Snake Wrangling for Kids, Learning to Program with Python

by Jason R. Briggs

Version 0.7.7

Copyright

Published by... ah, no one actually.

Cover art and illustrations by Nuthapitol C.

Website:
http://www.briggs.net.nz/log/writing/snake-wrangling-for-kids

Thanks To:
Guido van Rossum (for benevelont dictatorship of the Python language), the mem-
bers of the Edu-Sig mailing list (for helpful advice and commentary), author David
Brin (the original instigator of this book), Michel Weinachter (for providing better
quality versions of the illustrations), and various people for providing feedback and
errata, including: Paulo J. S. Silva, Tom Pohl, Janet Lathan, Martin Schimmels, and
Mike Cariaso (among others). Anyone left off this list, who shouldnt have been, is
en-tirely due to premature senility on the part of the author.

License:

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-

Share Alike 3.0 New Zealand License. To view a copy of this license, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/nz/ or send a letter to Creative
Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
Below is a summary of the license.

You are free:

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holder.

Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the authors moral rights.

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Hello World

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Python 3.0 (r30:67503, Dec 6 2008, 23:22:48)

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>>> 8 * 3.57
28.559999999999999

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55

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15

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605

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700

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70

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T. (Brackets) , 8 ( , 8 - '' 8 @
se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) ( @ ( - 3, 8, :

>>> 5 + 30 * 20 / 10
65

, 8, 8 , 8 , , 8 , 84 3, 8 , 4, 8

se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 - , 84 3, 8 ( , 8 , , 8

se of
T. (Brackets)

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , , 8 , 8 #
se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8

, 8 , 84 3, 8 , 4 , 8 2 8 &3 3, 8 44 - , 8 , ,

( , 8 , 8 , 8 3, 8

. - ( , 8 , 8 , 84 ( [ ( @

( , 8 &4 ( 3, 8F - ( , 8 (variable) - ( , 8 &3 3 ( @

, , 8 [ , 8 2 , 84 - ( , 8 ( 3, , 8 , & , , & 4 (
:)
, 8 ( 2 , 84 , 8 , 8

( - ( , 8 , 8 ( , ( 3, , 8 ( ( 4, 8 -4, 8 ( ( W :)
:)
( @ , 84

, 8 ( , - , 8 - ( , 8 ( 3, , 8 ( @ ( 2 , 84 , 8 ( ( , , 8
( ( - , 8@ ( , ( , 8

4, 8 , 8 , 8 - ( , 8, 8 & , 8 (

( @, 8 - ( , 8 ( 3, , 8 ( , 84 4 ( ( , 84 3 - ( , 8, 8 , 8 ( , (
(=) ( , 84 3 - ( , 8 X4 ( , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 ( , 84 3 - ( , 8 ( , 8 ( , 84
( @, ( 3 ( , 8 ( ( , 8 3, 8 :

>>> ektara = 100

, ( - ( , 8 X4 ( , 8 ( @ ( , 8 ( @ ' ektara , 8 ( , 8 ( @ ( ( , &

 , 8 , 84 , 8 428, 84 , 8 , 8 , 8 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 4 (
, 8 :)
, 8 , 8 , 8 3 ( , 8 428, 84 ( Y, 8 , 8, 84 4, 8 , 8, , 8
'print'
se of
T. (Brackets, ( , 8 8 , 8 - ( , 8, 8 ( , 8 ( , 8 , 8,2 enter 8 , 8, 8 , 8
- ( , 8, 8 ( , 8, :

>>> ektara = 100

>>> print(ektara)
100

( - ( , 8, 8 , 8 ( 42 ( 4, 8 , 8

se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , , 8 ( ( 424 , 8 , :

>>> ektara = 200

>>> print(ektara)
200

, , 8 , 8 ( ( F ektara - ( , 8 ( ( , 8 2 , 8 ( v48 , 8

, 84 ( F ektara ( ( , 8 2 , 8@ 4 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) ( 3, 8, , 8 , 8 ( 42 ( , 8F - , 8
- ( , 8 ( 3, , 8 ( , 8 , 8 ( , 8 2 , 84 , 8 ( , :

>>> ektara = 200

>>> ankur = ektara
>>> print(ankur)
200

, 8, 8 , 8, , 84 , 8 , ( ankur ( W , 8 ( @ ektara- ( , 8 2 , 8 , ektara
( , 8 2 , 8 ( , & , 8 , ektara ( 3, 8, , 8 ( ,
, 8 428, 84 ektara , 8 4 , 8 - ( , 8, 8 ( 2 , 8 , q 8 3, 84 3, 8
, 8 - ( , 8, 8 ( 3, , 8 ektara &3 , 8 ( @ ( ektara ( , ,
&3 3

, 8 , , 8 , 8 ( @ , ( , 8 2 , ( ( W , 8

&3 3 ( ( - ( , 8 , 8 , 8 :)
&3 3 4 - ( , 8, 8
( 2 ( , 8#2 (

( , 8 ( 3 ( , 8 ( ( , , , 8 2 , 8 r 3, 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 4 ( , 8 , 8,
, 8 , 8 , 8 ektara = 200 2 ( - ( , 8 ( 2 , 8 ektara ( , 8 2 , 8
( ( , 8 2 , 8 4 ( 4 , 8 , , 8 ( 3 , 84 3, 8 , 8 ( 3 , 8
, 3 -# ( , 8, 8 3, 8 , , 3 -# ( , 8 4 ( ( & , 8 , 8 3, 8
, 8 , 8, , 8, 84 q ( , 8 , 8 #, 8 , 8 , 8 , , 8 4 (
, (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 4 ( , , 8 , , 8 , , 8 4 ( 4 ( , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8 , 8 ( , 8F
3, 8 ( @ ?

, 8 3 ( , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8

 ( ( @ , 8 , 8 ( @ 'ektara=200' ( -, 8 ( @ v ( ? 4 3, 8 @
, 8, 8 ( 8- , 8 , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8 4 , 4?

( ( ( - ( , 8, 8 - , 8 number_of_students, 2 ( ( ( :

>>> number_of_students = 200

- , 8 ( , 84 , 8 ( , - ( , 8, 8 , , &

se of
T. (Brackets, , 8 (-) , 3 , 8 3, 84 , 8 , 8
, 8 , 84 - ( , 8, 8 , & ( , 8 , 8 4 ( ( @ , 8, 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8,
4, 8 - ( , 8, 8 number of students v ( 4 4 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 4 4 ( , 8 , 84
, 8 , 8:

>>> print(number_of_students)
200

4 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 , 8 @ , 8 , & 3, 8F 4, 8 - ( , 8, 8 , , 23
3, 84 , 8 , 8 ( , 8 3, 84 , 8 , 8 ('a'), & &3 , 8
, 4 ( ( 4 ( ( , 84 4, 8 , 8 ( :)
, , 3
( ( , 84 , 8 , 8 ( -2 , 8 4 ( , 8 428, 84 8- , 8 ( , 8 &3 , 84 4 ( 8- , 8
( , 8@ 4 , 8

- ( , 8, 8 , , 8 , 84 3, 8 , ( q ( , 8 - ( , 8 , , , 8 8

- ( , 8 3, 84 , 8 , 8

. - ( , 8 , 8 &3

( 8- , 8 ( - ( , 8 X4 ( , 84 3 ( ( 8- , 8 &3 , 8 ? , 8 ( ,

, 8 ( , 8 , 8@? , 8 3, 8 ( @ , 4 ( ( 4 , 8, ( (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 :)
, 8 H (
( 3, 8, , 8 , 8 , 8, 4 3 , 4 3, 8 @ , 8 4 3 , 84 4
, 8, 4 3, 8 , 8 ( 3, 8:

>>>((200+300) - 250)* 12
3000

( ( 4 ( , 8 - ( , 8 ( 3, , 8 ( 4, 8 , 8 ( , 84 3, 8 :

>>> tiffin = 200

>>> stipend = 300
>>> spending = 250

, 8 ( 4 ( - ( , 8 X4 ( , 8 ( @ 4 , 8 ( , 8 ( @ 'tiffin', 'stipend' and 'spending'
, 8 ( , 8 4 , 8 ( , 84 , 8 ( :

>>> print((tiffin + stipend - spending) * 12)
3000

, - ( , 8 X4 ( ( 4 ( ( @ , 84 , 8 , 8 , 4 ( ( , 8,

( (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 :)
50 ( , 8 4, 8 - ( , 8, 8 200 [, 8 250 ( , 84 3, 8 :)

, 8-& , 8 8 (up-arrow key ) , 8, 84 3, 8 4 , 8 2 tiffin=200 , 8, 200 , 8@ 250 ( , 8

se of
T. (Brackets , 8, 8
se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 , :

>>> tiffin = 250

>>> print((tiffin + stipend - spending) * 12)
3600

4 , ( , 8 3, 8, 8@ 3600 4 ( ( , 8 ( , 8 :)
:)
- ( , 8 , 8 ( 42 , 8
, 84 , 8 , 8 ,
se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( 42 3, 8 , 8F 4 ( ( 4 ( , & 50 ( , 8 , 4 3, 8
4 , ( 3, 8:

>>> spending = 300

>>> print((tiffin + stipend - spending) * 12)
2400

2 @ , 8 4 3 , 84 , 8 2400 - , 8 - ( , 8, 8 ( , &3

- ( , 8, 8 , ( 4& , 8 &3 ( ( 4, 8 &3 , 8
, 84 , 8 ( - ( , 8 &3 3 ( @ , , 8

- ( , 8 , 8 ( , 8- , 3 , ( 3, , 8 , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8 !

. , 8 ( a

4 , 8 ( , 8 , 8@ ( , 84 , 8 - ( , 8 , , , 8 2 , 8 ( @ ( , - ( , 8

( 3, , 8 , & ( 2 , 8 ( , 84 , 8 ( ( , 8 ( - , 8
, 8 ( a ( 3, , 8 ( , 8 , 8 ( ( ( a F @ , 8 ( @

, 8 ( @ , , 4 ( ( a

, 8, , 8 , 84 3, 8 , ( ( a 3, 8F , 8 ( , ( , 8 , ( r , , 8

( 2 , 8 , 8 , , , & ( ( , 8 ( 2 , 8
4 ( ( a 3, 84 , 8 , 8 4 , ( W ( ( a 3, 84 , 8 , 8 4 , 8 (
, 8 , 8@ & , 8 ( , 8 ( ( , 8 ( @ , , 8 ( ( a &3
, 8 ( @ , ( @ : Hello World

, 8 , 8 ( , 8 ( ( ('') -4 , 8 ( a X4 ( , 84 3 , 8 , 8#, 82 ektara
- ( , 8, 8 ( ( a , 8 , ( , 8 3 ( :

>>> ektara = "this is a string"

, 3, 8 , 84 , 8 , 8 ektara - ( , 8, 8 -4 ( , 8 ( @, :)
, 8 , 84 3, 8:

>>> print(ektara)
this is a string

( ( &3 , 8 ( ( a X4 ( , 84 3, :

>>> ektara = this is yet another string

>>> print(ektara)
this is yet another string

( ( ( 3, , 8 ( ( (Single quote ' ') ( v ( ( (Double quote )

-4
se of
T. (Brackets , 8, 8 ( ( , 8 ( 4, 8 ( , 8 , 2 ( , 8 , 8

se of
T. (Brackets , 8 ( , 8 ( , 8 ( 3 ( , 8 ( ( , 84 , 8 ( :

>>> ektara = "this is two

File "<stdin>", line 1
ektara = "this is two
^
SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal

( ( ( , 8 , 8 428, 84 , 8 )

( ( , 84 ( 4 ( &3 , 84 3, 8 :

>>> ektara = this is two

... lines of text in a single string

print
se of
T. (Brackets, ( , 8 , 84 , 8 ( ( 4 ( , 8 :

>>> print(ektara)
this is two
lines of text in a single string

, 4 ( ( ( 4 ( &3 , 8 , 8 4, 8 , 8

se of
T. (Brackets , 8 ( 4 ( ,
(...) - , 8 4
se of
T. (Brackets ( , 8 44 ( 4 ( , , , 8 4 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 ,, 8 , 8
4 ( ( @ ( , 84 , 8 , 8

. ( a , 8 ( @ q

F 4 , 8 ( ( , , 84 , 10 * 5 ( ) 4 3, 8? Y ( W , 8 , 8@ ,

3, 8 50 4 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 3, 8 ? 4 ( , 3, 8 , 84 , 8 , 8
F ( ( 10 * 'a' ( a ) ( 3, 8? 4 4 ( 3, 84 , 8 ( ( 238
( , 8 , 8 , 84 , 8@ , 4 ( , 8 , 8, , 8 >>> print(10 * a)
se of
T. (Brackets , 8
, 8 ( , 8
se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8:

>>> print(10 * 'a')

aaaaaaaaaa

( ( , 8 , 8 3, 8 , ( , 8 3 ( :

>>> print(20 * 'abcd')

abcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdab
cdabcdabcdabcd

( a :)
, 8 ( q 3, 8 , ( a , 8 , 8 [ , 8 (embed) , 8 ( %s

&3 , 8 ( 2 ( 3, , 8 &4 3 %s ( a &3 , 8 , 8 428, 84
, 8 ( , 84 , 8 ( ( 3 ( , 8 ( ( , 8 ( , 8 3, 8 :

>>> mytext = I am %s years old

>>> print(mytext % 12)
I am 12 years old

, 8 , 8 ( ( , 3 (placeholder-%s) (placeholder-%s) , 8 ( - ( , 8

mytext X4 ( 3, 8, 8@ , 8 &4 %s ( , , 8 4, 2 , 8
, 8, , 8 , 8 ( @ ( , 8 ( 4[ , 8 , 8 , 8 428 , 8 print(mytext)
( , 4 % ( ( &3 , 8 , 8 % , 8 ( , 842 12 &3
, 84 - , 8 % , 8 ( , 842 :)
:)
( @ &3 , 84 , 8 ( ( , 8 3 , 8 :

>>> mytext = Hello %s, how are you today?

>>> name1 = Lipi
>>> name2 = Rana
>>> print(mytext % name1)
Hello Lipi, how are you today?

>>> print(mytext % name2)

Hello Rana, how are you today?

, 8, 8 3 , 8 , 84 , 8 , , 8 ( 4 ( - ( , 8 (mytext, name1 and name2) X4 (
3, 8, 8@- ( , 84 % 2 , 8 &3 , 8 ( @ mytext - ( , 8 ( print , 84 , 8 (
, 8 % , 8 ( , 842 name1 name2 &3 , 84 , 8 ( @ 4 ( ( ,

3 (placeholder-%s) &3 , 84 , 8 , 8 , ( , 8 3 ( :

>>> mytext = Hello %s and %s, how are you today?

>>> print(mytext % (name1, name2))
Hello Lipi and Rana, how are you today?

( 2 &3 3, 8 4 2 , 8 8 , 8 & , 84 3, 8 2 ( 2 , 8

4 , ( W ( 3, 8 - (name1, name2) , 8 , 8 2 , 8 4H48 8
, 8 & , 8 4 4 , 8 , 8 (tuple) 3 ( , 8 ( , 8 , 84 , , , 8 2 , 8, 8
, 8

. r ( 4 ( X4 (

4 ( ( 4 ( X4 ( , 8 @, , , ( ,, , , :)
( ( , 8 ( , 8#2

4 ( ( , 8 :)
, 8 r ( , 8 , 8 ( - ( , 8, 8 ( a ( 3, , 8 ,
, 84 4, 8 4 3, 8:

>>> shopping_list = eggs, milk, fish, banana, potato, meat

>>> print(shopping_list)
eggs, milk, fish, banana, potato, meat

, 8 , 8 :)
- , 8 ( ( 'list' X4 ( , 84 , 8 ( , , 8 ( ( , 8 &3 , 8 , ( , 8
3 ( :

>>> shopping_list = [ 'eggs', 'milk', 'fish', 'banana', 'potato',

'meat' ]
>>> print(shopping_list)
[ 'eggs', 'milk', 'fish', 'banana', 'potato', 'meat' ]

, 8 , 8 , 8 ( @ ( , 84 3, 8, 8@ , ( 4 :)
, 8 8 ( , 8

, 3, 8 4H48 , 8 ( ( , 8 index position 3) print , 84 , 8 ( , [ ] 8 -4 , 8
:

>>> print(shopping_list[2])
fish

( 3 0 , 8 ( , 8 , , 8 , 8 , 8 [ 0, - , 8 ( v48 ( , 8 ( 1,

4H48 ( [ 2 ( , , 84 , 8 , 8 , 4, 8 ( , 8 ,
4 ( 4 , , 8 ( , Y ( ( , 8 W, 84 ( , 8 ( , Y ( , 8 , 84 , 8 4 ( 3, 84 , 8
0 , 8 4, 8 4 ( , 84 , 8 ( , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 4 , 8 ( , 8
( , 8 , 8 ( X4 ( , 3, 8 0 , 8
, 8 3 , 8 , ( , 8 4H48 [ , 8 , 8 [ , 8 , , 8 , 84
, 8 , 8 , [ ] 8 -4, 8 ( &3 , 8 , :

>>> print(shopping_list[2:5])
['fish', 'banana', 'potato' ]

, 8,, 8 , 8 [ , 8 ( ( , 8, 4 ( , 84 ( , 8 [2:5] - , 8 ( , 8
, 84 , 8 ( 4 ( &3 , 8 , , 8 , 8 H ( 4 - , 8 , :)
, 8
, & , , :

>>> mylist = [ 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 ]

( a 3, 8 -

>>> mylist = [ a, bbb, ccccccc, ddddddddd ]

( a ( ( 3, 8 :

>>> mylist = [1, 2, a, bbb]

>>> print(mylist)
[1, 2, a, bbb]

( ( , 8 ( 3, 8 -

>>> list1 = [ a, b, c ]
>>> list2 = [ 1, 2, 3 ]
>>> mylist = [ list1, list2 ]
>>> print(mylist)
[[a, b, c], [1, 2, 3]]

, 8, 8 3 , 8 ( - ( , 8 list1 X4 ( 3, 8, 8@ ( 4 ( ( , 8, list2 X4 ( 3, 8, 8@ ( 4 (
, & ( , 8 mylist X4 ( 3, 8, 8@ list1 list2 ( , 8 ( ( ( , ( , 8 - ( , 8 X4 (
( 4, 8 4 , 8 , ( ( 3, 4 ( 4 ( X4 ( ( 4, 8 4 4, 8 4 ( 3
, , 8 4 X4 ( , 84 , 8 , 8, @ - , 8 4 ( X4 ( , 8 , 8 , 8 , 3, 8 ,
, 8 , 3, 8 , , 84 , 8 (

4 ( , 8 , 8 8

, 8 , 8 ( 4[ , 8

, 8 , 8 , 3, 8 4 ( , 8 , 8 ( 4[ , 8 - , 8 - ( , 8, 8 ( 2
( ( W , - , 8 4 ( , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 ( 42 , 4H48 [ , 8
banana , 8 ( 42 , 8 chili , 84 , 8 ( :

>>> shopping_list[3] = 'chili'

>>> print(shopping_list)
[ 'eggs', 'milk', 'fish', 'chili', 'potato', 'meat' ]

( , 8 ...

, 8 , 8 4 ( 'append ' , 8 ( 4 &3 , 8 ( , 8 , 84 , 8 (
'append' , 8 ( 4 , 8 , 8 , 8 ( , 8 2 4 ( ( @ , 84 ( F , 8 ( 4
, , , 8 2 , 8, 8 , 8 ( , 8 , 8 , 8 4 ( 8- , 8
, 8 ( 4 &3 , 8 ( 4 , 8 , 84 , 8 ( , ( , 8 3 ( :

>>> shopping_list.append(mango)
>>> print(shopping_list)

[ 'eggs', 'milk', 'fish', 'chili', 'potato', 'meat', 'mango ]

, , 8#, 82 4 ( , 8 ( 42 , 8 4 , 8 , 8@, 8J ( , 8& '' 4 (
3, 8, 8@

... 4 ( , 8 ( @ , 8@

se of
T. (Brackets)

'del' (delete , ( , 8) &3 , 8 , 3, 8 4 ( , 8 @, 84 , 8 (
3 , 8 4 ( 4H48 [ , 8 , 8 ( (chili) @, 84 , 8 , 84 3, 8:

>>> del shopping_list[3]

>>> print(shopping_list)
[ 'eggs', 'milk', 'fish', 'potato', 'meat', 'mango ]

4 , 8 , 8 ( , 8 ( , 84 4 ( 3 # :)
[ , 8 , 4 4 2 [ , 8 , 8 (

4 ( [ 3, 8 4H48

( 4 ( ( , 8 - , 8

4 ( , 8 , 8 , 8 4 ( , 8 , 84 , 8 ( , ( ( , &

, 84 4, 8:

>>> list1 = [ 1, 2, 3 ]
>>> list2 = [ 4, 5, 6 ]
>>> print(list1 + list2)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

( 4 ( , 8 4
se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) :)
( - ( , 8, 8 , , 84 , 8 ( , :

>>> list1 = [ 1, 2, 3 ]
>>> list2 = [ 4, 5, 6 ]

>>> list3 = list1 + list2
>>> print(list3)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

- , 8 4 ( , , 8 ( a , 84 , 8 ( :

>>> list1 = [ 1, 2 ]
>>> print(list1 * 5)
[1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2]

, 8, 8 3 , 8 4 ( , 8 ( , 8 3, 8, 8@ , :)
- , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8 , 4 (
, 8 H ( 3, 8, 8@ ( 4 ( ( , 8 , 8 4 - (/) ( , 8 (-)
2 , 8 , 8 4 , 8 , 8, ( , 8, ( , 8 3 , 8 :

>>> list1 / 20
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: list and int

>>> list1 - 20
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: type and int

, , 8 , 8 , 8 ( 42 , 8

. , 8 4 (

, 8 , 8 4 ( , 84 , ( 4 8 [ ] , 3 , 8 & &3 3 4 ( , 8

8 () v ( - (' ') 4 ( [ ] 8 v , 8 3 :
>>> t = (1, 2, 3)
>>> print(t[1])
2

( , 8 2 & 3, 8 4 ( , 8 , 8 , 8 ( 42 ( , 8 X4 ( 3, 8

4 , 8 , 8 , 8 ( 42 ( , 8 ( 42 , 84 4, 8 , 8 , 8, ( 42
, 8, :

>>> t[0] = 4
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?

TypeError: tuple object does not support item assignment

, 8 , , 8, 8 -4, 8 - ( , 8 , 8 ( 42 , 8 , ( , 8 3 ( :

>>> myvar = (1, 2, 3)

>>> myvar = [ a, list, of, strings ]

, , 8 ( - ( , 8 myvar X4 ( , 8 ( @ ( 4 ( , 8 , 8 ( , 8 2 , 8 , 8
myvar , 8 ( 42 , 8 ( @ , 8 ( ( a 4 ( , 8 ( , 8 2 , 8 ( , 8 ( ( , 84

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( 4 ( ( - , 8 ( , 4 , ( , 8@ ( 4 , 8 , 8, 8 (

, 8 , 8@ 4 ( , 8 ( @ , 8 , 8 4 ( , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( , 8 , 8 4 (
& ( , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 4 ( ( ( Y, 8 , 8, 8 , 8 ( @ , , 8 (
, 8 , 8 , 8 2 & ( , 84 , 8 ( @ , 8@ ( 4 4 , 8@ (
, 8 ( ( , , 84 , 8 , 8 , , 8 3, 8 4 4 ( -4, 8
( @ , 8 ( 42 , 84 , 8 , 8@ ( 4 ( 4 , 8- , 8 ( W, 8 ( 4 @ , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8
, 8 4 ( 4 ( , 8 , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8

. , 8, ( , 8 (

& , 8 , 8 ( @ 8- , 8 , 8 , 8, &3 , 8 ( ( 4 , 8 , 8 ,

, 8 , 8 ( @ 8- , 8 8 &3 , 8 , 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( 42 , 8- , 8 8 &3
, 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 ( @ , 8 ( @ , 8 8- , 8 ( 2 ( 4 , 8 , 8 428, 84
&3 , - ( , 8, 8 &3 , 8- , 8 , 8 , ( , 84 , 8 , 8 ( a &4 3, 8- , 8
4 ( , 8 &3 , 8 ( 4 ( ( , 8 ( , 8 ( @ , 8

8 8
4 ( ( 4 ( X4 ( , 8 toys 4 ( , #, 83 (
4 ( X4 ( , 8 foods ( 4 ( , 4 favourites,
4 4 ( (
se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) (print)

8 8
4 ( ( 4 ( , 8 ( , 8 , 8 ( & , 8 ( ( ( r , 8 4 3, 8 4 4, 8
( ( r , 8 , 8 , 8

( ( ..: 4 ( ( , 8 , 8, &3 , 8 ( , 8 , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8)

8 8
4 , 8 &3 , 8 ( - ( , 8 X4 ( ( ( a X4 (
, 84 4 , 84 ( , 3 (placeholder-%s) &3

4H48 &

( @ :)
:)
8 ( 4 8

( @ , 8 2 @ ( 4 , ( 2 n 4 ( , 8 @? 4 ( , 8 ( @

, 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 ( @, 8 , , 8 , 8 ( @, 8 , 8 ( , 8, 8@ , 8 ( @ 3? (
2 n 4 , ? Y, 4 , 8 ( , 84 , 8 ( @ , , 8 , 8, H, 8 4& 8 ( 4, 84
, 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( , 8, 8W , 8 , 8 4 4 , [ 3 , 8 , 8 , 8 ( , ( @ 3
, 8 , 8 48 ( ( , , 8 , 8 2 8 ( 4, 84 , 8 ( , 8 (
3 &, 8

, , 8 , , 8 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 , 8 ( @ ( , , 8 , 8 2 , ( ( , 8 ,

& , 8 :)
, 8 ( @, 8 , , 8 ( , 8 , 8, 8 3, 84 :)
8 , 8@ 4 , 8
, 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , ( , 8 4, 8 , , 8 3, 84 , 8 , 8 ( ( 4 4 ( 4 8
, 8 , 84 , 8 , 8@ ? ( , 8 , 8 4 3, 8 , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8 , 834 , 8 ( 4
( @ (turtles) ( , 8 , ( ( @ 4 , , 8 , 8 2 3 , 8@
, , , 8 ( , 8 Y , 84 Y , 84 , 8F

, 8 , 8 , 8, , 8 , 8 ( , ( ( - ( @ ( - ( , 8 ( @

( @ , 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets :)
, 8 &4 34 42 , 8 , 8 ( , , 8 - , 8 ,
, 84 , 8 , 8 , , , 8 , , 8 , , 8 ( - ,
se of
T. (Brackets) 3, 8 ( @, 8 , 8, 84 , - , 8 , 84

, 8 3, ( ( , 8 , , 8 , , 8 , , ( 3 , 8# 3 --- ( @

( @ , 8 & , 8 3, 84 , 8 4

, 8 , 8 2 (turtle) ( ( , ( ( , ( , ( , 8 , 8, 8 , 8 , , 8 44 , 8

( : .: ( 48 2 ( 4, 8

 ( , 3, 8F ( , , 8 ( , 8 &4 3 ( ( ( , ) ( @ , 8 ( ( -
4, ( , 8 ' ( @ , 8 4 , , 8 , 8 , 8, 8@ , 8 ( , 8 4 2 ( , &3 , 8 &, 8
4 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 ( , , 8 , 8 2 8- , 8 @ ( Y , 84 3

4 3, 8 8- , 8 ( , 8 3, 8F , 8 , 8 2

&3 , 84 , :)
( , , 8, 8 2 , 84 3, 8:

>>> import turtle

, 8 ( & - , @ ( ( Y :)
& - , ( 4 , Y ( , 8 @ (

Y :)
( &3 , 8 , 8 :

>>> t = turtle.Pen()

, 8,, 2 ( ,, 8 ( ( , 8

se of
T. (Brackets) (Pen) ,, 8 ( @, ( m- , 8 ( & - ,
X4 ( , 8 , 8 @ ( Y
se of
T. (Brackets) 3, 8F &3 , 8 & , 8 , (

se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 , 8 428, 84 ( , 8 ) , 8

2 8 --- , 8, , 8 2, 8 , 8 Pen
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8
&, 8
se of
T. (Brackets) 4 , 8, , 8@ --- , 8 ( 3, 8, , 8 ( 2
, 8 ( @ 't' -& ( , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , , 8 , 8, 8
& - , 't' , 8 , 8 ( ( 4 3, 8F) 4 , (
, 8 , 8, , 8 ( , 8, 4 ( . 4 (
( ( & - , ) , 84 , 8 , 8

Y, , 8 2 , 8 @ 48 ( 3 , ( 4& , ( 4& (

( @ ( , ( , 84 , 8 ( @, 8 4

4 ( @ ( , 8 ( , 8 2 ( , 84 , 8 , ,

se of
T. (Brackets) ( &3 , 8 ( 4 , 8 X4 (

, 8 (turtle.Pen)--- , 834 , 8 ( 3, 8, , 8
-& ( , 8 't' ( 2 , 8 ( @ , ( , 8 2
:)
't' &3 4 3, 8 ( , 8 2 ( , ( .: ( @, 8 Y (
forward '
se of
T. (Brackets) ,2' ( , 8 2 ( ( @ [ , 8
, 4 , 8 , , 8 , , 8 , 84 , 8 ( ( @ ( , 8 ( @, 8 , (
, 8 44 , 8 ( ( , 8 ( @)

( @ ( , , 8 ( , 8 ( , 8, 8 , , 8 , 84 ( , 8, 8 ( , 8, 8 ( , 8 , 8
):

>>> t.forward(50)

, ( ( , 8 4 ( . 4 ( @ , 84 , 8 , 8

( ( @, 8 - , 84 , 4 3, 8 , ( @ ( , , 8 ( , 8 ( , 8 , 8, 8 ( , 8, 8@

 ( , 8 , 84 , 8 ( , 4 3, 8 , ( @ ( ( , 8, 8 , , 8 , 8@

4 3, 8 , ( , 8, 8 8?

( ( , 8, 8 3, 8F , 8 2 , 8 ( , ( , , 8 , 8 2 ( , 8 4 ( , 8 4 , 8 4 , ( @
@ @ ,, 8 (2 H ( 4 ) , ( r 4 ( , , 8 , 8, 8 (Playstation) , 8
(Xbox) -4 (Wii) ( &3 4 , ( @ X4 ( 3, 8, 8@ ( ( -
, 8 , 8 , 8 ,, 8 , ( r v 4 & (
se of
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4 3, 8 , & ,, 8 , ( r , 84 , 3, 8 ( , 8 & - , ( , 8 , 8 ( 4 3, 8
, 48 ( 2 ( @ ( , ( Y, 8 ( @ 4 , , 8 , 8 ( ,, 8 , ( r ,
( . , 84 , 8 ( F

( , 8, 8 , ( , 8 , 8 428 & , 8 , 84 , 8 ( @, 8
, ( , 8 , 84:

( .: 48 ( , 8 , 8 3, 8, 8@

( .: ( ( - , #3 (divisions)
>>> t.left(90)

, ( @ , 8 ''4 ( 4 [ , 8 ( , 8 ( , (8 , 8 '' 4 ( 34 , 8

( , (8 , , , 8 2 , 8 ( , ( , , 8, 8 , 3 - , 8 , , , 8 2 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 , ( 4 ( ( ( , 8
4 - , 8 , ( W ( . 4

 ( , , 8 , 8 2 & 3, 8F, ( - , 8 , 8 ( , 842 ( ( - , ( 4 ( ( , 8 ), , 84
, 8, 8@ ( - 4 4 ( ( ( , 8 4 ( , 8 ( - , 4 , 8 , 8 , 8
, 4 , 8 , ( ( - , 4 3, 8 , 8 , 8 ( , , 8 , 8 , 8 ;

( : .: ( , (8

, 8 , 8 , 8, 8 , , 8 4 , 4 ( . 4 ( , (8 - , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8

4 , t.left(90)
se of
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se of
T. (Brackets) 3, 8F 48 ( , 8, 8 ( , 8 , 8 , 8, ( . 4
, 8,
se of
T. (Brackets, , 8 &3 ( :

>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.left(90)
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.left(90)
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.left(90)

, 8 ( @ ( ( 2, 8 , 8 , 8@ ( , 8 , 8 , 8@ 2 - , 8 , , 8 ( @

( ( . )

clear &3 , 8 & - , 8, @ ( , 8@

se of
T. (Brackets) , 84 , 8 :

 .: ( , 8 , 8 ( @, 8 [

>>> t.clear()

:)
:)
( ,
se of
T. (Brackets) ( @, 8 , 3 , 8 & 4 &3 , 84 , 8 : reset, , 8, 8
& - , 8, , @ ( , 8@
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( ( @ ( , 8 ( [ , 8 ( , 8 , 8 ; backward, ( @ ( , 8
, 8@, 8 ( , 8 , 84 , 3 & , 8 ; right, ( @, 8 , ( , 8 ; up, ( @, 8
, , 8 , , 8 @ ( Y , 84 ( , 8 2 ( :)
- , 8 , 8 , ( @, 8 ( 4, 8 ); down,
( @, 8 , 8 @ ( Y ( , 8 2 , 8 - , 8 :)

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( .: 2, 8

 - , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 &3 , 84 , 8 , 8:

. 4 ( , 8 r :

>>> t.reset()
>>> t.backward(100)
>>> t.right(90)
>>> t.up()
>>> t.down()

, 8, 8 turtle ( ,, 8 (

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T. (Brackets) , 8 ,

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8 8

turtle Pen
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turle Pen
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( ( , 8 , 8 8 3, 8 4 ( , 8 - ( ? , 84 , 3, 8F? , 8,
( ( @ , 84 4 ( ( ( W , 8 4 , 8
( W ( , 8 , 8 ( , 8 , 8 - ( ( ( , 8
3 , , 8 - , 8 ( , 8 :

4 , 4? ( 4 ( @, 8 ( 3, 4 3, 8 4 ( , 8 !

( ( , 8 , 8 ( ( 4 3, 8 , 8 ( , 84 3, 8, 4 3, 8 :

if age > 20:

print('you are too old!')

, 8 &3 3, 8, 8@ 4 3 ( if-statement ( if-statement 3 if ( , 8 4

, 8 , 8 , 8 42 2 'condition' ( &, 8 , 8 , 8, 8 ( ( 4 ), 4 , 8 , 8
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( ( - , , 8 ( ) 4 3, 8 , 8 , 8 &
se of
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statement 42 ( ( F 42 ( ( , 8 4 3, 8 ( , 84 , , 8 -4
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( 2 (return) , 8 42 , 8 , 8 :)
( @ 48 /symbol &3 ( 4 , 8 , 84
3, 8 42 , 8 , 8 :)
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== , /equals
!= , /Not equals
> '' , 8 /Greater than
< '' , 8 @ /Less than
>= '' , 8 , /Greater than or
Equal to
<= '' , 8 @ , /Less than or
Equal to

3 , 8, ( 4 , 3 , 4 3, 8 4 3, 8 4 , 8, condition your_age==10 ( 2

, 8 True (yes), ( ( 4 ( 3, ( ( 2 , 8 False , 8 , 8: ( , 8 , 8 , (
(==) 42 2 condition , ( , ( (=) , 8 , ( 4 3, 8 ( , 8
( (error) , 8

 4 , age ( variable 4 , 3, 8, 8@ ( ( - -
, 84 , 8 ( set 3, 8, 8@ condition 3, 8, 8@ ...

age > 10

. , 8 , 8 'True' ( 4 , 3, 4 3, 8 ( ( , 8 'False' ( 4 ,

3 4 3, 8 , 8 , 8 'False' condition ( , 8 8 , 8@ 4 , , 8 (
( @ 3 ( :

>>> age=10
>>> if age>10:
... print('got here')

( 4 ( ( (run) 4 3, 8 , 8 'got here' , 8, ( , 8, , 8 (

se of
T. (Brackets 3, 8, 8@ ( ( ,
3, 8 ( 4 , 8 428 3 , 8 :

>>> age=10
>>> if age==10:
... print('got here')

. ( :)
( (Do this... or ELSE) !!!

if-statement , ( 4 , 84 , 8 ( , , 84 , 8 42 , ( 4& 3, 8 ( :)
( @ , 8

3 , 8, ( 4 , 3 4 3, 8 'Hello' ( 24 3, 8, ( ( 4 3 4 3, 8 ( 24 3, 8
'Goodbye' ( :)
&3 if-then-else-statement ( :)
- , 8 , 8 ( (
Y : ( ( @ , 4& 3, 4 3, 8 ( , ( 4 3, 4 3, 8 :)

( ):

>>> age = 12
>>> if age == 12:
... print('Hello')
... else:
... print('Goodbye')
Hello

, 8, 8 , ( ( 4 , 8 4 3, 8 , 8 'Hello' ( 24 3, 8F 4 ( ,

:)
( @ 4 3, 8 'Goodbye' ( 4
2 3, 8:

>>> age = 8
>>> if age == 12:
... print('Hello')
... else:
... print('Goodbye')
Goodbye

. ( , 8 .. ( , 8 ... , ( , 8 ... :)
( , 8 !!! (Do this... or
do this... or do this... or ELSE!!!)

, 8 if-statement ( , 8 , 84 , 8 ( elif &3 , 8 (elif 3, 8F else-if , (
, 8) 3 , 8, , 8 8 , 84 , 8 ( 4 , ( ?, ?, ? 4& ( :

1. >>> age = 12
2. >>> if age == 10:
3. ... print('You are 10')
4. ... elif age == 11:
5. ... print('you are 11')
6. ... elif age ==12:
7. ... print('You are 12')
8. ... elif age == 13:
9. ... print('You are 13')
10. ... else:
11. ... print('huh?')
12. ...
You are 12

, 8, 8 , 8, ( , 8 8 , 8@ 4 , 2 age variable

, ( ( 4 ( 4 , ( , 8 ( @, 8 , 4 , 8 , , ( , 8 ( , 8 , 8 8
, 8 age 4 , , 8 ( , 8 ( 4
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8, Y
, 8 ( , 8 , 8@ ( 24 3, 8 'You are 12' (4 ( , 8 @ , 8, ( , 8 , 8, 8@ :
,,, )

. , 8 42 , , 8

4 , 8 4 , 8, 8 8 42 , , 8 , 8 ( , 84 , 8 'and' 'or' &3 , 8 , 8,
, 8 3 ( , 8 42 ( , 8 @ , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) ( :

1. >>> if age == 10 or age == 11 or age == 12 or age == 13:

2. print('You are %s' % age)
3. else:
4. print('huh?')

( , 8 , 8 ( 42 , ( 4& 3 ( 2 if age is 10 or age is 11 or age is 12 or age is

13), 4 3, 8 , 8 , 8 , ( 3, 8, :)
, 8 , , ( , 8 , 8 , 8
3 ( @ , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 84 , 8 ( 'and', >= <= ( &3 , 8 &, 8:

1. >>> if age >= 10 and age <=13:

2. print('You are %s' %age)
3. else:
4. print('huh?')

 ( @ 4 , 84 , 8, 8 @, ( , 8 , 8 42 , ( 4& 3 4 3, 8 , 8 , 8
, 3, 8 , 8 , 8 @

. 8

, 8 , 8 , 8@, -& ( , 8, 8 ( ( 2r , 8 , , 8#2428 & , 8 , 8 ( ( 4
3 : Nothing.
- , 8 -& ( , 8, 8 ( 2 , 8 , - , 8 -& ( , 8, 8 'nothing' ( 2 , 8 ( , 84
, 8 ( , 8 , 8 @ 2 empty , 8 4 None ( 3, 8, , 8 ( 2 ( 4 3 ( :)
:)
( ( -
, 8 , 8 , 8 & 3 null) 4 ( , 8 :)
:)
, 8 4 , , 84 , 8 , 8:

>>> myval = None

>>> print(myval)
None

None &3 , 8 ( -& ( , 8 , 8#, 82 ( @ 4 , 8 ( 2 /reset ,

-& ( , 8 &3 3 , 8#, 82 4 ( 2 , 8 None ( 3, 8, , 8 &3

3 , 8, 4 , 8
se of
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4 , 8 3 ( 3, :)
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, 8 , 8 :)
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, 8 428, 84
se of
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se of
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>>> player1 = None

>>> player2 = None
>>> player3 = None

4 , 8 , , 8 4 if-statement &3 , 8 , 8 8 , 84 , 8

se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets, , (3 3, 8, 8@ (
4 3, 8, 8@ 4 ( 3, :

>>> if player1 is None or player2 is None or player3 is None:

... print('Please wait until all players have returned')
... else:
... print('You have raised %s'%(player1+player2+player3))

if-statement ( , 8 8 , 8 -& ( , 8, 8 , 8, 8@ ( None ( 3, 8, , 8 , 3, 8, 8@, ( none
, 8 4 3, 8 & , 8, ( , 8 ( , 8 ( , , 8 -& ( , 8, 8 :)
( 2 ( 4 , 8 4 3, 8 ( v48
& , 8, ( , 8 ( , 8

2 ( , -& ( , 8, 8 None ( 3, 8, , 8 ( 2 3 4 3, 8 3, 8:

>>> if player1 is None or player2 is None or player3 is None:

... print('Please wait until all players have returned')
... else:
... print('You have raised %s'%(player1+player2+player3))
Please wait until all players have returned

 , ( ( , , 8 -& ( , 8 X4 ( , 84 -, 8 , 4 Error & , 8, , 84 , 8 , 8

( , 8 -& ( , 8, 8 ( ( 2r 4 3, 8 & , 8, , 84 , 8 :

>>> player1 = 100

>>> player3 = 300
>>> if player1 is None or player2 is None or player3 is None:
... print(Please wait until all players have returned)
... else:
... print(You have raised %s % (player1 + player2 +
player3))
Please wait until all players have returned

, 8, 8, , , 8 -& ( , 8, 8 ( 2 ( 4 3, 8 4 ( v48 , 8 & , 8, , 84 , 8 :

>>> player1 = 100

>>> player3 = 300
>>> player2= 500
>>> if player1 is None or player2 is None or player3 is None:
... print(Please wait until all players have returned)
... else:
... print(You have raised %s % (player1 + player2 +
player3))
You have raised 900

. , 8 2 & 8 ...?

10 '10' , 8 & , 8 2 & 8?

4 34 - , 8 , 8 ' ...' @ , 8 2 & - , , 8#, 82 & ( , 8, 8
4 3, 8 4 , 8 , ( ( , & ( v48 ( ( ( a 4 ( 4 - , 8@ , 8, 8
4 , 8 8 , 8 2 & , 8, 8@ , 8 ( -& ( , 8, 8 , 8 (age) , , 8 ( , & 4
, 8 ( @ if-statement , 8 &:

>>> if age == 10:

... print(you are 10)

( 4 -& ( , 8 age 10 ( 2 , 8 , 4 3, 8 , 8, 8 , , 8:

>>> age = 10
>>> if age == 10:
... print(you are 10)
...
you are 10

( ( age ( 2 '10' 4 3, 8 , 8, 8 ( , 8 :

 >>> age = '10 '
>>> if age == 10:
... print(you are 10)
...
, 8 3 ? ( ( a ( , & , 8 & , 8 2, 8 & , 8 ( 4 , 84
:

>>> age1 = 10
>>> age2 = 10
>>> print(age1)
10
>>> print(age2)
10

, 8 @? 4 , 84 , 8, 8 , 8 ( 4 , 8, 8 , 834 ( 3, 8F , & :)
( ( a 4 4
4 age==10 (age equals 10) , ( 4& 3, 8 , ( -& ( , 8, 8 ( ( a
3
, 8 4 , 8@ ( , 8@ ( , 8@ , 8 ( ( , 8, , & , 8 ( , , ( 4 (
, 84 , 8 , 8 ( ( , , , 8 , 8 ( ? , q- &4 , 8 , 8 , 8
, 8 , 8@ ( a - , & , & , 8 ( a - , 8 ( 4 , 84 , 8 , 8 ( -, 8 ,
( , 8 3, 8 ) 3 , 8, ( a '10' , & , 8 ( 42 , 84 (

se of
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>>> age = '10'

>>> converted_age = int(age)

-& ( , 8 converted_age 10 , 8 , 8@, ( ( a ( ( , & , 8 ( a -

, 8 ( 4 , 84 4 3, 8 &3 str
se of
T. (Brackets) :

>>> age = 10
converted_age = str(age)

-& ( , 8 converted_age '10' , 8 , 8@, ( , & , if-statement

( @ , 8 ( :

>>> age = '10'

>>> if age == 10:
... print('you are 10')
...

( , 8 8 , 8 -& ( , 8 , 8 ( 42 ( 4 3, 8 ( -

se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 :

>>> age = '10'

>>> converted_age = int(age)
>>> if converted_age == 10:
... print('you are 10')
...
you are 10

, 8 &

( ( , , 8 , 8 ( @ 3, 84 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 4 -

4 , 8 , :)
- , 84 , 8 , & , 84 , 8 4 8 3? 4 4 , 8 , 8, ,
4 ? -, 8 , 8 - , 88 :)
, 8 8 8 , 8, 8 2 ( , 8 , ( , , 8 , ?
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( ( ( ( 4 , 8 , 8 :)
, 3, 8 ( , 8 , 8 ( , 4, 8 (
( 2 - ( , 84 , 8 - , 8 , 8 28 , 8 3 4 3, 8 ( 4
, 8 , 8

( , , , 8@J , 8 , 8@J

4 , 8 , , 84 , 3 & , 8 , ( ( - ( , - , 8 , 8 H (
:)
( ( &3 3 , 8 , 8 for-loop 3 , 8, 4 , 8 , 8 , 8 hello
, 8 Y (
se of
T. (Brackets , ( , 84 3, 8 , 4 ( 3, 84 ( , 8 , ( &3 , 8-

>>> print("hello")
hello
>>> print("hello")
hello
>>> print("hello")
hello
>>> print("hello")
hello
>>> print("hello")
hello

, 8 ( ( , 8, 8 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 ...

( , 8 for-loop (
se of
T. (Brackets) - , 8) &3 , 84 , 8 ( ( : , 8 ( v48 , 8 print
, 8, 8
se of
T. (Brackets , 8#, 82 ( spaces
se of
T. (Brackets) Y [ &3 3, 8, 8@, , 8 @ ( , ( &3
, 8 ( @ , 84 , 8 , 3, 8 4 , 84 , 8 , 8 [ ( ):

>>> for x in range(0, 5):

... @@@@print(hello)
...
hello
hello
hello
hello
hello

, 8, 8 3 ( , 84 , 8 range ( &4 3, 8, 8@ range 3, 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 3, 8
, & ( 4 ( X4 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 3 , 8:

 >>> print(list(range(10, 20)))
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]

4 for-loop , 8 for x in range(0,5) , ( , 8 , 8 ( , 8 2 , 8 , & (

4 ( (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) X4 ( , 8 -& ( , 8 X , 8 & ( 4 ( , & , , 8 , 8 (
X print , 8, 8
se of
T. (Brackets &3 , 84 , 8 ( :

>>> for x in range(0, 5):

... print(hello %s % x)
hello 0
hello 1
hello 2
hello 3
hello 4

( for-loop , 8 &3 ( 4 , 8, 84 ( for-loop &3 , 84 4 3, 8 , 8, 8 , (
3, 8 , 8:

x = 0
print(hello %s % x)
x = 1
print(hello %s % x)
x = 2
print(hello %s % x)
x = 3
print(hello %s % x)
x = 4
print(hello %s % x)

4 4 ( ( & , 8 4 , loop , 8 , 8 ( @ , 8 , 3, 84

Y ( , 8 ( ( , 8 8, ( - ( , , 8 38 , 8 (
, 3 - ( ( ( , 84 , 8@J , 8 , 8 ( , 8 - for-
loop 3, 8 :)
4 ( , 8 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets

, 4 28 !!!

( 4 ( 3 , 8 ( , 8 r , 8 , 4 3, 8 4

for-loop , , 8 , ( @ 3 ( 42 , 8 , 8 ( 4 (
, 8 , , ( 3, 84 , 8 , 8 :

IndentationError: expected an indented block

, 8 ( , 84 , 8, 8 4 , 8 , 84 3, 8 ( v48 , 8

se of
T. (Brackets) Y [ ( , 84 -
, 8 , 8@ , 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) Y [ (, , ( & ) , 8#2
, 8, 8 ( , 8 ( ( 4 , 8 , 8 ...

range &3 , 8 , 8 , 84 , 8W 3, 8 , 8 list ( ( ) &3 , 8 ( @ , 84 , 8 &
X4 ( , 8 ( @ , 8#, 82 & , 8 X4 ( , 8 ( @ 4 ( :

>>> shopping_list = [eggs, milk, fish, banana, potato, meat]

>>> for i in shopping_list:
... print(i)
eggs
milk
fish
banana
potato
meat
, 8, 8 , ( , 8 , list ( 4 ( , 8 , 8 :)
, -& ( , 8 'i' , 8 & , , 8
4 , 8 -& ( , 8, 8 ( , #3 print , 8 ( ( @, ( for-loop , 8
& 3 ( 4 , 8, 84 , 4 3, 8 , 8 , 8 ( @ &3 , 84 3, 8

>>> shopping_list = [eggs, milk, fish, banana, potato, meat]

>>> print(shopping_list[0])
eggs
>>> print(shopping_list[1])
milk
>>> print(shopping_list[2])
fish
>>> print(shopping_list[3])
banana
>>> print(shopping_list[4])
potato
>>> print(shopping_list[5])
meat

4 , 8 , 84 , loop ( , 8) , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8

, 8

. ( 2, 8 ?

( ( ,
4 ' , ' 8 ?
( , 3, 8 ( ( , 8, 8
se of
T. (Brackets ( , , 8 ( , 8, 8 , 8 , 8 ( 4 , 84
3 , 8 , , 8, 8 for-loop 3 ( , 84, 4 ( , 8 , 8 print @ , 8
( @ , 84 3, 84 4 ( ( 4 ( , 8 m , 8 , 8 4 ( print , 8 , 8 ( (
( @, 8 , 8 , 8 ( buy , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8, 8@, 4 ( - , 8 , ( ( , 84 , 8 , 8 :

>>> for i in shopping_list:

... buy(i)
... print(i)

, 8 , 8, , 8 , 8, 8 3 ( , 8 - , 8, 8 , , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , (
4 ( () , 84 r , 8 4 3, 8 4 ( ( ( 42 (error message) , 8 , 8 ( 3 ( (
, , 8 2 , 8 ( ( , 8
se of
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buy(i)
print(i)

, 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) Y , & ( 4 ( & 8 , 8 ) , ( 4 ( , 8 , 8 )
, 8#2 , , 8 [ , 8 , 8, 8@ , , 8 , 8 X4 ( :)
, 8 , 8 3

this would be block 1

this would be block 1
this would be block 1
this would be block 2
this would be block 2
this would be block 2
this would still be block 1
this would still be block 1
this would be block 3
this would be block 3
this would be block 4
this would be block 4
this would be block 4

( 4 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) Y ( ( , ) ( ( - 8 ( 4 , , 84 3, 8 3 , 8:

>>> for i in shopping_list:

... buy(i)
... print(i)

, 8 ( v48 , 8 (

se of
T. (Brackets) buy(i)) 3, 8, 8@ ( , v 4H48 , 8 (print(i)) 3, 8, 8@ (
, v , 8 , 8 , ( 4 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) Y [ (, ) H [ ( (,
, 84 , 8 @ &4 3, 8, 8@):

>>> for i in shopping_list:

... @@@@buy(i)
... @@@@@@print(i)

( ( ( , 8 4 ( ( ( , &3 , 8 , 4, 8 4 , 8 ( , ( , 8 , 84

3, 8 ( 4 ( ( , 8 -& , 8 , 8 ( , 84 , , , 8, 8 -& 8 , 8 :)

, 8 , 84 4 ( , ( x ) &3 , 84 3, 8

4 , 8 , 8, 8@ ( , ( , 8 , , 8 3 ( @ , 84 , 8 4 , 84 , 8 , 8 ):

@@@@heres my first block

@@@@heres my first block

 4, 8 ( v48 , 8 ( ( ( -& - , 8, 8@ ) 4 , 8 ( , :

@@@@heres my first block

@@@@heres my first block
@@@@@@@@heres my second block
@@@@@@@@heres my second block

( ( , 8 -& , 8 :)
( , 84 ? , 4 4 (

( v48 ( - , 8 ( , 8 ( -2 , 8 ( , 8 for-loop ( , 3
for-loop ( 3, 4 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets , 8 , 8 , 8 , 84 ( v48 , 8 - , 8
, 8 4 ( , 8 ( -2 , 8 , ( W - , 8 , 8
, 8 , 8, , 8 , 4 ( , , 8 , , 8 ( 44 , 8 2 ( , 8 , 8 4
4 (
se of
T. (Brackets) Y , 8
se of
T. (Brackets 8-4 , 8 ( , 8F ( , 8 , 84 4 ( ( , , 84 , 8 , 8 4 , 8 , 8
4 ( , 8 , 8 , 8 & , 8, 8@ )
, 8 ( @ 3 ( , 8 r ( , 8 , , 8 ( ( ( 4 , ( ( , 8
(, 8 , 8 print , 8 , 84 4 , ( , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8):

>>> mylist = [ a, b, c ]
>>> for i in mylist:
... print(i)
... print(i)
...
a
a
b
b
c
c

( v48 print , 8, 8 ,

se of
T. (Brackets) Y , 8
se of
T. (Brackets 8 , 8, 8 - ( , 8, , 8 , 8 4 ( ( , 84
4 , 8 ( ( , 8 ( 4 ( , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets , 8
, 8 428 3 ( , 84 ( ( 42 2 , 8:

>>> mylist = [ a, b, c ]
>>> for i in mylist:
... print(i)
... print(i)
...
File <stdin>, line 3
print(i)
^
IndentationError: unexpected indent

( v48 (
se of
T. (Brackets , 8 ( , ( , , 8, 8@, ( , 8 , 8 , 2 , 8 , , [ , 8
:)
, 8 , 8

 , 8 , 8

4 ( ( ( , &3 , 8 , , 8 4 3, 8 4 , 8 (

, ( , 8 , 84 3, 8 ( ( , ( , 8 , 8 4 3, 8 4 , 8
( , ( , 8 , 84 3, 8 ( , &3 , 8 3, 8 ( -
( &3 , 8

( , 8 3 ( , 8, ( 3 :

>>> mylist = [ a, b, c ]
>>> for i in mylist:
... print(i)
... for j in mylist:
... print(j)
...

, 8, , 8 8 3, 84 , 8 , 8@ , 8...?

, 8, ( , 8, 8@- ( 3, 8 for-loop :

>>> mylist = [ a, b, c ]
>>> for i in mylist:
... print(i) #
... for j in mylist: #-- , 8 , 8
... print(j) #
...

( v48 ( 3, 8 ( v48 for-loop (

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>>> mylist = [ a, b, c ]
>>> for i in mylist:
... print(i)
... for j in mylist:
... print(j) # ( ( v48 , 8
...

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>>> mylist = [ a, b, c ]
>>> for i in mylist:
... print(i)
... for j in mylist:

 ... print(j)
...
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>>> ( 200+300-250)*12

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>>> tiffin = 200

>>> stipend = 300
>>> spending = 250

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>>> (tiffin+stipend-spending)*12
3000

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1.>>> savings=0
2.>>> tiffin=200
3.>>> stipend=300
4.>>> spending=250
5.>>> for month in range(1,13):
savings=savings+tiffin+stipend-spending
print('month %s=%s'%(month, savings))

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Month 1 = 250
Month 2 = 500
Month 3 = 750
Month 4 = 1000
Month 5 = 1250
Month 6 = 1500
Month 7 = 1750
Month 8 = 2000
Month 9 = 2250
Month 10 = 2500
Month 11 = 2750
Month 12 = 3000

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>>> for step in range(0,20):

... print(step)
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 >>> step = 0
>>> while step < 10000:
... print(step)
... if tired == True:
... break
... elif badweather == True:
... break
... else:
... step = step + 1

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>>> x = 45
>>> y = 80
>>> while x < 50 and y < 100:
... x = x + 1
... y = y + 1
... print(x, y)

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 >>> while True:
... lots of code here
... lots of code here
... lots of code here
... if some_condition == True:
... break

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>>>for x in range(0, 20):

...print(hello %s % x)
...if x < 9:
break

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r ( :

>>> def myfunction(myname):

... print(hello %s % myname)
...

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>>> myfunction(Nipun)
hello Nipun

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>>> def myfunction(firstname, lastname):

... print(Hello %s %s % (firstname, lastname))
...

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>>> myfunction(Nipun, Ahmed)

Hello Nipun Ahmed

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>>> fn = Asif
>>> ln = Tanvir
>>> myfunction(fn, ln)
Hello Asif Tanvir

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>>> def savings(tiffin + stipend - spending):

... return tiffin + stipend - spending
...
>>> print(savings(200, 300, 250))
250

, 8, 8
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>>> my_savings = savings(20, 10, 5)

>>> print(my_savings)
25

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>>> def variable_test():

... a = 10
... b = 20
... return a * b
...
>>> print(variable_test())
200
>>> print(a)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name a is not defined

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>>> x = 100
>>> def variable_test2():
... a = 10
... b = 20
... return a * b * x
...
>>> print(variable_test2())
20000

2 , ( a b
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>>> def yearly_savings(tiffin + stipend spending):

... savings = 0
... for month in range(1, 13):
... savings = savings + tiffin +stipend - spending
... print(month %s = %s % (month, savings))
...

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>>> yearly_savings(200, 300, 250)

Month 1 = 250
Month 2 = 500
Month 3 = 750
Month 4 = 1000
Month 5 = 1250
Month 6 = 1500
Month 7 = 1750
Month 8 = 2000
Month 9 = 2250
Month 10 = 2500

(continues on...)

 >>> yearly_savings(25, 15, 10)
month 1 = 30
month 2 = 60
month 3 = 90
month 4 = 120
month 5 = 150

(continues on...)

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>>> f = open(Desktop/test.txt)
>>> print(f.read())

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>>> import time

import
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>>> print(time.localtime())
(2006, 11, 10, 23, 49, 1, 4, 314, 1)

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>>> t = time.localtime()
>>> print(time.asctime(t))
Sat Nov 18 22:37:15 2006

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 >>> print(time.asctime(time.localtime()))
Sat Nov 18 22:37:15 2006

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import sys

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>>> print(sys.stdin.readline())

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if age >= 10 and age <= 13:

print(you are %s % age)
else:
print(huh?)

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>>> def your_age(age):

... if age >= 10 and age <= 13:
... print(you are %s % age)
... else:
... print(huh?)
...

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>>> your_age(9)
huh?
>>> your_age(10)
you are 10

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>>> def your_age():

... print(Please enter your age)
... age = int(sys.stdin.readline())

 ... if age >= 10 and age <= 13:
... print(you are %s % age)
... else:
... print(huh?)
...

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>>> your_age()
Please enter your age
10
you are 10
>>> your_age()
Please enter your age
15
huh?

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def &3 , 8 8- , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 X4 ( 4 (

8 8

& , 8 8 8 @, 8 ( , 8 ( for-loop X4 ( , 8 ( @

for-loop , 3, 8
se of
T. (Brackets) ( 3, 8, , 8 &3 , 84 , 8 ( @, 8 , 84 , 8 2 , 8 ( , 8 3 , 3
(
se of
T. (Brackets) X4 ( , 8 3, 8:

calculate_interest(100, 0.03)

8 8

, & X4 (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( ( 2r , , 8 , 8 4 3, 8 4 , 8 - @ @
, 8, 8 , 8, 3, 8:

calculate_interest(100, 0.03, 5)

8 8

se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 84 , 8& ( , 8 , 3 , 8 & , 8 , (pass) , 8 ( , 842 ( @ ( X4 (
, 84 , 8 ( , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 , 8 (sys.stdin.readline()
se of
T. (Brackets) &3 , 8 ) , 8, 8
, 8& ( @
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 call , 84 , 8 , 8

calculate_interest()

@ ( ( X4 ( , 84 , 8 4 (

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 3, 8 float float , , , 8 2
, 8 ( ( ( ( @ int
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 84 ( ( @ & ( 4m , 8@ ( string- (
, 8, 8
se of
T. (Brackets , 8 (floating point numbers) , 8 , 8 Floating Point Numbers 3, 8 ( , & (.),
- . .

, &

se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 ( @ &

4 34 , 84 , 8 & , 8

se of
T. (Brackets) (

, 8, 8 ,
se of
T. (Brackets) & ( , 8 ( ( -
se of
T. (Brackets) :)
, 8 ( , 8 , 84
, 8 , 8@ , ( ( ( , ( ( @? 3 ( a, 8 , , 84 , 8 , 8 ,
4 , 8 & - 4 , 8 8 , 8, 8 ( , 8 3, 84 , 8 , 8@ , 8 , 8 , 8
3, 84 , 8 , 8 ) J , 8 , 3 , 8 , ( , 8 , 8 , 3, 8
se of
T. (Brackets) & ( , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) (
, 4
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , , 8 , 8, , , 8 @, 8 ( 3 4 , , 8 , 8
, 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 , 8 ( @ , 8 , 8 - , 3, 8 , 8
,
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 84 ( , 8, 8@ 2
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 , , 8 ( , 8 , 8 , 8#2
4 & -
se of
T. (Brackets) ( ( ,
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 84 ( , 8 4 & , 8@,
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 3, 8, 8@,
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8
&3 3, 8, 8@ 4& (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( & ( , 8 ( ( , 8 , 8 ? ( ( - 4 & , ( 4

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 ( @, 8 , 8 , 84 , 3 & , 8 , 8 , 8 - , 8 (
, 8 , 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 84 , 8 8, ( , 8 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 - , 8
J , 8 , ( , 8 , 3 ( , , 8 , 84 , 8 ( ( ,, 8 ( (directories)

se of
T. (Brackets) (placeholder-%s) , 8 (folder) &, 8 , 8

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8, 8 , 8 , 84 , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8
( , 8@, 4 ( ( , , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 , 84 , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets) -

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 & 8 , 8 4 & , 8 , ( , , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 & , 4 &
, 8 , 84 , 8 (

, 8 & , 8 , 8 ( @ , 8 , 8 8- , 8

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 X4 ( , 84 3, 8- , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8
# & , 4 & , 8 , 84 3:

>>> f = open(c:\\test.txt)
>>> print(f.read())

f.read() , 8 4 , 8 34 , 8, 8@ ,

se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 ? -
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 4 &
, 8 , 4 ( 4 4 4 & 4 , 8 , 8 ( 4 ? Y, X ( , 8,
( , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 , 8 ( , 84 , 8 (

, 8, , 8 , 8

se of
T. (Brackets) ( :)
, , 84 4 , 8 ( , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 84
( , 84

>>> f = open(myfile.txt, w)

open()
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( -4, 8 ( 4 ( "w" ( (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8, 8 ( , 8 , "w"
, 8 , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 84 3, 8 , 8 :)
, 8, ( @ :

>>> f = open(myfile.txt, w)

 >>> f.write(this is a test file)

( ? (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 4 , 84 ( , 8 ( "this is a test file" , 8 (
, 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 , 8, , 8@, ( , 8 ( @ ( , 84 ( , 8 , 8 , 8
, 8 , 8 ,
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 ( :)
4 3, 8
, 8 ( , 84 3, 8 ( , 8 , 84 , 8

>>> f = open(myfile.txt, w)
>>> f.write(this is a test file)
>>> f.close()

f.close() , 8 , 8

se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 ( , 8 F , 8 ( , ( 4& ( , 8 , 8@ ? , 8, , 8 8 , 8 (
( , &3 , 8 myfile.txt
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 ( , 8 , 8 , 8 , 84 , 8 (

se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 , 84:

>>> f = open(myfile.txt)
>>> print(f.read())
this is a test file

( , 4 ? , 8 ( J , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 84 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 ? ( , 8 ( , 8 ( @ 8
, 8 ( ( 4 , 3 3, 8 , 8@

r &

F, 8, 8

4 , 8 ( , 8 , 8@ & , 8 "turtle" ( , ( , 8 , 8 ( @ , 8

& - , 8, , 8 @ ( Y :)
, 84 , 8 , 8 ( , ( , 8 , 2 , 8 'Pen' , 8 X4 ( , 8 ( , 84
3, 8 ( @ ( W , 8 :

>>> import turtle

>>> t = turtle.Pen()

( @ ,
se of
T. (Brackets) &3 , 8 & - , 8, , 8 @ F, 8 , 8 [ , 8 , 8 [ , 8
( , 8 ( , 8 ( ( - , H ( 4 X4 ( , 84 , 8 ( , 8 & , 8 2 Y, 8 ( @ :

>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.left(90)
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.left(90)
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.left(90)

, 8 for-loop &3 , 8 ( , 8 , 84 ( @, 8 ( , 84 , 8 ( :

>>> t.reset()
>>> for x in range(1,5):
... t.forward(50)
... t.left(90)
...

- , 8 ( , 84 , 8 , , 8 , 8 ( @ :

 ( .: F, 8 ( ( J (
4 Y, 8
se of
T. (Brackets)

>>> t.reset()
>>> for x in range(1,9):
... t.forward(100)
... t.left(225)
...

, 8, 8 , &3 , 8 r q ( 4 ( Y 3 ( . 4 ( 3 ( F, 8 (

( 4 ( , 8, 8 , , 8 ( , 8 ( , (8 )

, 8 , 8 , 8 ( 42 ( ( , (8) 82 , 8 ( ) &3 , 8 , 8 8 , 4

X4 ( , 84 , 8 ( :

>>> t.reset()
>>> for x in range(1,38):
... t.forward(100)
... t.left(175)
...

, 8Y , 8 4 X4 ( , 84 , 8 ( :

>>> for x in range(1,20):
... t.forward(100)
... t.left(95)
...

( .: , 8 8 4

( .: , 8 8 4

 ( .: 4

, 8 ( ( @ ( :

>>> t.reset()
>>> for x in range(1,19):
... t.forward(100)
... if x % 2 == 0:
... t.left(175)
... else:
... t.left(225)
...

, 8, 8 , 8, , 8 8 , 8 ( @ x , & ( - :)
, (modulo) , 8 , 8
(%) &3 , 8 ( @ - if x % 2 == 0

x % 2 # :)
3, 8 ( x v ( - & 3, 8 ( , 84 , 3 4 3, 8 , 8 ( , 8 (

, 8 , 8 "x % 2 == 0" &3 , 8 , & , 8 8 ( , , 8
( 4 , 8

4 ( , & ( ( 4 , F, 8 ( ( ( -
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , ( , 8 , 8 ( @ Y , 84 , 8 , 8
:

t.color(1,0,0)
t.begin_fill()
t.forward(100)
t.left(90)
t.forward(20)
t.left(90)
t.forward(20)
t.right(90)
t.forward(20)
t.left(90)
t.forward(60)
t.left(90)

 t.forward(20)
t.right(90)
t.forward(20)
t.left(90)
t.forward(20)
t.end_fill()
t.color(0,0,0)
t.up()
t.forward(10)
t.down()
t.begin_fill()
t.circle(10)
t.end_fill()
t.setheading(0)
t.up()
t.forward(90)
t.right(90)
t.forward(10)
t.setheading(0)
t.begin_fill()
t.down()
t.circle(10)
t.end_fill()

, 8 , ( , 8, , 8 , ( , 8 , 8 ( , 8 , 8 , 8 ( ( : .- 4 @ (

, 84 , 8 , 8 ( , 8 4 ( @ ( ( , ( : &3 , 8- , 8 , 8 (
, 8 ( 42 , 8 ( , 84 3, 8- , 8 & - , 8, ( ( ( 2r ( , 8 , 8#2 , 84 3, 8- , 8 ( ( 2r , 8, 8
( H Y , 84 3

color
se of
T. (Brackets) ( ( , 8& ( (3 , 8 ( , ( v48 ( , , 8 , 8& ( ( 8 -
, 8 ( ( , 8 2 , 8 , 8 # 4 ( ( (RGB) , 8 ( , 8, 8 &, 8 ( ( ( 2r
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 4 ( @

 ( .: F, 8 ( , 8 ( Y , , 8 ( W !!!

, , 8 ?

( 4 ( , 8 ( ( - ( , 8 , 8 4 3, 8 4 ( , 8 , 84 , 8 & , 8 @ 4 (

( - ( 4 :)
, 8 ( , 8 8 4 , 8 8,
, 8 , 8 , , 8 4 , 8 4 , 8 8 ( , , 8 4 ( - , 8 , 84 , 8
, , 3 , 8 , 8 - & ( 4m ( , , 8 , 8 , 4

( , &3 ( @ , ( ( 4 ( , 8 , 8 , 8@ , , ,

8 , 84& ( , 8 , 8#2, , 8 ( , , #2 , 8 , 8 3 ( %) , 8 , 8
, (%) , 8 , 4 , 84 , , (%) ( @ , 8 , 8 ( , 8
3 3, 8 , 8 4, 8 , 8, 3 H X4 ( ( F, 8 , 8 ( , 8

>>> t.color(1,1,0)
>>> t.begin_fill()
>>> t.circle(50)
>>> t.end_fill()

, 8, 8 3 , 8 color

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 % , % , % 8 &3 , 8 ( @ , 3, 8
( , 8 , 8 8 - ( 8 :)
, 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 ( 4 , 84 , 8 (

>>> def mycircle(red, green, blue):

... t.color(red, green, blue)
... t.begin_fill()
... t.circle(50)
... t.end_fill()
...

 ( , H Y , 84 , 8 ( , , &3 , 8 (%):

>>> mycircle(0, 1, 0)

( , H Y , 84 , 8 ( , 8 2 , (%) ( , 8 :

>>> mycircle(0, 0.5, 0)

, 8 , , 8 ( , 8 - , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 4 ( 4 &3

, 8 ( , , 8 , 8 ( , 8 ( @ , 4 &3 , 8
, , 8 , 8 2 , 8 , 8 3 , 8 , 8 , 8 , & ( 3, 84
, 8 4 , , 84 , , 84 (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 3, 8 , 8, , 3 - 2 ( , , 84 , , 84 3, 8 , 8, , 8 4 ( , 8
( , 8 r , 8 , 8#2 2 , 8#2 8 2 8 H Y, 8 8 [ 3:

>>> mycircle(1, 0, 0)
>>> mycircle(0.5, 0, 0)
>>> mycircle(0, 0, 1)
>>> mycircle(0, 0, 0.5)

- , ( , 8 X ( & , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8 % , %
, 8 &3 , 8 :

>>> mycircle(1, 0.85, 0)

3 , 88 , 8 , 8 % , % , % 8 &3 , 8 :

>>> mycircle(1, 0.70,0.75)

, 8 , 8 % , % , ( ( , 8 , 8 8 , 8 , 8 % , % ,

% 8 ( ( , 8:

>>> mycircle(1, 0.65, 0)

>>> mycircle(0.6, 0.3, 0.15)

, , 8 & - , , 8 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 &3 , 84 3, 8 t.clear()

F , , 84 , 8 ( ( -, 8 4 ( 3? , ( @ 3, 8

( W , 8 2 , 8 4 , , 8

4 ( ( H, 8 , 8 , 8 , ( 4 ( , 82 0 4 3, 8 , ( (

, 82 H X4 ( , 8, ( .- 4 , 84 , 8 , 8

>>> mycircle(0, 0, 0)

 , 8 , ( 4& ( , , 8 % , 8 4 3, 8 , 2 , 8 , 8

>>> mycircle(1,1,1)

. ( , 8 -

4 ( 34 4, 8 , 84 , 8, 8 @ fill

se of
T. (Brackets) ( , ( m , 84 3 , 8& ( ( 3, 8, , 8 - 1 , 8 , , 8
( ( , 84 0 &3 3 , 8 ( ( ( 4 ( , 84
Y, 8 ( @ , , 8 ( , 8 - , 8 4, 8 :)

se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 , ( m , 8
H ( 4 #&4 Y , 84 3, 8 4 - , 8 , 8 , 8 , &3 , 8
, 3, 8 ( 2, 8, 8 ( , 8 , 8#2 , 84 , 8 ( 4, 8 , 8 2, 8 Y ( ( , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8
, 8 ( 4 2, 8 Y , 84 , ( ( :

( .: ( , 8 H

>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.left(90)
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.left(90)
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.left(90)
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.left(90)

se of
T. (Brackets) ( 3, 8, , 8 , 84 , 8 ( 2, 8, 8 , 8 , 8& ( ( 3, 8, , 8 , 8 , , 84
se of
T. (Brackets) (
&3 , 8 , 3 3, 8:

>>> def mysquare(size):

... t.forward(size)
... t.left(90)

 ... t.forward(size)
... t.left(90)
... t.forward(size)
... t.left(90)
... t.forward(size)
... t.left(90)

se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 , 8 8 , 8 , 84 , 8 ( - , 8:

>>> mysquare(50)

( , 8, 8 , , 8 2, 8 ( 4, 8 forward(size) left(90) , 8 H (

, 8 ( @ 4 r , 8 for-loop &3 , 8 , 3, 8 ( , 84 , 8 ( - , 8:

>>> def mysquare(size):

... for x in range(0,4):
... t.forward(size)
... t.left(90)

, 8 , , 8 4 ( , 84 , 8, 8 ( ( - ( , 8 r

:

>>> t.reset()
>>> mysquare(25)
>>> mysquare(50)
>>> mysquare(75)
>>> mysquare(100)
>>> mysquare(125)

( .: , 8 , 8 2, 8

, 8, 8 ( , 8 4 H ( 4 X4 ( 3, 8

 ( , 8 , 8#2 2 X4 ( r ( , 8 & - , ( , 8 , 8 ( , 8 :

>>> t.reset()

fill
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , ( m , 8 2 Y ( :

>>> t.begin_fill()
>>> mysquare(50)

fill
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( ( , 8 2 2 , 8

>>> t.end_fill()

( , 8 @ ( 4 ( 2 , 8:

( .: ( , 8 2, 8

se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 - , 8 , 8 ( 42 ( &3 , 8 v , 8#2 38
2, 8 Y , 84 , 8 ( :)
, 8 , 8 ( , ( , 84 3, 8 :

>>> def mysquare(size, filled):

... if filled == True:
... t.begin_fill()
... for x in range(0,4):
... t.forward(size)
... t.left(90)
... if filled == True:
... t.end_fill()
...

, 8 , 8 8 , 8 ( filled , 8& ( , 8 True ( ( True 3 4 3, 8 fill


se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , ( m ( , 8, 8 &, 8 2 ( Y , 8 , 8 8 , 8 ( filled , 8& ( , 8
True ( ( True 3 4, 8 fill
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( ( , 8 ( , 8 - H4 2
Y , 84 , 8 ( - , 8:

>>> mysquare(50, True)

@ 2 Y :)
:

>>> mysquare(150, False)

( .: ( 2, 8, 8

, 8, 8 , , 8 ( H ( 4 , 8 , 84 , 8 2 H ( 4 , 8 4

- , 8 4 ( , , 8 H ( 4 X4 ( , 84 , 8 , , 8 , 8 ( , 8 - , 8 ( , 84 , 8
, 8 4 ( Y, 8 ( @ , 8, , ( , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 ( 4 ( ( @ , 8 , ,:

>>> for x in range(1,19):

... t.forward(100)
... if x % 2 == 0:
... t.left(175)
... else:
... t.left(225)
...

mysquare
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 4 if-statements &3 , 84 , 8 ( size , 8& ( ( , 8
forward
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 , , 84 , 8 (

1. >>> def mystar(size, filled):

 2. ... if filled:
3. ... t.begin_fill()
4. ... for x in range(1,19):
5. ... t.forward(size)
6. ... if x % 2 == 0:
7. ... t.left(175)
8. ... else:
9. ... t.left(225)
10. ... if filled:
11. ... t.end_fill()

filled , 8& ( , 8 , 8 , 8 ( - ( , 8 , 8 ( , 8 - (

4 , 8, ( W 4 , 8 ( size , 8& ( , 8 , 8 &3 (
( 3, 8, , 8 , 8 2 &3 ( 4 , 8 , 8 , 8@ , 8 2 , 84 %
, % , % 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 :

>>> t.color(1, 0.85, 0)

>>> mystar(120, True)

( .: ( , 8 4

, 8, 8 @ ( 4 2 8 4 X4 ( 3, 8 4 2 , 8 ( 42 , 8 X4 (

, 84 , 8 ( :

>>> t.color(0,0,0)
>>> mystar(120, False)

( 3, 8, , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets) ( ( ( , 8 , 8 ( 4 Y, 8 ( @ & - , , 84 ( , 8
4 3, 8

. ( , 8 (

& , 8 F, 8 ( , , , 8 ( , 8 ( @ 4 &3 , 8 ( @ , & ( ( 4 Y , 84

( , 8 ( @
se of
T. (Brackets) &3 ( , 8 ( @ , 8 ( @ , , 8 &3 :)

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8
, 3, 8 ( ( - ( , 8 ( ( - H ( 4 Y , 84 , 8, 8 ( @

( .: ( 3, 8 , 3 ( , 8 4

8 :

2 Y, 8 ( @, Y , 8 3? , 8 ( , 8

(, #: ( , (8 , 8 ( , 8 r , 84 3, 8)

8 :

, ( , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 ( 4 , 84 3, 8 , 8 2 v - , 84 3, 8

 &

( ( (
se of
T. (Brackets)

( @ &3 , 8 @ ( Y , ( 3 ....... ( @.... ................ 8 ..... ( 4 !!!

( ( ( @ 4 , , 82 ! ( 4, 84 ( , 8 , 4 ( 8 ( 4 , , 8 ( @, 8 :)
(

& , 8 , 8 ? 4 , 8 r 4 , , 8, 8@ ( 4 ( ( , ( (
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8
, 8 4 ( ( , 8 , ( 4 ( , 8
se of
T. (Brackets , 8
se of
T. (Brackets, , ,- ( , , 8
, 8 , 4 3, 8 , 842 :)
, , 8 ( (
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 ( ( 4 8, 8 , 84 , 8 )
, 8 -4 ( (
se of
T. (Brackets) 2 ( ( - , 8 , 8, 8@ : ( 3 , - ( , ( 2 ( v ( ) , , 8 , 8
( , #3 , 4 3 , 8 ( , 8 , - , 8 - ( - , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8
( , 8
se of
T. (Brackets , 8
se of
T. (Brackets, ,
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , , 84 , 8 , 8, 8@ , 8, - 8 ( , (
( ( ) , , 8 , 8 ( ( @ , 4 3, 8 , 8 , ( , 8 , 8 ( , 8 , -
, 8 - ( @ ( , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8 , 84 3 3, 8 & ( ( ,- ,

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8, 8 , 8, 8@ 8 ( , ( ( ( ) , 8 8, 8
( 24 ( , 8 4 , 8 , 8r 3

, ( (
se of
T. (Brackets) 2 , 84 , - , 8 ( ( ( , , 8 3, , ( 3 8, 8 44 , , 8
4 ( ( & ( , 8 r , 8 @? , 8 4 ( , 8 ( , 8& , , 8
4 ( , 8H ( @ , 8 (3, 84 , 8 , 8 ( , 8 @ ( ) , 8 428 , 8H 4 (
@ ( Y , 8 4, 8 ( , 8 ( @ , , 8 , , 8 , 8 428 , 8H 4 ( @ ( Y , 8 , 8
( , 8 , , 8 , , 8 - , 8 4 ( ( @ , 8H , 84 @ ( ( Y , 8 3, 8 4 4 (
, 8H , 8 , 8 4 4 , 8, ( 44 , , 8 4 ( , 8H 4 3, 8 , 8 3, 8 ( 3 Y , 8@ , 8,
( ( -, 84 ( 24 , & ( , 8, 8 ( 3 q ( , 8 4 ( ( @ Y , 8 4 , 8 4 (
Y , 8 ( ( @ , 8 ( ( 424 , 8, 8 - , 8 2, 8 , 8 ( ( , H ( r 3 , 8 ( @
, ( (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 :)
( 4 ( @ ( Y , 84 , 8 , 8 3, 8 @ ( (
, 8@ 4 3, 8 4 , 8 ( 4 ( , 8 @ ( 44 , , 8 , 84 3, 8 , 8 , ( , 8
4 ( ,

( ( ( (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 ( v ( ( (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 r - , 8 X4 ( 3, 8 , 8 , ( 4 , 8 q (
, 8 ( , 8 4 ( @ ( ( , 8 Y, 8 , 8 4 , 8 428 , 8
:)
, 8 4 , 84 3, 8...

. 4

8, 8 :)
( - ( - ( ( - ( - ( - , 8 ( 4 , 8 , 8 ( @ , 8 ( 4 4 ( 4

( @ , 8@ 8 ( 4 , , 8 3, 8F , ( ( , 8 , 8 8 , 8 :)
X4 ( , 8
, 8 4 , 8 , 8 ( ( - ( 2 & , 8 , 8 ( , 8- , 8 , 4 2 , 84 3, 8

, 8 , 8 ( (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 :)
( @ ( - , 8 , 8, 8@ ( , 8 & , 8, 8@ , 8#, 82 , 8 ( @ v
, 8 , 8 ( 4), ( , 4 ( (
se of
T. (Brackets) - :)
, , 8 ( 4 3, 8F ( , , 8, , 8' 8 , 8 , 8
, , 8 , ( 4 , 8 4 , 8 , 4 , 8 ( , 8' 8 &3 , 8 , 8
@ ( ( , 84 3, 8

, q- &4 , 8 , 8 , , 8 ( ( , , 8, 8@ , , 3 , 8 & q ( ( (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 84 , 8
( ( @, 8 , 84 ( @ 4 ( 4 , , ) , 4 4 4 ( , 84 , 8 ( Quick Draw
Turtle 4 , 8 ( @

( , ( 3 tkinter ( ? 4 4 ? , 8 3, 8F 'Tk interface' ' (

se of
T. (Brackets , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , ')
, 3 , 8 & ( , 8 ( , 8#2 & ( , 8 X4 ( , ( Y, ( 4 ( , 8 , 3 , 8 & (
, ,2 , 8, , ( X4 ( , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 84 , 8 , 8) , , , 8 , , 8
, 8 , , 8 ( , & ( , 8 X4 ( , 84 , 8 ( ( , 8 , 8 , , , 8 :

>>> from tkinter import*

1. >>> tk=Tk()
2. >>> btn = Button(tk,text=click me)
3. >>> btn.pack()

, 8, Tk ( ,, 8 ( , 8, 8 2 , 8 ( @, , 84 4 &3 , 84 , 8 ( -, 8 , 8 &
, , 8, 8 8 3, 8F Tk, ( q ( , 8
se of
T. (Brackets, X4 ( , 8 , 8 428, 84 , 8 & , 8 ( @
, , 8 , 84 , 8 ( 4 ( ( v48 ( ( , 8 , , 8
se of
T. (Brackets, ( 8, 8 ( 24 3, 8 4H48 , 8,
( 4 X4 ( btn -& ( , 8, 8 4 & , , 8 tk , 8 (
, 8& ( ( 3, 8, , 8 , 8, 8@ , 8 , 8& ( ( 3, 8, , 8 , 8, 8@ , 8 'click me'.

 , 8 , 8& (
, 8 , 8& ( &3 ( @ ( ( , ( ,
, 8& ( , 8 4 , 8 , & ( 4m 3, 8F ( , 8 , 8 - , 8 , ( ( r
3, 84 , 8 , 8 , 4 , 8 , 8 :)
( ( 2 , 84 3, 8

3 , 8 , 8 , 8 rectangle (

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8, 8@
, 8 , 8& ( , 8, 8@ width 2 [ height 2 ! 4
, 4 ( 4 3 rectangle(200, 100) - , 8
se of
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>>> def hello():

print('hello there')

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>>> from tkinter import*

>>> tk=Tk()
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>>> btn.pack()

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>>> canvas.pack()

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>>> from tkinter import*

>>> tk=Tk()
>>> canvas=Canvas(tk, width=500,height=500)
>>> canvas.pack()
>>> canvas.create_line(0,0,500,500)

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>>> import turtle

>>> turtle.setup(width=500,height=500)
>>> t=turtle.Pen()
>>> t.up()
>>> t.goto(-250,250)
>>> t.down()
>>> t.goto(500,-500)

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>>> from tkinter import*

>>> tk=Tk()
>>> canvas=Canvas(tk,width=400,height=400)
>>> canvas.pack()
>>> canvas.create_rectangle(10,10,50,50)
1

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, , 8 x [ ( , 8 , , 8 y [ ( , 8 2 , [ , 8 x1, y1 x2,
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>>> canvas.create_rectangle(100,100,300,50)

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>>> canvas.create_rectangle(100,200,150,350)

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>>> import random

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>>> def random_rectangle(width,height):

... x1=random.randrange(width)
y1=random.randrange(height)
x2=random.randrange(x1+random.randrage(width))
y2=random.randrange(y1+random.randrange(height))
canvas.create_rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2)

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>>> random_rectangle(400,400)

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>>> for x in range(0,100):

random_rectangle(400,400)

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>>> def random_rectangle(width,height,fill_colour):

x1=random.randrange(width)
y1=random.randrange(height)
x2=random.randrange(x1+random.randrange(width))
y2=random.randrange(y1+random.randrange(height))
canvas.create_rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2,fill=fill_colour)

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 >>> random_rectangle(400,400,'green')
>>> random_rectangle(400,400,'red')
>>> random_rectangle(400,400,'blue')
>>> random_rectangle(400,400,'orange')
>>> random_rectangle(400,400,'yellow')
>>> random_rectangle(400,400,'pink')
>>> random_rectangle(400,400,'purple')
>>> random_rectangle(400,400,'violet')
>>> random_rectangle(400,400,'magenta')
>>> random_rectangle(400,400,'cyan')

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>>> random_rectangle(400,400,'#ffd800')

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>>> def hexcolor(red,green,blue):

red=255*(red/100.0)
green=255*(green/100.0)
blue=255*(blue/100.0)
return '#%02x%02x%02x'%(red,gree,blue)'

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>>> print(hexcolor(100,85,0))
#ffd800

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>>> print(hexcolor(98,1,77))
#f902c4

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>>> random_rectangle(400,400,hexcolor(98,1,77))

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>>> canvas.create_arc(10,10,200,100,extent=180,style=ARC)

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 >>> canvas.create_arc(10,10,200,80,extent=45,style=ARC)
>>> canvas.create_arc(10,80,200,160,extent=90,style=ARC)
>>> canvas.create_arc(10,160,200,240,extent=135,style=ARC)
>>> canvas.create_arc(10,240,200,320,extent=180,style=ARC)
>>> canvas.create_arc(10,320,200,400,extent=359,style=ARC)

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>>> tk=Tk()
>>> canvas=Canvas(tk,width=400,height=400)
>>> canvas.pack()
>>> canvas.create_oval(1,1,300,200)

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>>> canvas.create_rectangle(1,1,300,200,outline=#ff0000)

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>>> tk=Tk()
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 >>> from tkinter import*
>>> tk=Tk()
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>>> canvas.pack()
>>> canvas.create_polygon(10,10,100,10,100,50,fill=,outline=black)

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1. >>> from tkinter import*

2. >>> tk=Tk()
3. >>> canvas=Canvas(tk,width=400,height=400)
4. >>> canvas.pack()
5. >>> myimage=PhotoImage(file='test.gif')
6. >>> canvas.create_image(0,0,image=myimage,anchor=NW)

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1. >>> import time

2. >>> from tkinter import*
3. >>> tk=Tk()
4. >>> canvas=Canvas(tk,width=400,height=400)
5. >>> canvas.pack()
6. >>> canvas.create_polygon(10,10,10,60,50,35)
7. 1
8. >>> for x in range(0,60):
9. canvas.move(1,5,0)
10. tk.update()
11. time.sleep(0.05)

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>>> i mport time

>>> tk = Tk()
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>>> canvas.pack()
>>> canvas.create_polygon(10, 10, 10, 60, 50, 35)
1

>>> for x in range(0, 60):

... canvas.move(1, 5, 5)
... tk.update()
... time.sleep(0.05)
...

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>>> import time

>>> for x in range(0, 60):
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... canvas.move(1, 5, 0)

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>>> from tkinter import *

>>> tk = Tk()
>>> canvas = Canvas(tk, width=400, height=400)
>>> canvas.pack()
>>> canvas.create_polygon(10, 10, 10, 60, 50, 35)
>>> def movetriangle(event):
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...
>>> canvas.bind_all(<KeyPress-Return>, movetriangle)

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>>> def movetriangle(event):

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... elif event.keysym == Left:
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... else:
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>>> from tkinter import *

>>> tk = Tk()
>>> canvas = Canvas(tk, width=400, height=400)
>>> canvas.pack()
>>> canvas.create_polygon(10, 10, 10, 60, 50, 35)
1
>>> def movetriangle(event):
if event.keysym == Up:
canvas.move(1, 0, -3)
... elif event.keysym == Down:
canvas.move(1, 0, 3)
elif event.keysym == Left:
canvas.move(1, -3, 0)
else:
... canvas.move(1, 3, 0)
...
>>> canvas.bind_all(<KeyPress-Up>, movetriangle)
>>> canvas.bind_all(<KeyPress-Down>, movetriangle)
>>> canvas.bind_all(<KeyPress-Left>, movetriangle)
>>> canvas.bind_all(<KeyPress-Right>, movetriangle)
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i_am_a_python_module_that_is_not_very_useful

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>>> import i_am_a_python_module_that_is_not_very_useful

>>>
>>>
i_am_a_python_module_that_is_not_very_useful.do_something()
I have done something
>>>
i_am_a_python_module_that_is_not_very_useful.do_something_else()
I have done something else!

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( ( , 8 , , 8 , 84 ):

>>> import i_am_a_python_module_that_is_not_very_useful as

notuseful
>>>
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I have done something
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I have done something else!

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... if x == age:
... print(end counting)
... break

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counting 6
counting 7
counting 8
counting 9
counting 10
end counting

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>>> print(what_i_want)
[remote controlled car, new bike, video game]

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hello there

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>>> exec(myvar)
hello there

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>>> print(gmtime())
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
Name : name gmtime is not defined

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...
global a
...
a = 1
...
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>>> print(a)
1
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File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
Name error: name b is not defined

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elif toy_price > 100:
print(That toy is expensive)
else:
print(I would like that toy)

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...
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elif age == 4:
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if age < 10 or age > 10:

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>>> if friend == Rasel or friend == Robi:

...
print(The Robin)
... elif friend == Belal or friend == Bobi:
...
print(The Babita)

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... print(older than 10)

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>>> if age > 10:

...

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File "<stdin>", line 2

^
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>>> for x in range(1,7):

... print(x is %s % x)
... if x == 5:
... pass

se of
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print
print 8 ,2 , 8 , 8, , 8 ( a , ( - ( , 8 ( , 8 , 8 :

print(hello there)
print(10)
print(x)

raise
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return
return 8 ,2 &3 3
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 >>> def mymoney():
... return money_amount

4 (
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>>> money = mymoney()

(
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>>> print(mymoney())

try
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>>> x = 1
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>>> x = 1
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bool
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True
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True
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True

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False
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True

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1

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0
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1

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-1

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dir
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>>> dir(1)
[__abs__, __add__, __and__, __class__, __cmp__,
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__getattribute__,

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__xor__]

( , 8
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dir ( ( 4, 8 ( 3, , 8 , 8 , 8 ......

>>> dir(a)
[__add__, __class__, __contains__, __delattr__, __doc__,
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replace, rfind, rindex,
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se of
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se of
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>>> print(aaaaa.capitalize())
Aaaaa

...isalnum ( ( ( ( a &
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T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8& ( ( 3, , 8 (3 , 8 , 8 - , 8 , 8 , 8 3 ( ( , 8
, 8 ( , 8 exec 8 ,2 , 84 , ( , 8 ( @ ( - , 8 , 8 exec ( , 8 4 ( (
( a -4 @ , 8 ( X4 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 ( eval 4 , 8 , , 8
( 3, , 8 ( 4 ( , 8, :

>>> eval(10*5)
50

file

se of
T. (Brackets) ( (
se of
T. (Brackets) X4 ( -4, 8 , 8 , 8 ( 2
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 -4, 8 4 &, 8 , 84
(
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets , ( @, 84) , 8, 8, ( 4 4 (
se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , , , 8 2
, & , 8 ( ( 4 , 84 , 8 , 8

float
float
se of
T. (Brackets) ( ( a - ( floating point- , 8 , 8 , 8 ( floating point
3, 8 ( ( [ , 3 , 8 , 8 ( , ( 4& , 8 3

3 , 8, 10 3 ( integer ( ( , 8, 8 ( 3, 8, , 8 3) ( , 8 10.0, 10.1,

10.253, , 8 , 8 , , 8 ( , & (floats) 3 4 ( ( ( a - floating , 8 ( 4
, 84 , 8 , 8 - , 8:

>>> float(12)
12.0

4 ( ( ( a - -4, 8 - , 8 ( [ &3 , 84 , 8 , 8 :

>>> float(123.456789)
123.456789

4 ( - , 8 ( , 8 float , 84 , 8 , 8 :

>>> float(200)
200.0

4 ( ( floating , 8 ( floating point , 8 ( 4 , 84 , 8 , 8 :

>>> float(100.123)
100.123

4 ( ( float- 4, 8 , 8 , 8 0.0.

int
int
se of
T. (Brackets) ( ( ( a , 8 ( , 8, 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 ( integer)
3 , 8:

 >>> int(123.456)
123
>>> int(123)
123

( , 8 float
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8 4 ( ( ( floating point , 8 ( a -
, 8 , 84 4, 8 ( 42 , 8:

>>> int(123.456)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 123.456

3 , 4 ( ( ( int 2, 8
se of
T. (Brackets @ , , 8 4, 8 4 ( 0
se of
T. (Brackets) 4 , 8 , 8

len
len
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 , 8 length- ( 2 , 8 ( ( a , 8 ( ( a , 8 , 8 ( 2
, 8

>>> len(this is a test string)

21

4 ( , 8, 8 (tuple) , 8 ( , 8 , 8 ( 2 , 8 :

>>> mylist = [ a, b, c, d ]
>>> print(len(mylist))
4
>>> mytuple = (1,2,3,4,5,6)
>>> print(len(mytuple))
6

( & , 8, 8 , 8 ( , 2 4 ( ( 2 , 8 :

>>> mymap = { a : 100, b : 200, c : 300 }

>>> print(len(mymap))
3

4 ( len
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , , 8, 8 ( &3 , 8 , 8 loops , 8 4 ( ( ( 4 ( , 8 , 8
, 84 4 3, 8 ( , 8 , ( &3 , 84 , 8 , 8 :

>>> mylist = [ a, b, c, d ]
>>> for item in mylist:
... print(item)

4 ( (a, b, c, d) , , 8 , 8 (

se of
T. (Brackets , 8 , 8 - ( 4 ( ( 4 ( ( 4 ( , 8 , 8 , # (
, 84 , 8 4, 8 ( 3, 8 ? , 8 4 ( length , 84 , 8 ( , , 8 4 (
, 84 , 8 (

 >>> mylist = [ a, b, c, d ]
>>> length = len(mylist)
>>> for x in range(0, length):
... print(the item at index %s is %s % (x, mylist[x]))
...
the item at index 0 is a
the item at index 1 is b
the item at index 2 is c
the item at index 3 is d

4 ( length ( - ( , 8 length v , , 84 , 8 ( - ( , 8 (

, 8 , 8 X4 ( ,
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 &3 , 84 , 8 (

max
( 4 ( , , 8, 8 ( ( ( a , 8 , , 82 ! , 8 ( 2 , 8 max
se of
T. (Brackets) 3 , 8:

>>> mylist = [ 5, 4, 10, 30, 22 ]

>>> print(max(mylist))
30

( ( a , 8 , 8 , 8 ( v , 8H , 8 ( [ v , 8H , 8 4, 8 ( , 8 :

>>> s = a,b,d,h,g
>>> print(max(s))
h

4 ( ( 4 ( , 8 ( a , 8 , 4 , 8

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 -4, 8 , , ( max &3
, 8 , 8 2, 8
se of
T. (Brackets , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8

>>> print(max(10, 300, 450, 50, 90))

450

min
max , 84 - , 8 min
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 , 8 4, 8 ( 4 ( / , 8 / ( a , 8 , , 8, 8 @ (
( 2 , 8

>>> mylist = [ 5, 4, 10, 30, 22 ]

>>> print(min(mylist))
4

range

se of
T. (Brackets) ( 4 for-loop , 8 &3 3, ( , 8 ( @ , 8 ,, 3 , 8 H
3 , 2 , 8 & , 8 range ( , 8 , 8 , 8 ( @, 4 , 8 ( @ ( , 8 ( ( 2, 8
se of
T. (Brackets
&3 3 ( ( ( 4 ( 2, 8, 8
se of
T. (Brackets &3 ( , 8 2, 8, 8
se of
T. (Brackets ( @ 3
3 :
>>> for x in range(0, 5):
...

 print(x)
...
0
1
2
3
4

4 ( 3, 84 , 84 , 8 , 8 ,

se of
T. (Brackets) , ( 4& , 8 , 8 2 , 8 , 8 ( 2 , 8 (, 8
iterator , 8 )
se of
T. (Brackets) - , 8, 8 &, 8 , 8 4 ( , 8 ( (iterator) 4 ( , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8
( , 8 r ( ( , , 8, 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets) &3 ) 4 4 ( ( , 8 , 8 , 8 ( 2
(
se of
T. (Brackets , 4, 8 -4 , 84 , 8 , 8

>>> print(list(range(0, 5)))

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

4 ( ( 4 ( , 8 , 8 - ( , 8 ( 3, 8, , 8 & , 3, 8 ( @ 4 ( , 8 elsewhere

( 3, 8, , 8 &3 3, 8F:

>>> my_list_of_numbers = list(range(0, 30))

>>> print(my_list_of_numbers)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29]

, 2 4H48 2, 8
se of
T. (Brackets (3 , 8 , 8 , , 8 step 3 ( ( 2, 8
se of
T. (Brackets 3, 8 start stop)
( step
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( 4 ( 34 3 ( :)
- , 8 4 ( start stop , 8) 4 3, 8
, 8#2 ( 2 ( 4- , 8 &3 3, 8 ( ( 3, 8 4 ( step &3 , 8? ( , 8 3 , 8 :

>>> my_list_of_numbers = list(range(0, 30, 2))

>>> print(my_list_of_numbers)
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28]
4 ( ( 4 ( , 8#, 82 , 8 , 8 ( , 8@ H3 step &3 , 84 , 8 ( :

>>> mylist = list(range(0, 500, 50))

>>> print(mylist)
[0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450]
( , 8 , 8 2 ( 4 ( X4 ( , 8 ( ( , 8 , 8 ), ( 4 , 8 H (
, 8

sum
sum
se of
T. (Brackets) 4 ( , 8 , 8 ( , , ( 2 , 8 3 , 8:

>>> mylist = list(range(0, 500, 50))

>>> print(mylist)
[0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450]
>>> print(sum(mylist))
2250

, 8 ( ( r C

, 8 , 8 ( @ ( ,

, , 8 @ sorts , 8 , 8 , 8 ( , , 8, 8@ 4 ( ( , , 8 , , , 8 2 , 84 4, 8
docs.python.org/modindex.html ( W ( , 8 , 8 , 8 ,, 8, 8
se of
T. (Brackets , 84 , 8 , 8 , 8
( &4 , 8 ( ( , , , , 8 2 , 8 , 8 4, 8 4 :)
( , 4 2 42 , 4 ( (
, 8 , 8 ,, 8, 8
se of
T. (Brackets , 8 , 4, 8 , , 8 4 ( ( ,, 8 ( 82 4 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 ( @ , , 8
(

The random module

4 ( ( , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 8 2 , & , 8 ( , &
, 84 , 8, 4 3, 8 4 ( , 8 & , ( , ( , 84 , 8 , 8 & ,
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( , & , 8
, 8 , 8 428 & , , 8 :)
, 8 8 , 8 ( , , 8 ( , & , 8 4, 8
, 84 & , ( ,
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 , 8 , ( ( ( , 8 ( ( ,
se of
T. (Brackets (randint),
, 8, (choice)
se of
T. (Brackets) (shue) , 8 :)

se of
T. (Brackets) & , , 8 (
& , , 8 4, 8 , 8 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 - , ,
, 8 , 8 ) 3 , 8 :

>>> import random

>>> print(random.randint(1, 100))
58
>>> print(random.randint(100, 1000))
861
>>> print(random.randint(1000, 5000))
3795

( &3 , 8 while loop- , 3 , 8 & ( , 8 , 84 , 8 ( :

import random
import sys
num = random.randint(1, 100)
while True:
print(Guess a number between 1 and 100)
chk = sys.stdin.readline()
i = int(chk)
if i == num:
print(You guessed right)
break
elif i < num:
print(Try higher)
elif i > num:
print(Try lower)

4 ( ( 4 ( , 8 4 ( ( 4 ( , 8 ( & , , 8 4 , 84 4, 8 choice

&3 , 84 , 8 , 8 3 , 8:

 >>> import random
>>> list1 = [ a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h ]
>>> print(random.choice(list1))
c
>>> list2 = [ ice cream, pancakes, trifle, pavlova,
sponge ]
>>> print(random.choice(list2))
trifle

, 2, 8, 8 4 ( ( ( ( , 8 4 ( X4 ( , 84 4, 8 shue &3 , 8 ( ,2
se of
T. (Brackets)
):

>>> import random

>>> list1 = [ a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h ]
>>> list2 = [ ice cream, pancakes, trifle, pavlova,
sponge ]
>>> random.shuffle(list1)
>>> print(list1)
[h, e, a, b, c, g, f, d]
>>> random.shuffle(list2)
>>> print(list2)
[pancakes, ice cream, sponge, trifle, pavlova]

The sys module

sys ( , , 8#2
se of
T. (Brackets) system- , 8 , 8 , 8 ( 8
se of
T. (Brackets) sys ( @ , 8 8

se of
T. (Brackets) 3 : exit, stdin, stdout, and version

, 8 , 8 , 8, , 8 ( , 8 :)
exit

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( , 8 3 , 8 4 ( ( , 8 :

>>> import sys

>>> sys.exit()

4 3, 8 , 8 , 8, , 8 , 8 4 ( ( , , 8 2 , 8

se of
T. (Brackets, , & ( ( &3 , 8@
4 , 8 ( -2 , 8 ( ( - ( @ , 84 , 8 , 8 - (
se of
T. (Brackets) 3, 8 , 8 , 8, , 8
( , 8

Stdin &3 3, 8, 8@ , 8 , 8 [ , 8 ( & ), ( , 8 , 3 & , 8 ( (
&3 , 8 , 8 , 84, 3 , 8 :

>>> import sys

>>> myvar = sys.stdin.readline()
this is a test value
>>> print(myvar)
this is a test value

, 8, , 8 , 8, ( , 8 84 , 8 ( 4 3, 8 Stdout ( @ , 8 ( , 8 ( , 8
se of
T. (Brackets , 84 3, ( (
, 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 84 4 , 8 , 8 stdout, print , 8 ( , 8 8

 >>> import sys
>>> l = sys.stdout.write(this is a test)
this is a test>>>

, 8 >>> prompt , 8F? ( , 4 ( , 8, , 8 , 8 , 8 4 (

write- , 8 ( ( m- , 8 , 8 428 , 8 , 8 , 8, write &3 :)
, 8
, 84 3, 8 4 3, 8 :

>>> import sys

>>> l = sys.stdout.write(this is a test\n)
this is a test
>>>

(, 8 , 84 3, 8 , stdout.write & , 8 , 8 , 8 ( 2 , 8 )

\n 3 4 , 8 , , 8 , 8 & , 8 ( 4 ( enter 8 , 8, 8 , 8, 84) , , 8 , 8 & , 8 3, 8 ( ( , 8
& , 8 4 ( ( a ( 3, 8, , 8 &3 , 84 , 8 , 8 4 ( ( , , ( , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8
3 , 8, 4 ( ( , 8 ( 4 , 8 ( a X4 ( , 84 4 :)

se of
T. (Brackets , 8, 8
4, 8 4 ( ( , 84 , 8 , 8:

>>> s = test test

File "<stdin>", line 1
s = test test
^
SyntaxError: EOL while scanning single-quoted string

4 ( , 8 ( , 842 ( , 8, 8 & , 8 &3 , 84 , 8 , 8 :

>>> s = test test\ntest

, , 8, 8 version 3 ( , 8 , 8 , , 8 , 8 - , 2 , 8 &[ , 8 :

>>> import sys

>>> print(sys.version)
2.5.1c1 (release25-maint, Apr 12 2007, 21:00:25)
[GCC 4.1.2 (Ubuntu 4.1.2-0ubuntu4)]

The time module

, 8 , 8 ( , ( ( ,, , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 ... 4 , , 8 ( ,, , 8 , 8 4 ( (

se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 4, 8

se of
T. (Brackets)
se of
T. (Brackets) ( 3, , 8 4 ( , 8 4 , 84 , 8 , 8 :

>>> import time

>>> print(time.time())
1179918604.34

time()
se of
T. (Brackets) v , ( 4& , 8 2 1st January 1970 (00:00:00am , ( W - , 8) , 8 , , 8
se of
T. (Brackets,, 3 ( 2 , 8
4 ( 3, 84 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 , 84 8 ( &3 , 8 ( ( 2r , 8 , 8 3 , 8,

4 ( ( ( ( X4 ( , 8 , 84 r , 8 , ( 4 4 , 8 , 4, 8 4 (
,2 , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8 4 ( 4 , 8 4 , 84 , 8 , 8 3 , 8, , 8
, (
se of
T. (Brackets , 84 4 , , 8? 4 ( ( , 84 , 3, 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets) X4 ( , 84 , 8 , 8 :

>>> def lots_of_numbers(max):

... for x in range(0, max):
... print(x)

4, 8
se of
T. (Brackets) , 84 , 8 , 8 :

>>> lots_of_numbers(100000)

( ( , 84 4 , ( , 8 ( @ , 4, 8

se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 ( 42 , 8 ( , &3
, 84 , 8 ( :

>>> def lots_of_number(max):

... t1 = time.time()
... for x in range(0, max):
... print(x)
... t2 = time.time()
... print(it took %s seconds % (t2-t1))

, 8 ( , 8 , 84 , 8 ( :

>>> lots_of_numbers(100000)
0
1
2
3
.
.
.
99997
99998
99999
it took 6.92557406425 seconds

( - , 8 , 8 ? time()

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , - ( , 8 t1 :)
, , 8 ( @
4, 8 , 8 H ( , 8 , , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets , 8 ( @ , 8 time()
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( @
, , 8 - ( , 8, 8 ( 3, , 8 t2 ( 2 , 8 ( @ , 84 , 8 , , 8
se of
T. (Brackets, , 8 ( @
, 8 t2 ( t1 (, , 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets, 1 Jan 1970 , 8 3, 8 H ( , 8 ( F ) , 8 ( ( @ , 4
st

( t1 , 8 t2 4 3, 8 , 8 3 , 84 , 8 , (

se of
T. (Brackets

Time ( ,, 8 , 8 , 8 (

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8@ : asctime, ctime, local-time, sleep, strftime, and
strptime.

asctime ( , 8 ( 3, 8, , 8 4 ( , 8 ( , 8 (, 8 , 84 3, 8 ( , 8 3, 8 4 (
, 8 ( 42 ) ( ( , 8W, 8 &
se of
T. (Brackets) , 82 , 8 , 8 2, 8
se of
T. (Brackets @ ( , 8

 ( 42 , 4 ( , 8W, 8 &
se of
T. (Brackets) , 82 2 , 8

>>> import time

>>> print(time.asctime())
Sun May 27 20:11:12 2007

( 2, 8
se of
T. (Brackets , 3 ( , 8 , 8 , , 8 , 8 4 ( , , 8 :)
, ( W , 3 ( , 8
X4 ( , 84 3, 8 , 8 ( , 8 & , ( t - ( , 8, 8 , 8 &

>>> t = (2007, 5, 27, 10, 30, 48, 6, 0, 0)

, 8 , 8 m 3, 8F @ , , , ( ,

se of
T. (Brackets , ( ( , , , 8
se of
T. (Brackets,, , , 83 ( ( 3, 8 , , 3, 8
- , 8 ( , 8 2 ) , 2, 8, 8 @, 8 ( ( , , ( - ( 4
(, , ( - 3, 8 , 3, 8 ) , 8, 8 ( asctime ( 4 3, 8 , 8 , 8 :

>>> import time

>>> t = (2007, 5, 27, 10, 30, 48, 6, 0, 0)
>>> print(time.asctime(t))
Sun May 27 10:30:48 2007

( , 8, 8 , , , 84 3, 8 4 ( ( ( - , 8 4, 8 2 ( 38 4 (

, 8:

>>> import time

>>> t = (2007, 5, 27, 10, 30, 48, 0, 0, 0)
>>> print(time.asctime(t))
Mon May 27 10:30:48 2007

'day of the week' ( 3, , 8 ( 2 3, 8 ( @ ( , 8 ( , 842), 4 asctime ( , 8

, 8, 4 ( , , ( , , 8 ( @ ( ctime
se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8 , , 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets, , 8 ( 42
:)
&3 3 3 , 8, , 8 & & , 84 time()
se of
T. (Brackets) ( &3
, 8 ( @ :

>>> import time

>>> t = time.time()
>>> print(t)
1180264952.57
>>> print(time.ctime(t))
Sun May 27 23:22:32 2007

se of
T. (Brackets) ( ( , ( 3, 8, , 8 4 ( , , 8 ( 2 , 8 ( , 8 ( 3, 8, , 8
&3 , 8 ( @ , ( 3 4 4 2 , 8 :

>>> import time

>>> print(time.localtime())
(2007, 5, 27, 23, 25, 47, 6, 147, 0)

, 8 asctime ( 3, 8, , 8 , 8 , , 84 , 8 ( :

 >>> import time
>>> t = time.localtime()
>>> print(time.asctime(t))
Sun May 27 23:27:22 2007

4 ( ( ( , 8 ( ( ( 2r , ( , 8 , 84 4 sleep

se of
T. (Brackets) ( , 8
, 8 3 , 8, 4 ( ( ( 4 , , 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets, ( , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets , 84 4 3, 8 loop &3 , 8
( ,
se of
T. (Brackets) 3, 84 , 8 , 8 :

>>> for x in range(1, 61):

...
print(x)
...
1
2
3
4

( , , 8 , , 8 , 8 , 8 2 (

se of
T. (Brackets , 8 4 ( ( , 8 , 8 ( 4 ( (
se of
T. (Brackets , 8, 8
se of
T. (Brackets , 8
, , 8 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets, :)
3, 84 4 3, 8 :

>>> for x in range(1, 61):

...
print(x)
...
time.sleep(1)
...

4 3, 8 ( 4 ( , 8 2, 8 , 8 ( , ( ( ( 4 3, 8 ( ( 4 , , 8

se of
T. (Brackets,) ( ( , (
3, 84 ( 4, 8 , , 8 3, 84 , 8 , 8 ( ( , , 8 4, 8 4 8 3, 84
, 8 , 8 4 ( 4 2 ( , 8 , 84 , 8 , 8 4 , 8 ( 4 ( , , 8 ( , 8 4 (
( (/) , 8 , 8 , 8 4 ( ( @ , , 8 :)
, 8 4 , 8 , 8 :)
( @ , ( 4
4 , 8 , , 8 :)
, ) sleep
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8, 8 4 , 8 8

strftime
se of
T. (Brackets) 4 ( , , 8 ( 24 , 8 , 8 ( 42, 8 , 8 ( 3, , 8 &3 3 strptime
( ( a ( , 84 4 ( /, , 8, 8 , 8 ( 42 , 8 &3 3 , 8 , 8 strftime
( , 4, 8 4 , 8 , 84 3, 8 ( - , 8 asctime &3 , 8 , 8 , 8 ( a , 8 , 8 ( 42 3:

>>> t = (2007, 5, 27, 10, 30, 48, 6, 0, 0)

>>> print(time.asctime(t))
Sun May 27 10:30:48 2007

( , 8 - , 8 ( ( 3, 8 4 ( - , 8 ( a ( 24 3 , - , 8 ( a 2

, 84 , 8 ( 3, 8 4 ( ( 4 ( , 2 , 84 ? ( , 84 , 8 (
strftime
se of
T. (Brackets) v :

 >>> print(time.strftime(%d %b %Y, t))
27 May 2007

4 ( , 84 , 8 , 8, strftime ( 2, 8

se of
T. (Brackets ( , 84 , 8 , 8 : ( date/time
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8, 8 ( 2 , 8 ( - , 8
4 ( , 2 , 8) ( v48 ( , 8 time- , 8 %d %b %Y
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 v
, , 8 ( , , 8, 8 , , 8 @ 2 , 8 , , 8 ( ( 3, , 8 , 84
, 8 ( , 3 , 8:

>>> print(time.strftime(%d/%m/%Y, t))

27/05/2007

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 , 8 , , 8 ( , 8, 4 , 8 ( forward-slash , 8, 4, 8 , , 8 (
( 3, , 8 , 8, 4 , 8 forward-slash , 8, 8 @ , 8 , & ( - , 8@
(
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8, 8 2 , 84 , 8 ( :

%a , , 83 ( , 8 2, 8 ( , ( - , 2 ( 3 , 8- Mon, Tues, Wed, Thurs, Fri,

Sat, and Sun)
%A , , 83 , 8, 8 (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday)
%b , 8, , ( , 8 - , 2 (Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct , Nov, Dec)
%B , 8, , 8, 8 (January, February, March, April, May, and so on)
%c , 8, 8 4 ( , , asctime &3 , 8 , 84
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( 3, , 8 &3 3
%d ( 3, , 8 , 8, ( ( ( , 8 , 8 2 )
%H ( , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets ,
se of
T. (Brackets
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( , 8 , 8 2 )
%I ( , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets ,
se of
T. (Brackets
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( , 8 , 8 2 )
%j ( 3, , 8 @, 8 ( ( ( , 8 , 8 2 )
%m ( 3, , 8 , ( , 8 , 8 2 )
%M ( 3, , 8 ( ( ( , 8 , 8 2 )
%p , , 8 AM PM
%S ( 3, , 8 , , 8
se of
T. (Brackets,
%U ( 3, , 8 ( @, 8 , , 83 ( , 8 , 8 2 )
%w , , 83 ( ( ( 3, , 8 ( , , , ( , 8 2
%x , ( 4 (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 (, 4 month/day/year- 3 , 8- // )
%X , , 8 ( ,
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 (, 4 hour:minutes:seconds- 3 , 8- 10:30:53)
%y @ ( , ( ( 3, , 8 ( 3 , 8- 3, 84 , 8 , 8 )
%Y @ ( , ( , 8 ( - )

strptime
se of
T. (Brackets) strftime
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( W , 8 strftime ( ( a - , 8 ( 3, 8, , 8 , 8 , 8
, 8 4 ( , , 8 ( , ,
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8 ( a , 8 , 8 (3 , 8
se of
T. (Brackets) ( &3 , 8

 ( 3 :

>>> import time

>>> t = time.strptime(05 Jun 2007, %d %b %Y)
>>> print(t)
(2007, 6, 5, 0, 0, 0, 1, 156, -1)

( , 8 ( a , 8 4 ( 3 day/month/year ( 3 ( 3, , 8- 01/02/2007), &3 , 84 , 8 ( :

>>> import time

>>> t = time.strptime(01/02/2007, %d/%m/%Y)
>>> print(t)
(2007, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 32, -1)

4 ( ( 3 month/day/year, 4 3, 8 &3 , 84 , 8 ( :

>>> import time

>>> t = time.strptime(03/05/2007, %m/%d/%Y)
>>> print(t)
(2007, 3, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 64, -1)

q - , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets) &3 , 84 , 8 ( , ( ( a :)
, 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8, 8 , 8 ( 42
, 8 , , 8 (
se of
T. (Brackets) ( 3, , 8 ( ( :

>>> import time

>>> def convert_date(datestring, format1, format2):
... t = time.strptime(datestring, format1)
... return time.strftime(format2, t)
...

se of
T. (Brackets) &3 , 84 , 8 ( 4 ( ( a
se of
T. (Brackets) , 8, 8 , 8 ( 42 , 84 4 , 8

se of
T. (Brackets) , 8, 8 4 ( ( 2 , 84 4 3, 8 :

>>> print(convert_date(03/05/2007, %m/%d/%Y, %d %B %Y))

05 March 2007

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>>> toys = [ car, Nintendo Wii, computer, bike ]

>>> foods = [ pancakes, chocolate, ice cream ]
>>> favourites = toys + foods
>>> print(favourites)
[car, Nintendo Wii, computer, bike, pancakes,
chocolate, ice cream]

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>>> print(3 * 25 + 10 * 32)

395

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>>> print((3 * 25) + (10 * 32))

395

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>>> first_name = Maria
>>> second_name = Ahamed
>>> print(My name is %s %s % (first_name, second_name))
My name is Mary Ahamed

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>>> import turtle

>>> t = turtle.Pen()
>>> t.forward(150)
>>> t.left(90)
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.left(90)
>>> t.forward(150)
>>> t.left(90)
>>> t.forward(50)

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 >>> import turtle
>>> t = turtle.Pen()
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>>> t.left(90)
>>> t.forward(70)

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>>> for x in range(0, 20):

print(hello %s % x)
if x < 9:
... break
hello 0

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>>> amount = 100

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 >>> amount = 100
>>> print(amount * 0.03)
3.0

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>>> amount = 100

>>> for year in range(1, 11):
... interest = amount * 0.03
print(interest earned for year %s is %s % (year,
interest))
amount = amount + interest
...
interest earned for year 1 is 3.0
interest earned for year 2 is 3.09
interest earned for year 3 is 3.1827
interest earned for year 4 is 3.278181
interest earned for year 5 is 3.37652643
interest earned for year 6 is 3.4778222229
interest earned for year 7 is 3.58215688959
interest earned for year 8 is 3.68962159627
interest earned for year 9 is 3.80031024416
interest earned for year 10 is 3.91431955149

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>>> amount = 100

>>> for year in range(1, 11):
interest = amount * 0.03
print(interest earned for savings %s for year %s is %s %
(amount, year, interest))
amount = amount + interest
...
interest earned for savings 100 for year 1 is 3.0
interest earned for savings 103.0 for year 2 is 3.09
interest earned for savings 106.09 for year 3 is 3.1827
interest earned for savings 109.2727 for year 4 is 3.278181
interest earned for savings 112.550881 for year 5 is 3.37652643
interest earned for savings 115.92740743 for year 6 is 3.4778222229
interest earned for savings 119.405229653 for year 7 is 3.58215688959
interest earned for savings 122.987386542 for year 8 is 3.68962159627
interest earned for savings 126.677008139 for year 9 is 3.80031024416
interest earned for savings 130.477318383 for year 10 is 3.91431955149

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>>> def calculate_interest(amount, rate):

... for year in range(1, 11):
... interest = amount * rate
... print(interest earned for savings %s for year %s is %s %
... (amount, year, interest))
... amount = amount + interest

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>>> calculate_interest(100, 0.03)

interest earned for savings 100 for year 1 is 3.0
interest earned for savings 103.0 for year 2 is 3.09
interest earned for savings 106.09 for year 3 is 3.1827
interest earned for savings 109.2727 for year 4 is 3.278181
interest earned for savings 112.550881 for year 5 is 3.37652643
interest earned for savings 115.92740743 for year 6 is 3.4778222229
interest earned for savings 119.405229653 for year 7 is 3.58215688959
interest earned for savings 122.987386542 for year 8 is 3.68962159627
interest earned for savings 126.677008139 for year 9 is 3.80031024416
interest earned for savings 130.477318383 for year 10 is 3.91431955149

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>>> def calculate_interest(amount, rate, years):

... for year in range(1, years):
... interest = amount * rate
... print(interest earned for savings %s for year %s is %s %
... (amount, year, interest))
... amount = amount + interest

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>>> calculate_interest(1000, 0.05, 6)

interest earned for savings 1000 for year 1 is 50.0
interest earned for savings 1050.0 for year 2 is 52.5
interest earned for savings 1102.5 for year 3 is 55.125
interest earned for savings 1157.625 for year 4 is 57.88125
interest earned for savings 1215.50625 for year 5 is 60.7753125

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>>> import sys
>>> def calculate_interest():
... print(Enter the amount you have to save)
... amount = float(sys.stdin.readline())
print(Enter the interest rate)
rate = float(sys.stdin.readline())
... print(Enter the number of years)
... years = int(sys.stdin.readline())
for year in range(1, years):
interest = amount * rate
print(interest earned for savings %s for year %s is %s %
... (amount, year, interest))
... amount = amount + interest

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>>> calculate_interest()
Enter the amount you have to save
500
Enter the interest rate
0.06
Enter the number of years
12
interest earned for savings 500.0 for year 1 is 30.0
interest earned for savings 530.0 for year 2 is 31.8
interest earned for savings 561.8 for year 3 is 33.708
interest earned for savings 595.508 for year 4 is 35.73048
interest earned for savings 631.23848 for year 5 is 37.8743088
interest earned for savings 669.1127888 for year 6 is 40.146767328
interest earned for savings 709.259556128 for year 7 is 42.5555733677
interest earned for savings 751.815129496 for year 8 is 45.1089077697
interest earned for savings 796.924037265 for year 9 is 47.8154422359
interest earned for savings 844.739479501 for year 10 is 50.6843687701
interest earned for savings 895.423848271 for year 11 is 53.7254308963

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import turtle
t = turtle.Pen()
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.right(45)
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.right(45)
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.right(45)
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.right(45)
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.right(45)

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>>> t.right(45)
>>> t.forward(50)
>>> t.right(45)
>>> t.forward(50)

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>>> def octagon(red, green, blue):

... t.color(red, green, blue)
... t.begin_fill()
... for x in range(0,8):
... t.forward(50)
... t.right(45)
... t.end_fill()

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