonl
yinseven
set
tl
ements,
ref
err
edtobythem as
Kokkal
s

Theyaretheonl
yarti
sancommuni
tyon
t
hehil
lsoftheNi
lgi
ri
s

Mostoft
hecraf
tspr
act
icedbyt
hem ar
e
ont
hedecli
ne.

Themajorf
est
ivali
stheannualKamat
ra
-
yafest
ival

Kani
s Ker
ala Theybelongt oatradit
ional
lynomadi
c
communi ty,whonowl eadapr i
mari
ly
set
tl
edlifeintheforestsoftheAgast
-
Hymalaihi l
lsoft
heWest er
nGhats

Theyhaveanext r
emelyrichandunique
Tradit
ionalKnowledgeabouttheuseof
theresources,par
ticul
arl
ythebiol
ogical
resourcesaroundthem

Theyintr
oducedTr opicalBotanical
GardenandResear chI nsti
tute(TBGRI)
toamedi cinalpl
anti
nt heirforestf
rom
whichadr ugnamed' jeevani'was
i
solatedandcommer cial
ized
Ur
ali
s Ker
alaandTami
l Theyar
emost l
yfoundont
heI
dukki
Nadu hi
ll
sofKer
ala
(
meansr
ulerofal
ocal
it
y)
Agr
icul
tur
eist
hemai
noccupat
ion.

Theywor
shi
pnat
ureasGodsand
 i
nvent
oroft
hewor
ld.

Theyhavet
heirownnat i
vel
anguage
cal
ledasUr
alilanguage

Lambada/Banj
aras/ Andhr
aPr
adesh Theyar
ethel
argestt
ri
beofAP.
Sugal
isa
Theyliveinexcl
usi
vesettl
ementsof
thei
rowncal l
edTandas,usuall
yaway
from t
hemai nvi
ll
age,t
enaciously
maintaini
ngthei
rcul
turalandethnic
i
dentit
y.

Theyareexpertcat
tl
ebreeder
sand
l
argelysubsi
stbysaleofmil
kandmil
k
product
s.

I
slandRegi
on
Name St
ate Descr
ipt
ion
Jar
awas Andaman Theyar eoneoftheindigenouspeoples
oftheAndamanI slands.Theyhave
i
nhabitedtheisl
andsf orthousandsof
years

Thei
rpr
esentnumbersareest
imat
edat
bet
ween250400indivi
dual
s.

Sincetheyhavel argel
yshunned
i
nteractionswithoutsi
ders,many
part
icularsofthei
rsociet
y, cul
tur
eand
tr
aditi
onsar epoorl
yunder stood.

Formor edetail
sonJar awasr eadt his:
http:
//mrunal.
org/2013/03/ri
ght s-
issue-
j
arawa- t
ri
bes-human-safari-
buffer-ar
ea-
tr
ibal-
commi ssion-
13th-schedule.html
Sent
inel
ese Andaman TheyareoneoftheAndamanese
i
ndigenouspeopl
esandoneofthemost
remotetr
ibesoft
heAndamanIslands.

Theyi
nhabi
tNor
thSent
inelI
sland.

Theyar
enot
edforvi
gorousl
yresi
sti
ng
at
tempt
satcont
actbyoutsi
ders.

TheSent i
nelesemai nt
ainanessentiall
y
hunt er
-gatherersocietysubsist
ing
throughhunt ing,f
ishing,andcollect
ing
wildplants;thereisnoevi denceofeither
agricult
uralpracti
cesormet hodsof
producingf i
re.

Thei
rlanguager
emai
nsuncl
assi
fi
ed.
Shompens GreatNi
cobar Theyareoneoft
hel
astsur
vivi
ngst
one-
I
sland agetr
ibesi
nthewor
ld.

Theywanderi
nthei
rfor
estandcoast
al
habi
tati
nsear
chof
food.

Theyarealsoont hebri
nkofexti
nct
ion
asthefourotherhunter
-gat
her
ertri
bes
(t
heJarawa,theAndamanese, t
heOnge
andtheSentinel
ese).

Theyareofmongoloidstockunl
iket
he
otherpr
imi
tivet
ri
besoftheAndaman
Isl
andswhicharenegri
to
Onges Li
tt
leAndaman
Anegrit
otri
bewithjust96i
nnumber
now.Theyaredi
videdint
o5famil
ies
(
means
wepeopl
e
)
compri
singof15member si
nalll
ivi
ngi
n
Sout
hBay

Theyarepurehunter
-gat
her
ersandar
e
notawareofagri
cult
ure

Theyhavenocl
earconceptofr
eli
gion
butt
heyareani
mist
ic.
 *
***
***
***
***
***
**END*
***
***
***
***
***
*

Quest
ions:
1.Consi
dert
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rs: (
UPSC2013quest
ion)
Tri
be








St
ate
1.Li
mboo( Limbu):Si
kkim
2.Karbi
:HimachalPradesh
3.Dongari
a:Odisha
4.Bonda:TamilNadu

Whi
choftheabovepai
rsar
ecor
rect
lymat
ched?
(
a)1and3only
(
b)2and4only
(
c)1,3and4only
(
d)1,2,
3and4

2.Mat
cht
hef
oll
owi
ng
Tr
ibe St
ate
1.Aka a.Ar
unachalPr
adesh
2.BondoPor
aja b.Tr
ipur
a
3.Ri
ang c.Hi
machal
Pradesh
4.Gaddi d.Odi
sha

3.Wher
edoSahar
iyat
ri
bal
s,l
ive?
a.Andhr
aPr
adesh
b.Odi
sha
c.Assam
d.Raj
ast
han

4.Mat
chLi
stIandI
Iandsel
ectt
hecor
rectanswerf
rom t
hecodesgi
venbel
ow:
 Li
stI Li
stI
I
a.Lepcha 1.Ut
tar
anchal
b.Mar
ia 2.Si
kki
m
c.Ur
ali 3.Chat
ti
sgar
h
d.Khasa 4.Ker
ala
Codes
A BC D
a.2 31 4
b.3 42 1
c.2 34 1
d.3 24 1

5.Towhi
chgr
oupdot
het
ri
bal
sofcent
ralandsout
her
nIndi
abel
ong?
a.Negr
it
oes
b.Pr
oto-
Aust
ral
oids
c.Mongol
oids
d.West
ernBr
achycephal
s

6.Wher
ear
eAngami
sfound?
a.MP
b.AP
c.TN
d.Nagal
and

7.Whi
chamongt
hef
oll
owi
ngt
ri
besdonotl
i
vei
ntheUni
onTer
ri
tor
yofAndaman
andNi
cobarI
slands?
a.Sent
inel
ese
b.Shompens
 c.Zel
iang
d.Onges

8.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofpr
imi
ti
vet
ri
besandpl
acesoft
hei
rinhabi
tat
ioni
s
notcor
rect
lymat
ched?
a.Buksa:Paur
iGar
hwal
b.Kol
:Jabal
pur
c.Munda:Chhot
anagpur
d.Kor
ba:Kodagu

9.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngpai
rsofst
atesandt
ri
besi
snotcor
rect
lymat
ched
a.Assam:Mi
ri
b.Nagal
and:Konyak
c.Ar
unachalPr
adesh:Apat
ani
d.MadhyaPr
adesh:Lambada

10.Wher
ear
eTodasandMopl
ahsf
ound?
a.MPandAssam
b.Tami
lNaduandKer
ala
c.Ker
alaandWestBengal
d.Raj
ast
hanandTami
lNadu

Ref
erence:

ht
tp:
//www.
ecoi
ndi
a.com/
tri
bes/
ht
tp:
//t
ri
bes-
of-
indi
a.bl
ogspot
.i
n/
ht
tp:
//www.
pint
erest
.com/
sat
ishnai
r/t
ri
bes-
of-
indi
a/
ht
tp:
//www.
famous-
indi
a.com/
tri
bes/
htt
p:/
/art
icles.
ti
mesof
indi
a.i
ndi
ati
mes.
com/
2013-
02-
21/
indi
a/37220989_
1_t
ri
be-
vil
lage-
head-
chi
ldl
ess-couples
ht
tp:
//cj
tdp.
cg.
gov.
in/
tri
bes.
htm
ht
tp:
//onl
ine.
assam.
gov.
in/
tri
bes_
of_
assam
ht
tp:
//www.
tr
it
ri
pur
a.i
n/t
ri
/Tr
ibes/
Tri
bes2.
aspx
ht
tp:
//bar
an.
nic.
in/
sahar
iya.
htm

Wi
kipedi
a
GSManualandAr
ihantPubl
icat
ionsf
orquest
ions

Name:Di
vyaVPr
abhu