Lp trnh CNC phay Fanuc O-M

I./ Cu trc mt chng trnh NC

1. Cu trc chng trnh NC
Mt chng tnh NC hon chnh c cu trc nh di y
% TP0147 Chng trnh NC bt u (tiu )
N10 G54 X80 Y100...
... Vng thn chng trnh
N75 G01 Z-10 F0.3 S1800 T03 M08

N435 M30 Hm kt thc mt chng trnh

% Cui chng trnh

- cu trc ca mt cu chng trnh

N75 G01 XYZ F0.6 S300 T05 M08

a ch Hm ni Gi tr to tc tin tc trc dng c Lnh ph
th t suy dao chnh ct tr
khi G code
lnh NC
- Cu trc mt chng trnh:
Mi cu chng trnh bao gm cc t c cha ng cc thng tin hnh hc v cng ngh
hoc thng tin k thut ca chng trnh. C th vit cc t chng trnh nh th no v
vit bao nhiu t chng trnh trong mt cu chng trnh ph thuc vo ni sn sut h
iu khin.
2. H thng to
1/ Quy nh cc to trn my phay:
- Trn my phay, trc chnh mang dao ct quay trn. Dng c ct thc hin chuyn ng
tnh tin theo 3 hng hng X Y v hng Z
- C ba kiu ta trn my phay :
+ Ta my : Machine coordinate system: Gc ta my c thit lp khi
thc hin thao tc v 0 ca tt c cc trc ca my
+ Ta phi : Workpiece coordinate system: Ta thit lp bi ngi lp trnh
v c gn lin vi ta gc trn bn v kch thc ca chi tit. C th thit
lp ta gc bng lnh G92, hoc la chn G54 G59

+ Ta cc b : Local coordinate system

2/ im khng v cc im chun:
2.1/ im khng 0:
- Cc im 0 ca my M
Cc im 0 ca my M l im gc ca cc h thng to my v do ni ch to ra cc
my xc nh theo kt cu ng ca my
- im 0 ca chi tit :
im 0 ca chi tit l gc ca h thng to gn ln chi tit. V tr W do ngi lp trnh
t la chn v xc nh. Song ngi lp trnh t cn phi xc nh sao cho cc kch thc
trn bn v gia cng trc tip l cc gi tr to ca h thng to .
- im 0 ca chng trnh:
L im m m dng c s trc khi gia cng. hp l im 0 ca chng trnh
c chn sao cho chi tit gia cng hoc dng c c th c thay i mt cch d dng
2.2/ Cc im chun:
- Cc im chun ca my R:
- im thay dao Ww:
- im iu chnh dao E
- im g dao N
- im chun ca g dao T
3/ Cc m lnh gia cng G code:
Cc chc nng chun b c lp trnh vi m G theo sau l 2 k t, lun lun khi u
cho phn thn ca cc dng lnh v rt hu dng nh ngha hnh dng hnh hc v
iu kin lm vic ca my.
Bng G Code s dng cho my TNC Fagor8055i

Chc nng Nhm ngha

G00 Chy dao nhanh n ta lp trnh
G01 Ni suy ng thng chm vi lng chy dao F
01
G02 Ni suy cung trn theo chiu kim ng h
G03 Ni suy cung trn ngc kim ng h
G04 Thi gian dng cui hnh trnh
G09 Dng chnh xc ti
00
G10 Thit lp d liu
G11 B qua Thit lp d liu
G17 Chn mt phng gia cng X-Y
G18 02 Chn mt phng gia cng Z-X
G19 Chn mt phng gia cng Y-Z
G20 n v l inch
06
G21 n v l mm
G27 Kim tra : tr v im chun
G28 Tr li v tr im chun
00
G29 Tr li t v tr im chun
G31 Ghi nh im chun ca chng trnh hin ti
G40 Hy b hiu chnh kch thc dng c ct
G41 07 Hiu chnh bn knh dng c ct, dao bn tri ng gia cng
G42 Hiu chnh bn knh dng c ct, dao bn phi ng gia cng
G43 B chiu di dao + hng
G44 08 B chiu di dao - hng
G49 Hy b b chiu di dao
G52 Thit lp h ta khu vc
00
G53 La chn h ta my
G54 La chn h ta phi 1
G55 La chn h ta phi 2
G56 La chn h ta phi 3
14
G57 La chn h ta phi 4
G58 La chn h ta phi 5
G59 La chn h ta phi 6
G60 00 Hng v tr n
G61 Ch dng chnh xc
G62 T ng bo trn gc
15
G63 Ch Tar
G64 Ch ct
G65 00 Gi Macro
G66 Gi chng trnh Macro chun
12
G67 B qua : Gi chng trnh Macro
G73 Gi chu trnh khoan
09
G74 Gi chu trnh tar ngc
G75 01 Chu trnh khoan su dng li
G76 09 Chu trnh doa tinh
G77 Chu trnh khoan su dng li vi cc khong cch khng i
G78 01 Chu trnh khoan theo tc ct b mt lin tc
G79 Chu trnh khoan theo tc ct b mt gin on
G80 B qua cc chu trnh hoc cc hm chc nng m rng
G81 Chu trnh khoan khng rt dao
G82 Chu trnh khoan hoc doa ngc
G83 Chu trnh khoan rt dao
G84 Chu trnh Tar
09
G85 Chu trnh Doa
G86 Chu trnh Doa
G87 Chu trnh Doa mt sau
G88 Chu trnh Doa
G89 Chu trnh Doa
G90 Lp trnh tuyt i
03
G91 Lp trnh tng i
Khai bo v tr hin ti ca dng c so vi gc ta mi v
G92 00
gii hn tc ct ln nht
G94 Tc n dao mm (inch)/pht
G95 Tc n dao mm (inch)/vng
05
G96 Tin vi tc ct khng i
G97 Tin vi tc ct tnh bng vng/pht
G98 Cho dao tr li im bt u trong chu trnh gia cng
10
G99 Cho dao tr li im rt dao (Retract) trong chu trnh gia cng
G150 B qua ch iu khin hng dao php tuyn
G151 19 iu khin hng dao php tuyn pha tri
G152 iu khin hng dao php tuyn pha phi

4/ Cc chc nng ph M :
Cc chc nng ny c lp trnh theo m M4, cho php c th c n 7 chc nng trong
cng mt khi lnh.
Khi cc chc nng ny c lp trnh trong cng mt khi lnh, my CNC hot ng
theo trnh t cc khi lnh c lp trnh.
My CNC c mt bng chc nng M NMISCFUN c cc mc thng s, nh ngha
cc yu t sau.
Con s (0-9999) ca cc chc nng M,
Con s ca th tc con cn kt hp vi cc chc nng khc.
Mt ch s xc nh liu chc nng M c thc hin trc hay sau cc hot ng
c lp trnh. Mt ch s xc nh liu chc nng M c thc hin sau khi thc hin
cc th tc con hay cha. Mt ch s xc nh liu my CNC c phi i tn hiu AXU
END hay khng tip tc chng trnh.
Khi thc hin chc nng M, nhng iu trn khng c th hin trn bng chc nng
M. Cc chc nng c lp trnh s c thc hin ngay t u khi lnh v my
CNC s i tn hiu AUX END tip tc chng trnh.
Mt s chc nng ph c thit lp ngay trong chng trnh ca my CNC.
Trong mt cu lnh n c th c nhiu m lnh M i cng c vi nhau, nh M03
M08,
Trong trng hp ang thc hin mt chng trnh con c lin quan vi chc nng M,
m li c mt dng lnh c tr s M y ht, chc nng M ny s c thc thi thay v ni
dung ca chng trnh con tng ng.

M00. Dng chng trnh

Khi my CNC c c m lnh M00 trong cu lnh n s dng chng trnh li.
khi ng li chng trnh n CYCLE START
Khuyn co rng nn thit lp chc nng ny trong bng chc nng M, theo cch ny n
s c thc thi ti cui ca khi lnh c lp trnh.

M01 Dng chng trnh c iu kin

Tng t M00, ngoi tr vic my CNC ch thc hin lnh ny khi tn hiu M01 STOP t
PLC c kch hot.

M02 Kt thc chng trnh

M lnh ny ch im kt thc chng trnh v tin hnh chc nng General Reset
(khi ng li ton b) vi my. N cng thc hin lun c lnh M05.
Khuyn co rng nn thit lp chc nng ny trong bng chc nng M, theo cch ny n
s c thc thi ti cui ca khi lnh c lp trnh.

M30 Kt thc chng trnh v tr v cu lnh u tin.

Ging nh M02 nhng khc l chng trnh tr v cu lnh u tin ca chng trnh
ang chy.

M03 Quay trc chnh theo chiu kim ng h.

M lnh ny yu cu trc chnh khi ng v quay theo chiu kim ng h.
Khuyn co rng nn thit lp chc nng ny trong bng chc nng M, theo cch ny n
s c thc thi ngay khi bt u ca khi lnh c lp trnh.

M04 Quay trc chnh theo chiu ngc chiu kim ng h.

Tng t nh M03, nhng trc chnh c yu cu quay theo ngc chiu kim ng h.

M05. Dng trc chnh.

Khuyn co rng nn thit lp chc nng ny trong bng chc nng M, theo cch ny n
s c thc thi ti cui ca khi lnh c lp trnh.

M06. Thay i dng c

Nu thng s chung TOFFM06 ca my (ch rng l l trung tm gia cng) c
kch hot, my CNC gi li ch dn n b phn thay i dng c v cp nht theo bng
ph hp vi cha dng c.
Khuyn co rng nn thit lp chc nng ny trong bng chc nng M, theo cch ny
chng trnh con tng ng vi b phn thay i dng c c lp t vi my s
c thc thi.
M19. nh hng trc chnh
Trong my CNC th trc chnh c th lm vic vi ch vng h (M3, M4) v c vi
ch vng kn (M19).
Nu yu cu lm vic vi ch vng kn th phi lp mt cm bin vng quay trn trc
chnh ca my
Mun chuyn t ch iu khin h sang ch iu khin kn, s dng chc nng
M19 hoc M19 S5.5. My CNC s hot ng nh sau:
Nu my CNC khng c im chun ca trc, my s thay i tc trc chnh cho ti
khi n tm c mt tc trc chnh c nh ngha bi tham s REFEED2, tm du
im khng ca n v sau nh hng trc v v tr c nh ngha bng S5.5
Nu ch ring chc nng M19 thc thi th trc chnh xc nh S0 sau khi tm thy im
chun ca trc chnh.
nh hng trc chnh v mt v tr khc, chng trnh M19 S5.5, my s khng tin
hnh vic tm kim im khng v n trong ch vng kn, do n s nh hng
trc chnh v v tri c yu cu (S5.5)
M S5.5 biu th v tr nh hng ca trc, bng , t v tr im 0 ca encorder.
Du trong m ny cho thy chiu m v gi tr 5.5 lun lun c s dng trong h ta
tuyt i, d cho h thng n v no ang c s dng i na.
V d:
S1000M3 Trc chnh hot ng theo tn hiu iu khin h.
M19S100 Trc chnh chuyn sang ch iu khin kn. Tm kim im gc v v
tr (nh hng) ti 100.
M19S-30 Trc chnh nh hng -30o tnh t im 0
M19S400 Trc chnh quay mt vng v dng li v tr l 40o so vi im gc.

M98 Gi chu trnh con

c s dng gi mt chng trnh con, khi cn gia cng lp li nhiu ln mt mu,
n gin ha vic lp trnh. Mt chng trnh chnh c th gi mt chng trnh con
nhiu ln, v mt chng trnh con c th gi mt chng trnh chu nhiu ln
Cu trc chng trnh con nh sau :

VD : M98 P52100 ngha l gi chng trnh con 2100 nm ln

Lnh M98 c th ng chung vi lnh chuyn ng. Khi lnh chuyn ng s thc
hin trc ri mi gi chng trnh con.
V d : G01 X10. M98 P2100;
Th t thc hin chng trnh con c th thc hin nh sau

Khi thc hin chng trnh con, mun chy n v tr dng lnh khc trong chng trnh,
th ch cn ch ra dng chng trnh cn n, t pha sau lnh M99 kt thc chng
trnh con.
V d

M99 Kt thc chng trnh con

Lnh kt thc chng trnh con,v tip tc thc hin lnh gia cng ti dng lnh tip
theo ca chng trnh gia cng

5/ Nhng khai bo tng qut u chng trnh NC

5.1 Khai bo lng chy dao F v tc ct S
G94 Khai bo lng chy dao l mm/pht hoc inch/pht
G95 Khai bo lng chy dao F l mm/vg hoc inch/vng
G96 Khai bo tc ct S l m/pht
G97 Khai bo tc ct S l m/pht hay inch/pht vi tc ct khng i trn ton
mt gia cng.
V d : G94 G97 F20. S500 M03 : Khai bo lng chy dao F l 20mm/pht vi
tc trc chnh khng i 500vg/pht, quay thun chiu kim ng h
5.2 Khai bo mt phng lp trnh v n v o kch thc
Chn mt phng lp trnh thng qua cc m lnh G code: G17, G18, G19
G17 Mt phng lp trnh l XY
G18 Mt phng lp trnh l ZX
G19 Mt phng lp trnh l YZ
Thng thng, khi khi ng my mc nh mt XY l mt phng lp trnh
G20 n v o l inch, n v ca Anh
G21 n v o l mm,
5.3 Lp trnh tuyt i, tng i
G90 Ghi theo cc gi tr ta tuyt i
G91 Ghi theo cc gi tr ta tng i
V d v lp trnh tuyt i :

Th d v lp trnh tng i:

6. H ta trn bn v v h ta trn my CNC

- H ta trn bn v chi tit: l cc d liu lp trnh, cc gi tr ta c s dng
cho gia cng trn my CNC
- H ta my : l ta thc ca bn my so vi gc ta my, tnh t im 0 ca
my ti v tr hin ti ca dng c ct

V tr quan h gia hai h ta phi c xc nh trc, khi phi c t trn bn

my

Dng c ct dch chuyn trn h ta my tng ng vi cc lnh lp trnh c to ra

th tng thch vi h ta trn bn v, v ct to hnh dng chi tit nh trn bn v. Do
, ct ng v cho ra c sn phm nh bn v th hai h ta : ta my v ta
bn v phi trng nhau .
* Cch thc thit lp hai h ta : Ta my v ta trn bn v , trng nhau, da
theo cc hnh dng ca phi v cc nguyn cng gia cng:
*: S dng mt phng chun v mt im trn phi gia cng

*. Nng phi ln theo hng trnh va chm vo cc dng c g

* t phi ln trn pallet ; nng c phi v pallet ln trn g

7. Dao ct v chuyn ng lp trnh ca dao ct

* Gia cng s dng hm b chiu di dao
- Thng thng mi dao c s dng cho mt nguyn cng. Cc dao khc nhau (v
chiu di dao) s cho ra cc ng chy dao khc nhau sinh ra bi chng trnh NC ca
ngi thit k. Do chiu di cc dao s c o v thit lp lu vo b nh my khi
s dng; bng cch thit lp s khc nhau gia chiu di dao tiu chun vi chiu di mi
dao trong CNC.
Vic gia cng c th c thi hnh m khng cn phi sa i li chng trnh, c khi
dao thay i.
Dng c ct c k hiu : T(S hiu dao trong dao)
Lng b chiu di dao c k hiu : H (gi tr di dao) ; v s c dng km vi
lnh lp trnh G43, G44 so li chiu di dao
* Gia cng s dng hm b bn knh dao
Do dao c bn knh, ng chy dao l ng tm ca trc dao nn khi thc hin chy
gia cng, phi tnh ton thit lp b dao theo gi tr bn knh thc hin chy ng bin
dng lp trnh.
Lng b bn knh dao c k hiu D (gi tr bn knh dao) ; v s c dng km vi
lnh lp trnh G41, G42 xc nh hng b dao (b bn tri ng vin gia cng hay
bn phi ng vin gia cng )

V d :
G21
G00 G17 G40 G49 G80 G90
M06 T01
G00 G90 G54 X0. Y10. Z50. S1200 M03 M08
G43 H01 Z10.
- Khi thit lp H00, hoc D00, ngha l hy b gi tr b dao
8. Thit lp gc ta phi
Ta phi c th c thit lp da vo 3 phng php ch yu :
Cch 1: Thit lp gc ta phi bng lnh G92
Lnh G92 : Ch ra v tr hin ti ca u mi dao so vi gc ta c thit lp trong
chng trnh lp trnh. Khi lnh b bn knh dao s khng c tc dng na.
Cu trc : G92 XYZ
Trng hp s dng lp trnh tuyt i, khi ta g dao s di chuyn n v tr c
lp trnh. Khi tnh ton ng chy dao, phi thit lp gi tr b chiu di dao vo trong
chng trnh gia cng, thc hin b chiu di dao cho nh mi dao ct.

Cch 2: Thit lp t ng
Nu bt 0 ca tham s No. 101 # 7 c thit lp sn sng t trc, th h ta phi s
t ng c thit lp khi thc hin thao tc cho my chy v gc my (v Home ). Gc
my khi s l gc ta phi.
Cch 3: S dng cc m lnh dch chuyn gc ta : G52, G54 G59,
* Cu trc lnh G52 : G52 X.Y.;
Lnh G52 ch ra v tr gc ta cc b so vi gc ta hin hnh, thun tin cho
vic lp trnh; trong XY l cc ta tuyt i ca gc ta mi. hy b h
ta cc b, vit G52 X0 Y0
M lnh G52 thng s dng to h ta cc b so vi h ta c s dng m lnh
G54 G59.
Thit lp h ta cc b s khng lm thay i h ta phi v h ta my.
Khi thit lp m lnh G92 th lnh G52 s khng c hiu lc.
* Cc m lnh G54 G59
Khi i thit lp cc m lnh G54 G59, ngi vn hnh cn nhp vo bng thit lp b
dao cc gi tr X, Y, Z l cc ta tuyt i ca mi dao so vi gc ta my (ta
thc so vi gc my).
Chn mt im trn phi lm gc ta th X, Y, Z ca m lnh G54 chnh l v tr tm
dao so vi gc my (gc Home). Cc gi tr ta ny s c qun l bi mt m lnh
G code ring, t G54 G59 ; tng ng vi mi dao trong bng thit lp b dao.
Khi lp trnh, ngi lp trnh ch cn gi ra m lnh mt trong cc G54 G59 v m gc
ta ca n, tng ng vi tng loi dao ct, ch ra v tr gc ta lp trnh

V d :
II. Cc hm lp trnh G code
1. Cc hm ni suy
1.1 Chy dao nhanh G00: Cu trc cu lnh : G00 XYZ;
Lnh G00 thc hin chy dao khng gia cng vi tc ln nht cho php ca my, ti
mt v tr c ch nh ( G00 khng b nh hng bi m lnh F ). ng chy dao ca
lnh G00, khng i theo mt ng thng m theo ng gp khc 45o (hnh v). Tc
trc tng u hnh trnh v gim dn khi v cui hnh trnh

1.2 Ni suy tuyn tnh G01 :

Cu trc G01 X..Y..Z.. F;
M lnh G01 thc hin ni suy theo ng thng gia cng chi tit vi tc ct lp trnh.
Khi s dng lp trnh theo ta tuyt i th X, Y, Z l ta tuyt i tnh t gc to
phi n im lp trnh.
Khi lp trnh tng i th X, Y, Z l khong dch chuyn ca dng c ct
Tc ct F s c hiu lc cho n khi nhp vo mt gi tr F mi.
Th d:

1.3 Ni suy cung trn Lnh G02, G03

Cu trc :
Trong :
Lnh G02 : Ni suy cung trn theo chiu kim ng h
Lnh G03 : Ni suy cung trn ngc chiu kim ng h

X, Y, Z : Ta im cui ca cung trn

I, J, K : Ta tng i ca tm cung trn so vi v tr ban u ca cung trn theo cc
phng tng ng X, Y, Z
R : gi tr bn knh cung trn
F : Lng chy dao lp trnh
Khi khng bit I, J, K th c th dng gi tr bn knh cung R. Trng hp trong cu lnh
lp trnh c c I, J, K v R, my s u tin la chn R
Trng hp gc tm cung trn < 180o, th R >0 v ngc li, gc tm cung trn >180o th
R<0

Trng hp cung trn c gc 360o th phi lp trnh vi gi tr I, J, K.

V d :

Lp trnh tuyt i Lp trnh tng i

1.4 Cc lnh tr v im chun ca my :
- Lnh G28 thc hin a dao ct tr v im chun ca bn my mt cch t ng, l
im gc 0 ca my. Nu sau lnh G28 c thm gi tr cc ta th my s thc hin
chy qua im trung gian trc khi tr v im chun ca my (trong cc trng hp
cn trnh va chm vo g, phi, )
- Khi thc hin G28, c th dng m lnh G27 kim tra xem dao ct c tr v ng
im chun theo nh lp trnh hay khng. Nu tr v ng, n bo my CNC s sng.
Cu trc lnh G27 : G27 XYZ
- Tr li t im chun ca my, lnh G29 : G29 X..Y trong X, Y l ta cn n
Lnh G29 c thc hin sau lnh G28 hoc G30
- Lnh G30 : Tr v im chun th 2. Lnh G30 c s dng khi v tr thc hin thay
dao t ng khc vi im chun

2. B dao
2.1 B chiu di dao G43, G44, G49
Hm ny c s dng thit lp s khc nhau gia chiu di thc ca dao v chiu di
dao lp trnh vo trong b nh b m khng lm thay i chng trnh gia cng.