Read CLRS (cormen book) topic wise and try to solve problems of that topic from

several websites mentioned by Vishwanath. These websites also contains their own
tutorials, read those also.
Spoj has many mathematical problems, read out the comments below problem if you are
unable to get a hint. Many a times, comments provides datastructure or algorithm or
concept required for solving it. Try to understand that and solve. Slowly slowly
you will cover major mathematical concepts required.
All the best!
You don't actually need R. S. Agarwal or R. D. Sharma for that as you might have
already been through the basics. Here are some recommendations that may be helpful
to prepare for Competitive Programming:

Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science