Strength of Materials PDF

CHAPTER 6
PROBLEM 6.1
Three boards, each of 1.5 3.5-in. rectangular cross section, are nailed
together to form a beam that is subjected to a vertical shear of 250 lb.
Knowing that the spacing between each pair of nails is 2.5 in., determine
the shearing force in each nail.
SOLUTION
1 3 1
I = bh = (3.5)(4.5)3 = 26.578 in 4
12 12
A = (3.5)(1.5) = 5.25 in 2
y1 = 1.5 in.
Q = Ay1 = 7.875 in 3
VQ (250)(7.875)
q= = = 74.074 lb/in
I 26.578
qs (74.074)(2.5)
qs = 2 Fnail Fnail = = Fnail = 92.6 lb
2 2
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed,
reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited
distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. A student using this manual is using it
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.2
Three boards, each 2 in. thick, are nailed together to form a beam
that is subjected to a vertical shear. Knowing that the allowable
shearing force in each nail is 150 lb, determine the allowable shear
if the spacing s between the nails is 3 in.
SOLUTION
1 3
I1 = bh + Ad 2
12
1
= (6)(2)3 + (6)(2)(3) 2 = 112 in 4
12
1 3 1
I2 = bh = (2)(4)3 = 10.667 in 4
12 12
I 3 = I1 = 112 in 4
I = I1 + I 2 + I 3 = 234.667 in 4
Q = A1 y1 = (6)(2)(3) = 36 in 3
qs = Fnail (1)
VQ
q= (2)
I
1 VQ
Dividing Eq. (2) by Eq. (1), =
s Fnail I
Fnail I (150)(234.667)
V = = V = 326 lb
Qs (36)(3)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.3
Three boards are nailed together to form a beam shown, which is

subjected to a vertical shear. Knowing that the spacing between the
nails is s = 75 mm and that the allowable shearing force in each nail is
400 N, determine the allowable shear when w = 120 mm.
SOLUTION
Part A (mm 2 ) d (mm) Ad 2 (106 mm 4 ) I (106 mm 4 )

Top plank 7200 60 25.92 2.16
Middle Plank 12,000 0 0 3.60
Bottom Plank 7200 60 25.92 2.16
51.84 7.92
I = Ad 2 + I = 59.76 106 mm 4 = 59.76 106 m 4

Q = (7200)(60) = 432 103 mm3 = 432 106 m3
VQ
q= Fnail = qs
I
Fnail Iq IFnail
q= V = =
s Q Qs
(59.76 106 )(400)

V= V = 738 N
(432 106 )(75 103 )
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.4
Solve Prob. 6.3, assuming that the width of the top and bottom boards
is changed to w = 100 mm .
PROBLEM 6.3 Three boards are nailed together to form a beam

shown, which is subjected to a vertical shear. Knowing that the spacing
between the nails is s = 75 mm and that the allowable shearing force
in each nail is 400 N, determine the allowable shear when
w = 120 mm.
SOLUTION

Top plank 6000 60 21.6 1.80
Middle Plank 12,000 0 0 3.60
Bottom Plank 6000 60 21.6 1.80
43.2 7.20
I = Ad 2 + I = 50.4 106 mm 4 = 50.4 106 m 4

Q = (6000)(60) = 360 103 mm3 = 360 106 m3
VQ
q= Fnail = qs
I
Fnail Iq IFnail
q= V = =
s Q Qs
(50.4 106 )(400)

V= V = 747 N
(360 106 )(75 103 )
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.5
The American Standard rolled-steel beam shown has been reinforced by

attaching to it two 16 200-mm plates, using 18-mm-diameter bolts
spaced longitudinally every 120 mm. Knowing that the average allowable
shearing stress in the bolts is 90 MPa, determine the largest permissible
vertical shearing force.
SOLUTION
Calculate moment of inertia:

Top plate 3200 * 82.43 0.07
160.5
S310 52 6650 0 95.3
*
Bot. plate 3200 160.5 82.43 0.07
164.86 95.44
*d 305 16
= + = 160.5 mm
2 2
I = Ad 2 + I = 260.3 106 mm 4 = 260.3 106 m 4
Q = Aplate d plate = (3200)(160.5) = 513.6 103 mm3 = 513.6 106 m3

Abolt = 2
d bolt = (18 103 ) 2 = 254.47 106 m 2
4 4
Fbolt = all Abolt = (90 106 )(254.47 106 ) = 22.90 103 N
2Fbolt (2)(22.90 103 )
qs = 2 Fbolt q = = 3
= 381.7 103 N/m
s 120 10
VQ Iq (260.3 106 )(381.7 103 )
q= V = = = 193.5 103 N
I Q 513.6 106
V = 193.5 kN
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.6
Solve Prob. 6.5, assuming that the reinforcing plates are only 12 mm thick.
PROBLEM 6.5 The American Standard rolled-steel beam shown has been
reinforced by attaching to it two 16 200-mm plates, using 18-mm-diameter
bolts spaced longitudinally every 120 mm. Knowing that the average
allowable shearing stress in the bolts is 90 MPa, determine the largest
permissible vertical shearing force.
SOLUTION
Part A(mm 2 ) d (mm) Ad 2 (106 mm 4 ) I (106 mm 4 )

Top plate 2400 *158.5 60.29 0.03
S310 52 6650 0 0 95.3
Bot. plate 2400 *158.5 60.29 0.03
120.58 95.36
* 305 12
d = + = 158.5 mm
2 2
I = Ad 2 + I = 215.94 106 mm 4 = 215.94 106 m 4
Q = Aplate d plate = (200)(12)(158.5) = 380.4 103 mm3 = 380.4 106 m3

Abolt = 2
d bolt = (18 103 ) 2 = 254.47 106 m 2
4 4
Fbolt = all Abolt = (90 106 )(254.47 106 ) = 22.902 103 N
2Fbolt (2)(22.903 103 )
qs = 2 Fbolt q = = = 381.7 103 N/m
s 120 103
VQ Iq (215.94 106 )(381.7 103 )
q= V = = = 217 103 N
I Q 380.4 106
V = 217 kN
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.7
A columm is fabricated by connecting the rolled-steel members shown by

bolts of 34 -in. diameter spaced longitudinally every 5 in. Determine the
average shearing stress in the bolts caused by a shearing force of 30 kips
parallel to the y axis.
SOLUTION
Geometry:
d
f = + (t w )C
2 s
10.0
= + 0.303 = 5.303 in.
2
x = 0.534 in.
y1 = f x = 5.303 0.534 = 4.769 in.
Determine moment of inertia.
Part A(in 2 ) d (in.) Ad 2 (in 4 ) I (in 4 )

C8 13.7 4.04 4.769 91.88 1.52
S 10 25.4 7.4 0 0 123
C8 13.7 4.04 4.769 91.88 1.52
183.76 126.04
I = Ad 2 + I = 183.76 + 126.04 = 309.8 in 4

Q = A y1 = (4.04)(4.769) = 19.267 in 3
VQ (30)(19.267)
q= = = 1.8658 kip/in
I 309.8
1 1
Fbolt = qs = (1.8658)(5) = 4.664 kips
2 2
2
2 3 2
Abolt = d bolt = = 0.4418 in
4 4 4
Fbolt 4.664
bolt = = = 10.56 ksi bolt = 10.56 ksi
Abolt 0.4418
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.8
The composite beam shown is fabricated by connecting two W6 20 rolled-steel

members, using bolts of 58 -in. diameter spaced longitudinally every 6 in. Knowing
that the average allowable shearing stress in the bolts is 10.5 ksi, determine the largest
allowable vertical shear in the beam.
SOLUTION
W6 20: A = 5.87 in 2 , d = 6.20 in., I x = 41.4 in 4

1
y = d = 3.1 in.
2
Composite: I = 2[41.4 + (5.87)(3.1)2 ]

= 195.621 in 4
Q = A y = (5.87)(3.1) = 18.197 in 3
5
Bolts: d = in., all = 10.5 ksi, s = 6 in.
8
2
5 2
Abolt = = 0.30680 in
4 8
Fbolt = all Abolt = (10.5)(0.30680) = 3.2214 kips
2Fbolt (2)(3.2214)
q= = = 1.07380 kips/in
s 6
VQ Iq (195.621)(1.0780)
Shear: q = V = = V = 11.54 kips
I Q 18.197
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.9
For the beam and loading shown,

consider section n-n and determine
(a) the largest shearing stress in that
section, (b) the shearing stress at
point a.
SOLUTION
By symmetry, RA = RB .
Fy = 0:
RA + RB 15 20 15 = 0
RA = RB = 25 k ips
From shear diagram, V = 30 kips at n-n.
Determine moment of inertia.
Part A(in 2 ) d (in.) Ad 2 (in 4 ) I (in 4 )
Top Flng 6 4.7 132.54 0.18

Web 3.30 0 0 21.30
Bot. Flng 6 4.7 132.54 0.18
265.08 21.66
(a) I = Ad 2 + I = 286.74 in 4
Part A(in 2 ) y (in.) Ay (in 3 )

6 4.7 28.2
1.65 2.2 3.63
31.83
Q = Ay
= 31.83 in 3
t = 0.375 in.
VQmax (25)(31.83)
max = = max = 7.40 ksi
It (286.74)(0.375)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.9 (Continued)
(b)
Part A(in 2 ) y (in.) Ay (in 3 )

6 4.7 28.2
0.15 4.2 0.63
28.83
Q = Ay = 28.83 in 3
t = 0.375 in.
VQ (23)(28.83)
= = = 6.70 ksi
It (286.74)(0.375)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.10
For the beam and loading

shown, consider section
n-n and determine (a) the
largest shearing stress in
that section, (b) the
shearing stress at point a.
SOLUTION
At section n-n, V = 10 kN.

I = I1 + 4I 2
1 1
= b1h13 + 4 b2h23 + A2d 22
12 12
1 1
= (100)(150)3 + 4 (50)(12)3 + (50)(12)(69) 2
12 12
= 28.125 106 + 4 0.0072 106 + 2.8566 106
= 39.58 106 mm 4 = 39.58 106 m 4
(a) Q = A1 y1 + 2 A2 y2
= (100)(75)(37.5) + (2)(50)(12)(69)
= 364.05 103 mm3 = 364.05 106 m3
t = 100 mm = 0.100 m
VQ (10 103 )(364.05 106 )

max = = 6
= 920 103 Pa max = 920 kPa
It (39.58 10 )(0.100)
(b) Q = A1 y1 + 2 A2 y2
= (100)(40)(55) + (2)(50)(12)(69)
= 302.8 103 mm3 = 302.8 106 m3
t = 100 mm = 0.100 m
VQ (10 103 )(302.8 106 )

a = = = 765 103 Pa a = 765 kPa
It (39.58 106 )(0.100)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.11
For the beam and loading shown, consider section

n-n and determine (a) the largest shearing stress in
that section, (b) the shearing stress at point a.
SOLUTION
At section n-n, V = 80 kN
Consider cross section as composed of rectangles of types , , and .
1
I1 = (12)(80)3 + (12)(80)(90)2 = 8.288 106 mm 4
12
1
I2 = (180)(16)3 + (180)(16)(42)2 = 5.14176 106 mm 4
12
1
I3 = (16)(68)3 = 419.24 103 mm 4
12
I = 4 I1 + 2 I 2 + 2I 3 = 44.274 106 mm 4
= 44.274 106 m 4
(a) Calculate Q at neutral axis.
Q1 = (12)(80)(90) = 86.4 103 mm 4

Q2 = (180)(16)(42) = 120.96 103 mm 4
Q3 = (16)(34)(17) = 9.248 103 mm 4
Q = 2Q1 + Q2 + 2Q3 = 312.256 103 mm3 = 312.256 106 m3

VQ (80 103 )(312.256 106 )
= = = 17.63 106 Pa = 17.63 MPa
It (44.274 106 )(2 16 103 )
(b) At point a, Q = Q1 = 86.4 103 mm 4 = 86.4 106 m 4
VQ (80 103 )(86.4 106 )

= = 6 3
= 13.01 106 Pa = 13.01 MPa
It (44.274 10 )(12 10 )
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.12
For the beam and loading shown, consider

section n-n and determine (a) the largest
shearing stress in that section, (b) the shearing
stress at point a.
SOLUTION
By symmetry, RA = RB .
Fy = 0: RA + RB 10 10 = 0
RA = RB = 10 kips
From the shear diagram, V = 10 kips at n-n.
1 1
I = b2h23 b1h13
12 12
1 1
= (4)(4)3 (3)(3)3 = 14.583 in 4
12 12
1 1
(a) Q = A1 y1 + A2 y2 = (3) (1.75) + (2) (2)(1) = 4.625 in 3
2 2
1 1
t = + = 1 in.
2 2
VQ (10)(4.625)
It (14.583)(1)
1
(b) Q = Ay = (4) (1.75) = 3.5 in 3
2
1 1
t = + = 1 in.
2 2
VQ (10)(3.5)
= = a = 2.40 ksi
It (14.583)(1)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.13
For a beam having the cross section shown, determine the largest
allowable vertical shear if the shearing stress is not to exceed
60 MPa.
SOLUTION
Calculate moment of inertia.

1 1
I = (50 mm)(120 mm)3 2 (30 mm) 4 + (30 mm 30 mm)(35 mm) 2
12 12
I = 7.2 106 mm 4 2[1.170 106 mm 4 ] = 4.86 106 mm 4
= 4.86 106 m 4
Assume that m occurs at point a.
t = 2(10 mm) = 0.02 m

Q = (10 mm 50 mm)(55mm) + 2[(10 mm 30 mm)(35 mm)]
= 48.5 103 mm3 = 48.5 106 m3
without permission.
VQ
For all = 60 MPa, m = all =
It
V (48.5 106 m3 )
60 106 Pa = V = 120.3 kN
(4.86 106 m 4 )(0.02 m)
Check at neutral axis: t = 50 mm = 0.05 m
Q = (50 60)(30) (30 30)(35) = 58.5 103 mm3

VQ (120.3 kN)(58.5 106 m3 )
= = = 29.0 MPa < 60 MPa OK
It (4.86 106 m 4 )(0.05m)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.14
For a beam having the cross section shown, determine the largest
allowable vertical shear if the shearing stress is not to exceed 60
MPa.
SOLUTION
Calculate moment of inertia.
1 1
I = 2 (10 mm)(120 mm)3 + (30 mm)(40 mm)3
12 12
= 2[1.440 106 mm 4 ] + 0.160 106 mm 4
= 3.04 106 mm 4
I = 3.04 106 m 4
Assume that m occurs at point a.

t = 10 mm = 0.01m
Q = (10 mm 40 mm)(40 mm)
= 16 103 mm3 Q = 16 106 m3
VQ
For all = 60 MPa, m = all =
It
V (16 106 m3 )
60 106 Pa = V = 114.0 kN
(3.04 106 m 4 )(0.01m)
Check at neutral axis:

t = 50 mm = 0.05 m
Q = 2[(10 60)(30)] + (30 20)(10) = 42 103 m3 = 42 106 m3
VQ (114.0 kN)(42 106 m3 )

NA = = = 31.5 MPa < 60 MPa OK
It (3.04 106 m 4 )(0.05 m)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.15
For the beam and loading shown, determine the minimum required
depth h, knowing that for the grade of timber used, all = 1750 psi
and all = 130 psi.
SOLUTION
Total load: (750 lb/ft)(16 ft) = 12 103 lb
Reaction at A: RA = 6 103 lb
Vmax = 6 103 lb
1
M max = (8 ft)(6 103 ) = 24 103 lb ft
2
= 288 103 lb in
1 2
Bending: S = bh for rectangular section.
6
M max 288 103

S = = = 164.57 in 3
all 1750
6S (6)(164.57)
h= = = 14.05 in.
b 5
1 3
Shear: I = bh for rectangular section.
12
1
A= bh
2
1
y = h
4
1 1 1
Q = Ay = (b) h h = bh 2
2 4 8
VQ 3Vmax
max = =
Ib 2bh
3Vmax (3)(6 103 )
h= = = 13.85 in.
2b max (2)(5)(130)
The larger value of h is the minimum required depth. h = 14.05 in.
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.16
For the beam and loading shown, determine the minimum

required width b, knowing that for the grade of timber
used, all = 12 MPa and all = 825 kPa.
SOLUTION
M D = 0: 3RA + (2)(2.4) + (1)(4.8) = 0

RA = 3.2 kN
Draw shear and bending moment diagrams.
V max
= 4.0 kN M max
= 4.0 kN m
M max 4.0 103

Bending: S = =
all 12 106
= 333.33 106 m3 = 333.33 103 mm3
For a rectangular cross section,
1 3
bh
I 12 1
S = = = bh 2
c 1 6
h
2
6S (6)(333.33 103 )
b= = = 88.9 mm
h2 1502
1 1
A= bh, y = h
2 4
1 1
Q = Ay = bh 2 , I = bh3
8 12
VQ 3V
= =
It 2bh
3 V 3 4.0 103
bh = =
2 2 825 103
= 7.2727 103 m 2 = 7.2727 103 mm 2
bh 7.2727 103
b= = = 48.5 mm
h 150
The required value for b is the larger one. b = 88.9 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.17
A timber beam AB of length L and rectangular cross section carries a

uniformly distributed load w and is supported as shown. (a) Show that
the ratio m / m of the maximum values of the shearing and normal
stresses in the beam is equal to 2h/L, where h and L are, respectively,
the depth and the length of the beam. (b) Determine the depth h and
the width b of the beam, knowing that L = 5 m, w = 8 kN/m,
m = 1.08 MPa, and m = 12 MPa.
SOLUTION
wL
RA = RB =
2
wL
From shear diagram, |V |m = (1)
4
For rectangular section, A = bh (2)
3 Vm 3wL
m = = (3)
2 A 8bh
wL2
From bending moment diagram, |M |m = (4)
32
For a rectangular cross section,
1 2
S = bh (5)
6
|M |m 3wL2
m = = (6)
S 16 bh2
m 2h
(a) Dividing Eq. (3) by Eq. (6), =
m L
(b) Solving for h:

L m (5)(1.08 106 )
h= = 6
= 225 103 m h = 225 mm
2 m (2)(12 10 )
Solving Eq. (3) for b:
3wL (3)(8 103 )(5)
b= =
8h m (8)(225 103 )(1.08 106 )
= 61.7 103 m b = 61.7 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.18
A timber beam AB of length L and rectangular cross section carries a

single concentrated load P at its midpoint C. (a) Show that the ratio
m / m of the maximum values of the shearing and normal stresses in
the beam is equal to 2h/L, where h and L are, respectively, the depth and
the length of the beam. (b) Determine the depth h and the width b of the
beam, knowing that L = 2 m, P = 40 kN, m = 960 kPa, and
m = 12 MPa.
SOLUTION
Reactions: RA = RB = P/2
P
(1) Vmax = RA =
2
(2) A = bh for rectangular section.
3 Vmax 3P
(3) m = = for rectangular section.
2 A 4bh
PL
(4) M max =
4
1 2
(5) S = bh for rectangular section.
6
M max 3PL
(6) m = =
S 2bh 2
m h
(a) =
m 2L
2L m (2)(2)(960 103 )
(b) Solving for h, h= = 6
= 320 103 m h = 320 mm
m 12 10
Solving Eq. (3) for b,
3P (3)(40 103 )
b= = = 97.7 103 m b = 97.7 mm
4h m (4)(320 103 )(960 103 )
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.19
For the wide-flange beam with the loading shown, determine the
largest load P that can be applied, knowing that the maximum
normal stress is 24 ksi and the largest shearing stress using the
approximation m = V/Aweb is 14.5 ksi.
SOLUTION
M C = 0: 15RA + qP = 0
RA = 0.6 P
V max
= 0.6 P M max
= 0.6 PLAB
LAB = 6 ft = 72 in.
Bending. For W 24 104 , S = 258 in 3
M max 0.6 PLAB

S = =
all all
all S (24)(258)
P= = = 143.3 kips
0.6LAB (0.6)(72)
Shear. Aweb = dtw

= (24.1)(0.500)
= 12.05 in 2
V 0.6 P
= max
=
Aweb Aweb
Aweb (14.5)(12.05)
P= = = 291 kips
0.6 0.6
The smaller value of P is the allowable value. P = 143.3 kips
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.20
For the wide-flange beam with the loading shown, determine the
largest load P that can be applied, knowing that the maximum
normal stress is 160 MPa and the largest shearing stress using the
approximation m = V/Aweb is 100 MPa.
SOLUTION
M E = 0: 3.6RA + 3.0P + 2.4P + 1.8P = 0

RA = 2 P
M B = 2PLAB , M C = M D = 3PLAB
V max
= 2P M max
= 3PLAB
Bending. For W 360 122, S = 2020 103 mm3

= 2020 106 m3
M max 3PLAB
= =S
all all
all S (160 106 )(2020 103 )
P= = = 179.6 103 N
3LAB (3)(0.6)
Shear. Aweb = dt w = (363)(13.0)

= 4.719 103 mm 2 = 4.719 103 m 2
V 2P
= max
=
Aweb Aweb
Aweb (100 106 )(4.719 103 )
P= = = 236 103 N
2 2
The smaller value of P is the allowable one. P = 179.6 kN
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.21

shown, consider section n-n
and determine the shearing
stress at (a) point a, (b) point
b.
SOLUTION
Draw the shear diagram. |V |max = 90 kN
Part A(mm 2 ) y (mm) A y (103 mm3 ) d(mm) Ad 2 (106 mm 4 ) I (106 mm 4 )

3200 90 288 25 2.000 0.1067
1600 40 64 25 1.000 0.8533
1600 40 64 25 1.000 0.8533
6400 416 4.000 1.8133
Ay 416 103
Y = = = 65 mm
A 6400
I = Ad 2 + I = (4.000 + 1.8133) 106 mm 4
= 5.8133 106 mm 4 = 5.8133 106 m 4
(a) A = (80)(20) = 1600 mm 2

y = 25 mm
Qa = Ay = 40 103 mm3 = 40 106 m3
VQa (90 103 )(40 106 )
a = = 6 3
= 31.0 106 Pa
It (5.8133 10 )(20 10 )
a = 31.0 MPa
(b) A = (30)(20) = 600 mm 2 y = 65 15 = 50 mm

Qb = Ay = 30 10 mm = 30 106 m3
3 3
VQb (90 103 )(30 106 )

b = = = 23.2 106 Pa
It (5.8133 106 )(20 103 )
b = 23.2 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.22

section n-n and determine the shearing stress
at (a) point a, (b) point b.
SOLUTION
RA = RB = 12 kips
Draw shear diagram.
V = 12 kips
Determine section properties.
Part A(in 2 ) y (in.) Ay (in 3 ) d(in.) Ad 2 (in 4 ) I (in 4 )

4 4 16 2 16 5.333
8 1 8 1 8 2.667
12 24 24 8.000
Ay 24
Y = = = 2 in.
A 12
I = Ad 2 + I = 32 in 4
(a) A = 1 in 2 y = 3.5 in. Qa = Ay = 3.5 in 3

t = 1 in.
VQa (12)(3.5)
a = = a = 1.3125 ksi
It (32)(1)
(b) A = 2 in 2 y = 3 in. Qb = Ay = 6 in 3
t = 1 in.
VQb (12)(6)
b = = b = 2.25 ksi
It (32)(1)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.23

shown, determine the
largest shearing stress in
section n-n.
SOLUTION
Draw the shear diagram. |V |max = 90 kN
Part A (mm 2 ) x Ay (103 mm3 ) d(mm) Ad 2 (106 mm 4 ) I (106 mm 4 )

3200 90 288 25 2.000 0.1067
1600 40 64 25 1.000 0.8533
1600 40 64 25 1.000 0.8533
6400 416 4.000 1.8133
Ay 416 103
Y = = = 65 mm
A 6400
I = Ad 2 + I = (4.000 + 1.8133) 106 mm 4
= 5.8133 106 mm 4 = 5.8133 106 m 4
Part A(mm 2 ) y (mm) Ay (103 mm3 )

3200 25 80
300 7.5 2.25
300 7.5 2.25
84.5
Q = Ay = 84.5 103 mm3 = 84.5 106 m3

t = (2)(20) = 40 mm = 40 103 m
VQ (90 103 )(84.5 106 )
max = =
It (5.8133 106 )(40 103 )
= 32.7 106 Pa m = 32.7 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.24
For the beam and loading shown, determine

the largest shearing stress in section n-n.
SOLUTION
RA = RB = 12 kips
Draw shear diagram.
V = 12 kips
Determine section properties.
4 4 16 2 16 5.333
8 1 8 1 8 2.667
12 24 24 8.000
Ay 24
Y = = = 2 in.
A 12
I = Ad 2 + I = 32 in 4
Q = A1 y1 = (4)(2) = 8 in 3
t = 1 in.
VQ (12)(8)
It (32)(1)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.25
A beam having the cross section shown is subjected to a vertical shear V. Determine (a) the
horizontal line along which the shearing stress is maximum, (b) the constant k in the following
expression for the maximum shearing stress
V
max = k
A
where A is the cross-sectional area of the beam.
SOLUTION

I = c4 and A = c2
4
4c
For semicircle, As = c2 y =
2 3
4c 2
Q = As y = c2 = c3
2 3 3
(a) max occurs at center where t = 2c.
VQ V 2 c3 4V 4V 4
(b) max = = 43 = 2
= k = = 1.333
It 4
c 2c 3 c 3A 3
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.26
A beam having the cross section shown is subjected to a vertical shear V. Determine
(a) the horizontal line along which the shearing stress is maximum, (b) the constant k in
the following expression for the maximum shearing stress
V
max = k
A
SOLUTION
1 1 3
A= bh I = bh
2 36
For a cut at location y,
1 by by 2
A( y) = y =
2 h 2h
2 2
y ( y) = h y
3 3
by 2
Q( y) = Ay = (h y )
3
by
t ( y) =
h
by 2
VQ V 3 (h y) 12 Vy(h y) 12V
( y) = = 3 by
= 3
= 3
(hy y 2 )
It 1
( 36 bh ) h bh bh
d
(a) To find location of maximum of , set = 0.
dy
d 12V 1
= ( h 2 ym ) = 0 ym = h, i.e., at mid-height
dy bh3 2
12V 1 2 1 3V
2
12V 2 3V 3
(b) m = 3
(hym ym ) = 3
h h = = k = = 1.500
bh bh 2 2 bh 2A 2
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.27
horizontal line along which the shearing stress is maximum, (b) the constant k in the
following expression for the maximum shearing stress
V
max = k
A
SOLUTION
For a thin-walled circular section, A = 2 rmtm
1
J = Arm2 = 2 rm3tm , I = J = rm3tm
2
2rm
For a semicircular arc, y =

As = rmtm
2rm
Q = As y = rmtm = 2rm2tm

(a) t = 2tm at neutral axis where maximum occurs.
VQ V (2rm2tm ) V 2V
(b) max = = 3
= = k = 2.00
It ( rmtm )(2tm ) rmtm A
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.28
horizontal line along which the shearing stress is maximum, (b) the constant k in the
following expression for the maximum shearing stress
V
max = k
A
SOLUTION
1 1 1
A = 2 bh = bh I = 2 bh3 = bh3
2 12 6
For a cut at location y, where y h,
1 by by 2
A( y) = y =
2 h 2h
2
y ( y) = h y
3
by 2 by 3
Q( y) = Ay =
2 3h
by
t ( y) =
h
V y y
2
VQ 6 h by 2 by 3
( y) = =V 3 = 3 2
It bh by 2 3h bh h h
d
(a) To find location of maximum of , set = 0.
dy
d V y ym 3 1
= 2 [3 4 m ] = 0 = , i.e., h from neutral axis.
dy bh h h 4 4
V 3 3 9 V
2
V
(b) ( ym ) = 3 2 = = 1.125 k = 1.125
bh 4 4 8 bh A
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.29
The built-up beam shown is made by gluing together five planks. Knowing that
in the glued joints the average allowable shearing stress is 350 kPa, determine
the largest permissible vertical shear in the beam.
SOLUTION
1
I= (240 mm)(160 mm)3
12
1
(200 mm)(80 mm)3
12
= 73.4 106 mm 4
I = 73.4 106 m 4
t = 40 mm = 0.04 m
Q = (100 mm 40 mm)(60 mm)
= 240 103 mm3
Q = 240 106 m3
For m = 350 kPa,
VQ V (240 106 m3 )
m = : 350 10 3 Pa = V = 4.28 kN
Tt (73.4 106 m 4 )0.04 m
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.30
For the beam of Prob. 6.29, determine the largest permissible horizontal shear.
PROBLEM 6.29 The built-up beam shown is made by gluing together five
planks. Knowing that in the glued joints the average allowable shearing stress is
350 kPa, determine the largest permissible vertical shear in the beam.
SOLUTION
1 1
I =2 (40)(240)3 + (80)(40)3 Q = (40 100)70
12 12
= 280 103 mm3
I = 92.6 10+6 mm 4 = 92.6 106 m 4 Q = (280 106 ) m3
For = 350 kPa,
VQ V (280 106 m3 )
= ; 350 103 Pa =
It (92.6 106 m 4 )(0.04 m)
V = 4630 N V = 4.63 kN
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.31
Several wooden planks are glued together to form the box beam shown. Knowing
that the beam is subjected to a vertical shear of 3 kN, determine the average
shearing stress in the glued joint (a) at A, (b) at B.
SOLUTION
1 3 1
IA = bh + Ad 2 = (60)(20)3 + (60)(20)(50) 2
12 12
= 3.04 106 mm 4
1 3 1
IB = bh = (60)(20)3 = 0.04 106 mm4
12 12
1 3 1
IC = bh = (20)(120)3 = 2.88 106 mm 4
12 12
I = 2I A + I B + 2 I C = 11.88 106 mm 4 = 11.88 106 m 4
QA = Ay = (60)(20)(50) = 60 103 mm3 = 60 106 m3

t = 20 mm + 20 mm = 40 mm = 40 103 m
VQA (3 103 )(60 106 )

(a) A = = = 379 103 Pa
It (11.88 106 )(40 103 )
QB = 0 A = 379 kPa
VQB
(b) B = =0 B = 0
It
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.32
The built-up timber beam is subjected to a 1500-lb vertical shear. Knowing

that the longitudinal spacing of the nails is s = 2.5 in. and that each nail is
3.5 in. long, determine the shearing force in each nail.
SOLUTION
1
I1 = (2)(4)3 + (2)(4)(3) 2
12
= 82.6667 in 4
1
I2 = (2)(6)3 = 36 in 4
12
I = 2 I1 + 2I 2
= 237.333 in 4
Q = A1 y1 = (2)(4)(3) = 24 in 3
VQ (1500)(24)
q= = = 151.685 lb/in
I 237.333
1 1
2 Fnail = qs Fnail = qs = (151.685)(2.5) Fnail = 189.6 lb
2 2
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.33
The built-up wooden beam shown is subjected to a vertical shear of

8 kN. Knowing that the nails are spaced longitudinally every 60 mm
at A and every 25 mm at B, determine the shearing force in the nails
(a) at A, (b) at B. (Given: I x = 1.504 109 mm 4.)
SOLUTION
I x = 1.504 109 mm 4 = 1504 106 m 4

s A = 60 mm = 0.060 m
sB = 25 mm = 0.025 m
(a) QA = Q1 = A1 y1 = (50)(100)(150) = 750 103 mm3

= 750 106 m3
FA = q A s A
VQ1s A (8 103 )(750 106 )(0.060)
= =
I 1504 106
FA = 239 N
(b) Q2 = A2 y2 = (300)(50)(175) = 2625 103 mm3

QB = 2Q1 + Q2 = 4125 103 mm3
= 4125 106 m3
VQB sB (8 103 )(4125 106 )(0.025)

FB = qB sB = = FB = 549 N
I 1504 106
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.34
Knowing that a vertical shear V of 50 kips is exerted on W14 82 rolled-steel beam,

determine the shearing stress (a) at point a, (b) at the centroid C.
SOLUTION
For W14 82, d = 14.3 in., b f = 10.1 in., t f = 0.855 in., tw = 0.510 in., I = 881 in 4
(a) Aa = (4.15)(0.855) = 3.5482 in 2

d t f 14.3 0.855
ya = = = 6.7225 in.
2 2 2 2
Qa = Aa ya = 23.853 in 3
ta = t f = 0.855 in.
VQa (50)(23.853)
a = = a = 1.583 ksi
Ita (881)(0.855)
(b) A1 = b f t f (10.1)(0.855) = 8.6355 in 2

d tf
y1 = = 6.7225 in.
2 2
d
A2 = tw t f = (0.510)(6.295) = 3.2105 in 2
2
1d 1
y2 = t f = ( 6.295 ) = 3.1475 in.
2 2 2
QC = A1 y1 + A2 y2 (8.6355)(6.7225) + (3.2105)(3.1475)
= 68.157 in 3
tC = t w = 0.510 in.
VQC (50)(68.157)
C = = C = 7.59 ksi
ItC (881)(0.510)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.35
An extruded aluminum beam has the cross section shown. Knowing that the
vertical shear in the beam is 150 kN, determine the shearing stress at
(a) point a, (b) point b.
SOLUTION
1 1
I= (80)(80)3 (56)(68)3 = 1.9460 106 mm 4
12 12
= 1.946 106 m 4
(a) Qa = A1 y1 + 2 A2 y2
= (56)(6)(37) + (2)(12)(40)(20) = 31.632 103 mm3
= 31.632 106 m3
ta = (2)(12) = 24 mm = 0.024 m
VQa (150 103 )(31.632 106 )

a = = 6
= 101.6 106 Pa
Ita (1.946 10 )(0.024)
a = 101.6 MPa
(b) Qb = A1 y1 = (56)(6)(37) = 12.432 103 mm3

= 12.432 106 m3
tb = (2)(6) = 12 mm = 0.012 m
VQb (150 103 )(12.432 106 )
b = = 6
= 79.9 106 Pa
Itb (1.946 10 )(0.012)
b = 79.9 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.36
Knowing that a given vertical shear V causes a maximum shearing

stress of 75 MPa in the hat-shaped extrusion shown, determine the
corresponding shearing stress (a) at point a, (b) at point b.
SOLUTION
Neutral axis lies 30 mm above bottom.
VQc VQa VQb
c = a = b =
It Ita Itb
a Qatc b Qbtc
= =
c Qcta c Qctb
Qc = (6)(30)(15) + (14)(4)(28) = 4260 mm3

tc = 6 mm
Qa = (14)(4)(28) = 1568 mm3
ta = 4 mm
Qb = (14)(4)(28) = 1568 mm3
tb = 4 mm
c = 75 MPa
Qa tc 1568 6
(a) a = c = 75 a = 41.4 MPa
Qc ta 4260 4
Qb tc 1568 6
(b) b = c = 75 b = 41.4 MPa
Qc tb 4260 4
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.37
Knowing that a given vertical shear V causes a maximum shearing stress of 75

MPa in an extruded beam having the cross section shown, determine the shearing
stress at the three points indicated.
SOLUTION
VQ
= is proportional to Q/t.
It
Point c: Qc = (30)(10)(75)
= 22.5 103 mm3
tc = 10 mm
Qc /tc = 2250 mm 2
Point b: Qb = Qc + (20)(50)(55)
= 77.5 103 mm3
tb = 20 mm
Qb /tb = 3875 mm 2
Point a: Qa = 2Qb + (120)(30)(15)

= 209 103 mm3
ta = 120 mm
Qa /ta = 1741.67 mm 2
(Q/t ) m occurs at b. m = b = 75 MPa

a b c
= =
Qa /ta Qb /tb Qc /tc
a 75 MPa a
2
= 2
=
1741.67 mm 3875 mm 2250 mm 2
a = 33.7 MPa
b = 75.0 MPa
c = 43.5 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.38
An extruded beam has the cross section shown and a uniform wall thickness
of 0.20 in. Knowing that a given vertical shear V causes a maximum shearing
stress = 9 ksi, determine the shearing stress at the four points indicated.
SOLUTION
Qa = (0.2)(0.5)(0.5 0.25) = 0.125 in 3

Qb = (0.2)(0.5)(0.3 + 0.25) = 0.055 in 3
Qc = Qa + Qb + (1.4)(0.2)(0.9) = 0.432 in 3
Qd = 2Qa + 2Qb + (3.0)(0.2)(0.9) = 0.900 in.3
Qm = Qd + (0.2)(0.8)(0.4) = 0.964 in 3
VQ
=
It
Since V, I, and t are constant, is proportional to Q.
a b c d m 9
= = = = =
0.125 0.055 0.432 0.900 0.964 0.964
a = 1.167 ksi; b = 0.513 ksi; c = 4.03 ksi; d = 8.40 ksi
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.39
Solve Prob. 6.38, assuming that the beam is subjected to a horizontal shear V.
PROBLEM 6.38 An extruded beam has the cross section shown and a
uniform wall thickness of 0.20 in. Knowing that a given vertical shear V causes
a maximum shearing stress = 9 ksi, determine the shearing stress at the four
points indicated.
SOLUTION
Qa = (0.5)(0.2)(1.4) = 0.140 in 3
Qb = (0.5)(0.2)(1.4) = 0.140 in 3
Qc = Qa + Qb + (0.2)(1.4)(0.8) = 0.504 in 3
Qd = 0
Qm = Qc = 0.504 in 3
VQ
= Since V, I, and t are constant, is proportional to Q.
It
a b c d m 9
= = = = =
0.140 0.140 0.504 0 Qm 0.504
a = 2.50 ksi; b = 2.50 ksi, c = 9.00 ksi, d = 0
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.40
Knowing that a given vertical shear V causes a maximum shearing stress of

50 MPa in a thin-walled member having the cross section shown, determine
the corresponding shearing stress (a) at point a, (b) at point b, (c) at point c.
SOLUTION
Qa = (12)(30)(25 + 10 + 15) = 18 103 mm3

Qb = (40)(10)(25 + 5) = 12 103 mm3
Qc = Qa + 2Qb + (12)(10)(25 + 5) = 45.6 103 mm3
25
Qm = Qc + (12)(25) = 49.35 103 mm3
2
ta = tc = tm = 12 mm
tb = 10 mm
m = 50 MPa
a Qa tm 18 12
(a) = = = 0.3647 a = 18.23 MPa
m Qm ta 49.35 12
b Qb tm 12 12
(b) = = = 0.2918 b = 14.59 MPa
m Qm tb 49.35 10
c Q t 45.6 12
(c) = c m = = 0.9240 c = 46.2 MPa
m Qm tc 49.35 12
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.41
The extruded aluminum beam has a uniform wall thickness of 18 in. Knowing
that the vertical shear in the beam is 2 kips, determine the corresponding shearing
stress at each of the five points indicated.
SOLUTION
1 1
I= (2.50)(2.50)3 (2.125)(2.25)3 = 1.2382 in 4
12 12
t = 0.125 in. at all sections.
V = 2 kips
VQa
Qa = 0 a = a = 0
It
1.25 3
Qb = (0.125)(1.25) = 0.09766 in
2
VQb (2)(0.09766)
b = = b = 1.26 ksi
It (1.2382)(0.125)
Qc = Qb + (1.0625)(0.125)(1.1875) = 0.25537 in.2
VQc (2)(0.25537)
c = = c = 3.30 ksi
It (1.2382)(0.125)
Qd = 2Qc + (0.125) 2 (1.1875) = 0.52929
VQd (2)(0.52929)
d = = d = 6.84 ksi
It (1.2382)(0.125)
1.125
Qe = Qd + (0.125)(1.125) = 0.60839
2
VQ (2)(0.60839)
e = = e = 7.86 ksi
It (1.2382)(0.125)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.42
The extruded aluminum beam has a uniform wall thickness of 18 in. Knowing
that the vertical shear in the beam is 2 kips, determine the corresponding shearing
stress at each of the five points indicated.
SOLUTION
1 1
I= (2.50)(2.50)3 (2.125)(2.25)3 = 1.2382 in 4
12 2
Add symmetric points c, b, and a.
Qe = 0
1.125 3
Qd = (0.125)(1.125) = 0.07910 in td = 0.125 in.
2
Qc = Qe = (0.125)2 (1.1875) = 0.09765 in 4 tc = 0.25 in.
Qb = Qc + (2)(1.0625)(0.125)(1.1875) = 0.41308 in 3 tb = 0.25 in.
1.25
Qa = Qb + (2)(0.125)(1.25) = 0.60839 in 3 ta = 0.25 in.
2
VQa (2)(0.60839)
a = = a = 3.93 ksi
Ita (1.2382)(0.25)
VQb (2)(0.41308)
b = = b = 2.67 ksi
Itb (1.2382)(0.25)
VQc (2)(0.09765)
c = = c = 0.63 ksi
Itc (1.2382)(0.25)
VQd (2)(0.07910)
d = = d = 1.02 ksi
Itd (1.2382)(0.25)
VQe
e = e = 0
Ite
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.43
Three 1 18-in. steel plates are bolted to four L6 6 1 angles to form a beam
with the cross section shown. The bolts have a 78 -in. diameter and are spaced
longitudinally every 5 in. Knowing that the allowable average shearing stress in
the bolts is 12 ksi, determine the largest permissible vertical shear in the beam.
(Given: I x = 6123 in 4 )
SOLUTION
1
Flange: If = (18)(1)3 + (18)(1)(9.5) 2 = 1626 in 4
12
1
Web: Iw = (1)(18)3 = 486 in 4
12
Angle: I = 35.5 in 4 , A = 11.0 in 2

y = 1.86 in. d = 9 1.86 = 7.14 in.
I a = I + Ad = 596.18 in 4
2
I = 2I f + I w + 4I a = 6123 in 4 , which agrees with the given value.
Flange: Q f = (18)(1)(9.5) = 171 in 3
Angle: Qa = Ad = (11.0)(7.14) = 78.54 in 3

Q = Q f + 2Qa = 328.08 in 3
2
7 2
Abolt = = 0.60132 in
48
Fbolt = 2 bolt Abolt = (2)(12)(0.60132) = 14.4317 kips
Fbolt 14.4317
qall = = = 2.8863 kip/s
s 5
VQ qall I (2.8863)(6123)
q = Vall = = Vall = 53.9 kips
I Q 328.08
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.44
Three planks are connected as shown by bolts of 14-mm diameter

spaced every 150 mm along the longitudinal axis of the beam. For a
vertical shear of 10 kN, determine the average shearing stress in the
bolts.
SOLUTION
Locate neutral axis and compute moment of inertia.
Part A(mm 2 ) y (mm) Ay (mm3 ) d (mm) Ad 2 (mm 4 ) I (mm 4 )

12500 200 2.5 106 37.5 17.5781 106 10.4167 106
25000 125 3.125 106 37.5 35.156 106 130.208 106
12500 200 2.5 106 37.5 17.5781 106 10.4167 106
50000 8.125 106 70.312 106 151.04 106
Ay 8.125 106
Y = = = 162.5 mm
A 50 103
I = Ad 2 + I = 221.35 106 mm 4
= 221.35 106 m 4
Q = A1 y1 = (12500)(37.5) = 468.75 103 mm3

= 468.75 106 m3
VQ (10 103 )(468.75 106 )

q = =
I 221.35 106
= 21.177 103 N/m
Fbolt = qs = (21.177 103 )(150 103 ) = 3.1765 103 N

Abolt = (14) 2 = 153.938 mm 2 = 153.938 106 m 2
4
Fbolt 3.1765 103
bolt = = = 20.6 106 Pa
Abolt 153.938 106
bolt = 20.6 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.45
A beam consists of three planks connected as shown by steel bolts with a

longitudinal spacing of 225 mm. Knowing that the shear in the beam is
vertical and equal to 6 kN and that the allowable average shearing stress in
each bolt is 60 MPa, determine the smallest permissible bolt diameter that
can be used.
SOLUTION
Part A(mm 2 ) y (mm) Ay 2 (106mm 4 ) I (106 mm 4 )

7500 50 18.75 14.06
7500 50 18.75 14.06
15,000 50 37.50 28.12
75.00 56.25
I = Ay 2 + I = 131.25 106 mm 4 = 131.25 106 m 4

Q = A1 y1 = (7500)(50) = 375 103 mm3
= 375 106 m3
VQs
Fbolt = bolt Abolt = qs =
I
VQs (6 103 )(375 106 )(0.225)
Abolt = = = 64.286 106 m 2
bolt I (6 106 )(131.25 106 )
= 64.286 mm 2
4 Abolt (4)(64.286)
d bolt = = d bolt = 9.05 mm

without permission.
PROBLEM 6.46
A beam consists of five planks of 1.5 6-in. cross section connected by steel
bolts with a longitudinal spacing of 9 in. Knowing that the shear in the beam is
vertical and equal to 2000 lb and that the allowable average shearing stress in
each bolt is 7500 psi, determine the smallest permissible bolt diameter that can be
used.
SOLUTION
Part A(in 2 ) y0 (in.) Ay0 (in 3 ) y (in.) Ay 2 (in 4 ) I (in 4 )
9 5 45 0.8 5.76 27
9 4 36 0.2 0.36 27
9 3 27 1.2 12.96 27
9 4 36 0.2 0.36 27
9 5 45 0.8 5.76 27
45 189 25.20 135
Ay 189
Y0 = = = 4.2 in.
A 45
I = Ad 2 + I = 160.2 in 4
Between and : Q12 = Q1 = Ay1 = (9)(0.8) = 7.2 in 3
Between and : Q23 = Q1 + Ay2 = 7.2 + (9)(0.2) = 5.4 in 3
VQ
q =
I
Maximum q is based on Q12 = 7.2 in 3.
(2000)(7.2)
q= = 89.888 lb/in
160.2
Fbolt = qs = (89.888)(9) = 809 lb
Fbolt Fbolt 809

bolt = Abolt = = = 0.1079 in 2
Abolt bolt 7500
2 4 Abolt (4)(0.1079)
Abolt = d bolt d bolt = = d bolt = 0.371 in.
4
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.47
A plate of 14 -in. thickness is corrugated as shown and then used as a

beam. For a vertical shear of 1.2 kips, determine (a) the maximum
shearing stress in the section, (b) the shearing stress at point B. Also,
sketch the shear flow in the cross section.
SOLUTION
LBD = (1.2)2 + (1.6)2 = 2.0 in. ABD = (0.25)(2.0) = 0.5 in 2
Locate neutral axis and compute moment of inertia.
Part A(in 2 ) y (in.) Ay (in 3 ) d (in.) Ad 2 (in 4 ) I (in 4 )

AB 0.5 0 0 0.4 0.080 neglect
BD 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.080 *0.1067
DE 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.080 *0.1067
EF 0.5 0 0 0.4 0.080 neglect
2.0 0.8 0.320 0.2133
* 1 1 Ay 0.8
ABD h 2 = (0.5)(1.6)2 = 0.1067 in 4 Y = = = 0.4 in.
12 12 A 2.0
I = Ad 2 + I = 0.5333 in 4
(a) Qm = QAB + QBC
QAB = (2)(0.25)(0.4) = 0.2 in 3
QBC = (0.5)(0.25)(0.2) = 0.025 in 3
Qm = 0.225 in 3
VQm (1.2)(0.225)
m = = m = 2.03 ksi
It (0.5333)(0.25)
(b) QB = QAB = 0.2 in 3
VQB (1.2)(0.2)
B = = B = 1.800 ksi
It (0.5333)(0.25)
D = 0
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.48
A plate of 4-mm thickness is bent as shown and then used as a beam. For a
vertical shear of 12 kN, determine (a) the shearing stress at point A, (b) the
maximum shearing stress in the beam. Also, sketch the shear flow in the cross
section.
SOLUTION
20
tan = = 22.62
48
Slanted side: As = (4 sec )(48) = 208 mm 2

1
Is = (4 sec )(48)3 = 39.936 103 mm 4
12
1
Top: IT = (50)(4)3 + (50)(4)(24)2 = 115.46 103 mm 4
12
Bottom: I B = IT = 115.46 103 mm 4
I = 2I s + IT + I B = 310.8 103 mm 4 = 310.8 109 m 4
(a) QA = (25)(4)(24) = 2.4 103 mm3 = 2.4 106 m3

t = 4 mm = 4 103 m
VQA (12 103 )(2.4 106 )

A = = = 23.2 106 Pa A = 23.2 MPa
It (310.8 109 )(4 103 )
(b) Maximum shearing occurs at point M, 24 mm above the bottom
QM = QA + (4 sec )(24)(12) = 2.4 103 + 1.248 103 = 3.648 103 mm3

= 3.648 106 m3
VQM (12 103 )(3.648 106 )

M = = = 35.2 106 Pa M = 35.2 MPa
It (310.8 109 )(4 103 )
QB = QA B = A = 23.2 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.49
A plate of 2-mm thickness is bent as shown and then used as a beam. For a vertical
shear of 5 kN, determine the shearing stress at the five points indicated and sketch the
shear flow in the cross section.
SOLUTION
1 1 1
I = 2 (2)(48)3 + (2)(52)3 + (20)(2)3 + (20)(2)(25) 2
12 12 12
= 133.75 103 mm 4 = 133.75 109 mm 4
Qa = (2)(24)(12) = 576 mm3 = 576 109 mm3
Qa = 0
Qc = Qb (12)(2)(25) = 600 mm3 = 600 109 m3
Qd = Qc (2)(24)(12) = 1.176 103 mm3 = 1.176 106 m3
Qe = Qd + (2)(26)(13) = 600 mm3 = 500 109 m3
VQa (5 103 )(576 109 )

a = = = 10.77 106 Pa a = 10.76 MPa
It (133.75 109 )(2 103 )
VQb
b = b = 0
It
VQc (5 103 )(600 109 )

c = = = 11.21 106 Pa c = 11.21 MPa
It (133.75 109 )(2 103 )
VQd (5 103 )(1.176 106 )

d = = = 22.0 106 Pa d = 22.0 MPa
It (133.75 109 )(2 103 )
VQe (5 103 )(500 109 )

e = = = 9.35 106 Pa e = 9.35 MPa
It (133.75 109 )(2 103 )
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.50
A plate of thickness t is bent as shown and then used as a beam. For a

vertical shear of 600 lb, determine (a) the thickness t for which the
maximum shearing stress is 300 psi, (b) the corresponding shearing
stress at point E. Also, sketch the shear flow in the cross section.
SOLUTION
LBD = LEF = 4.82 + 22 = 5.2 in.

Neutral axis lies at 2.4 in. above AB.
Calculate I.
I AB = (3t )(2.4)2 = 17.28t
1
I BD = (5.2t )(4.8)2 = 9.984t
12
I DE = (6t )(2.4) 2 = 34.56t
I EF = I DB = 9.984t
I FG = I AB = 17.28t
I = I = 89.09t
(a) At point C, QC = QAB + QBC = (3t )(2.4) + (2.6t )(1.2) = 10.32t
VQC VQ (600)(10.32t )
= t = = = 0.23168 in. t = 0.232 in.
It I (300)(89.09t )
(b) I = (89.09)(0.23168) = 20.64 in 4
QE = QEF + QFG
= 0 + (3)(0.23168)(2.4) = 1.668 in 3
VQE (600)(1.668)
E = = E = 209 psi
It (20.64)(0.23168)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.51
The design of a beam calls for connecting two vertical rectangular 83 4 -in. plates
by welding them to horizontal 12 2 -in. plates as shown. For a vertical shear V,
determine the dimension a for which the shear flow through the welded surface is
maximum.
SOLUTION
3
1 3 1 1 1
I = (2) (4)3 + (2) (2) + (2)(2) a 2
12 8 12 2 2
= 4.041667 + 2a 2 in 4
1
Q = (2) a = a in 3
2
VQ Va dq
q= = Set = 0.
I 4.041667 + 2a 2 da
dq (4.041667 + 2a 2 ) (a)(4a)
= V = 0
da (4.041667 + 2a 2 ) 2
2a 2 = 4.041667
a = 1.422 in.

without permission.
PROBLEM 6.52
An extruded beam has a uniform wall thickness t. Denoting by V the vertical

shear and by A the cross-sectional area of the beam, express the maximum
shearing stress as max = k (V/A) and determine the constant k for each of the
two orientations shown.
SOLUTION
3
(a) h= a a
2 (b) h=
2
A1 = A2 = at
A1 = at
3 3 1
I1 = A1h2 = ath 2 = at A2 = at
4 2
1 1 3 1
I 2 = A2 h2 = at a 2 = a3t I1 = I1 + A1d 2
3 3 4 4 2
5 3 1 a h
I = 2 I1 + 4 I 2 = a t = ath 2 + at +
2 12 2 2
1 3 9 7
3 2 = a t + a 3t = a 3t
Q1 = A1h = a t 48 16 12
2
3
h 3 2 1 a 1 3
Q2 = A2 = a t I2 = t = at
2 4 3 2 24
Qm = Q1 + 2Q2 = 3a 2 t 5
I = 4 I1 + 4 I 2 = a3t
VQ V 3a 2t 3V 2
m = = = a h 3 2
I (2t ) ( 5
2
3
)
a t 2t 5 at Q1 = at + = a t
2 2 4
6 3 V 6 3V V 1 a 1
= = =k Q2 = at = a 2 t
5 6at 5 A A 2 4 8
6 3 7
k= k = 2.08 Q = 2Q1 + 2Q2 = a 3t
5 4
VQ V 74 a3t
m = =
I (2t ) 5 3
2 ( )
a t (2t )
7 V 42 V 21 V
= = =
20 at 20 6at 10 A
V 21
=k k= = 2.10
A 10
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.53
An extruded beam has a uniform wall thickness t. Denoting by V the vertical shear
and by A the cross-sectional area of the beam, express the maximum shearing
stress as max = k (V/A) and determine the constant k for each of the two
orientations shown.
SOLUTION
2
a 1
(a) I1 = ( at ) = a 3t 1
2
4 (b) h= 2a
2
3
1 a 1 3 2
I2 = t = at 1 1 2
3 2 24 I1 = A1h 2 = at a
3 3 2
2
I = 2 I1 + 4 I 2 = a3t 1
3 = a 3t
6
a 1
Q1 = ( at ) = a 2 t 2
2 2 I = 4 I1 = a3t
3
1 a 1 h 1
Q2 = at = a 2 t Q1 = at = 2 a 2t
2 4 8 2
4
3
Q = Q1 + 2Q2 = a 2 t Q = 2Q1 =
1
2a 2t
4 2
max =
VQ
=
(
V 34 a 2 t ) VQ (
V 12 2 a 2 t )
I (2t )
3 (
2 3
)
a t (2t ) max =
I (2t )
=
(2 3
)
a t (2t )
3
9 V 9 V 9V
= = = 3 2 V 3 2 V
16 at 4 4at 4 A = =
8 at 2 4at
V 9
=k k= = 2.25 3 2 V V 3 2
A 4 = =k k= = 2.12
2 A A 2
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.54
(a) Determine the shearing stress at point P of a thin-walled pipe of the cross section
shown caused by a vertical shear V. (b) Show that the maximum shearing stress occurs for
= 90 and is equal to 2V/A, where A is the cross-sectional area of the pipe.
SOLUTION
1
A = 2 rm t J = Arm2 = 2 rm3 t I= J = rm3t
2
sin
r= for a circular arc.

AP = 2r t
QP = AP r = 2rt sin
VQP (V )(2rt sin ) V sin

(a) P = = P =
I (2t ) ( )
rm3t (2t ) rm t
2V sin 2 2V
(b) m = m =
2 rm t A
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.55
For a beam made of two or more materials with different moduli of elasticity, show that Eq. (6.6)
VQ
ave =
It
remains valid provided that both Q and I are computed by using the transformed section of the beam
(see Sec. 4.6), and provided further that t is the actual width of the beam where ave is computed.
SOLUTION
Let Eref be a reference modulus of elasticity.
E1 E
n1 = , n2 = 2 , etc.
Eref Eref
Widths b of actual section are multiplied by ns to obtain the transformed section. The bending stress
distribution in the cross section is given by
nMy
x =
I
where I is the moment of inertia of the transformed cross section and y is measured from the centroid of the
transformed section.
The horizontal shearing force over length x is
n(M ) y (M ) Q ( M )

H = ( x ) dA = I
dA =
I
ny dA =
I

Q = ny dA = first moment of transformed section.
H M Q VQ
Shear flow: q= = =
x x I I
q
q is distributed over actual width t, thus = .
t
VQ
=
It
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.56
A steel bar and an aluminum bar are bonded together as shown to form a
composite beam. Knowing that the vertical shear in the beam is 4 kips and that
the modulus of elasticity is 29 106 psi for the steel and 10.6 106 psi for the
aluminum, determine (a) the average stress at the bonded surface, (b) the
maximum shearing stress in the beam. (Hint: Use the method indicated in Prob.
6.55.)
SOLUTION
n = 1 in aluminum.
29 106 psi
n= = 2.7358 in steel.
10.6 106 psi
Part nA (in 2 ) y (in.) nA y (in 3 ) d (in.) nAd 2 (in 2 ) nI (in 4 )
Steel 8.2074 2.0 16.4148 0.2318 0.4410 2.7358

Alum. 1.5 0.5 0.75 1.2682 2.4125 0.1250
9.7074 17.1648 2.8535 2.8608
nA y 17.1648
Y = = = 1.7682 in.
A 9.7074
I = nAd 2 + nI = 5.7143 in 4
(a) At the bonded surface, Q = (1.5)(1.2682) = 1.9023 in 3
VQ (4)(1.9023)
= = = 0.888 ksi
It (5.7143)(1.5)
1.2318
(b) At the neutral axis, Q = (2.7358)(1.5)(1.2318) = 3.1133 in 3
2
VQ (4)(3.1133)
max = = max = 1.453 ksi
It (5.7143)(1.5)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.57
A steel bar and an aluminum bar are bonded together as shown to form a
composite beam. Knowing that the vertical shear in the beam is 4 kips and that
the modulus of elasticity is 29 106 psi for the steel and 10.6 106 psi for the
aluminum, determine (a) the average stress at the bonded surface, (b) the
maximum shearing stress in the beam. (Hint: Use the method indicated in
Prob. 6.55.)
SOLUTION
n = 1 in aluminum.
29 106 psi
n= = 2.7358 in steel.
10.6 106 psi
Part nA (in 2 ) y (in.) nA y (in 3 ) d (in.) nAd 2 (in 2 ) nI (in 4 )
Alum. 3.0 2.0 6.0 0.8665 2.2525 1.0

Steel 4.1038 0.5 2.0519 0.6335 1.6469 0.3420
7.1038 8.0519 3.8994 1.3420
nA y 8.0519
Y = = = 1.1335 in.
nA 7.1038
I = nAd 2 + nI = 5.2414 in 4
(a) At the bonded surface, Q = (1.5)(2)(0.8665) = 2.5995 in 3
VQ (4)(2.5995)
= = = 1.323 ksi
It (5.2414)(1.5)
1.8665 3
(b) At the neutral axis, Q = (1.5)(1.8665) = 2.6129 in
2
VQ (4)(2.6129)
max = = max = 1.329 ksi
It (5.2814)(1.5)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.58
A composite beam is made by attaching the timber and steel portions shown with
bolts of 12-mm diameter spaced longitudinally every 200 mm. The modulus of
elasticity is 10 GPa for the wood and 200 GPa for the steel. For a vertical shear of
4 kN, determine (a) the average shearing stress in the bolts, (b) the shearing stress at
the center of the cross section. (Hint: Use the method indicated in Prob. 6.55.)
SOLUTION
Let Eref = Es = 200 GPa

Ew 10 GPa 1
ns = 1 nw = = =
Es 200 GPa 20
Widths of transformed section:

1
bs = 150 mm bw = (150) = 7.5 mm
20
1 1
I = 2 (150)(12)3 + (150)(12)(125 + 6) 2 + (7.5)(250)3
12 12
= 2[0.0216 106 + 30.890 106 ] + 9.766 106
= 71.589 106 mm 4 = 71.589 106 m 4
(a) Q1 = (150)(12)(125 + 6) = 235.8 103 mm3 = 235.8 106 m3
VQ1 (4 103 )(235.8 106 )

q= = 6
= 13.175 103 N/m
I 71.589 10
Fbolt = qs = (23.187 103 )(200 103 ) = 2.635 103 N

Abolt = 2
d bolt = (12)2 = 113.1 mm 2 = 113.1 106 m 2
4 4
Fbolt 2.635 103
bolt = = 6
= 23.3 106 Pa bolt = 23.3 MPa
Abolt 113.1 10
(b) Q2 = Q1 + (7.5)(125)(62.5) = 235.8 103 + 58.594 103 = 294.4 103 mm3 = 294.4 106 m3
t = 150 mm = 150 103 m

VQ2 (4 103 )(294.4 106 )
c = = = 109.7 103 Pa c = 109.7 kPa
It (71.589 106 )(150 103 )
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.59
A composite beam is made by attaching the timber and steel portions shown with
bolts of 12-mm diameter spaced longitudinally every 200 mm. The modulus of
elasticity is 10 GPa for the wood and 200 GPa for the steel. For a vertical shear of
4 kN, determine (a) the average shearing stress in the bolts, (b) the shearing stress
at the center of the cross section. (Hint: Use the method indicated in Prob. 6.55.)
SOLUTION
Let steel be the reference material.
Ew 10 GPa
ns = 1.0 nw = = = 0.05
Es 200 GPa
Depth of section: d = 90 + 84 + 90 = 264 mm

1 1
For steel portion: Is = 2 bd 3 = (2) (6)(264)3 = 18.400 106 mm 4
12 12
For the wooden portion: Iw =

1
12
(
b d13 d 23 =) 1
12
(140)(2643 843 ) = 207.75 106 mm 4
For the transformed section: I = ns I s + nw I w
I = (1.0)(18.400 106 ) + (0.05)(207.75 106 ) = 28.787 106 mm 4 = 28.787 106 m 4

(a) Shearing stress in the bolts.
For the upper wooden portion Qw = (90)(140)(42 + 45) = 1.0962 106 mm3
For the transformed wooden portion
Q = nwQw = (0.05)(1.0962 106 ) = 54.81 103 mm3 = 54.81 106 m3

Shear flow on upper wooden portion.
VQ (4000)(54.81 106 )
q = = = 7616 N/m
I 28.787 106
Fbolt = qs = (7616)(0.200) = 1523.2 N

Abolt = 2
d bolt = (12)2 = 113.1 mm 2 = 113.1 106 m 2
4 4
Fbolt 1523.2
Double shear: bolt = =
2 Abolt (2)(113.1 106 )
= 6.73 106 Pa bolt = 6.73 MPa
without permission.
(b) Shearing stress at the center of the cross section.
For two steel plates Qs = (2)(6)(90 + 42)(90 42) = 76.032 103 mm3 = 76.032 106 m3
For the neutral axis Q = 54.81 106 + 76.032 106 = 130.842 106 m3
Shear flow across the neutral axis
VQ (4000)(130.842 106 )
q = = 6
= 18.181 103 N/m
I 28.787 10
Double thickness 2t = 12 mm = 0.012 m
q 18.181 103
Shearing stress = = = 1.515 106 Pa
2t 0.012
= 1.515 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.60
Consider the cantilever beam AB discussed in Sec. 6.8 and the

portion ACKJ of the beam that is located to the left of the transverse
section CC and above the horizontal plane JK, where K is a point at
a distance y < yY above the neutral axis. (See Figure). (a) Recalling
that x = Y between C and E and x = ( Y /yY ) y between E and K,
show that the magnitude of the horizontal shearing force H exerted
on the lower face of the portion of beam ACKJ is
1 y2
H= b Y 2c yY
2 yY
(b) Observing that the shearing stress at K is
H 1 H 1 H
xy = lim = lim =
A 0 A x 0 b x b x
and recalling that yY is a function of x defined by Eq. (6.14), derive

Eq. (6.15).
SOLUTION
Point K is located a distance y above the neutral axis.
The stress distribution is given by
y
= Y for 0 y < yY and = Y for yY y c.
yY
without permission.
For equilibrium of horizontal forces acting on ACKJ,

yY Y yb c

H = dA = y yY
dy + yY
Y bdy
Y b yY2 y 2

= + y b(c yY )
yY 2
1 y2
H = b Y 2c yY (a)
2 yY
Note that yY is a function of x.
1H 1 yY y 2 dyY
xy = = Y +
b x 2 x yY 2 dx

1 y 2 dyY
= Y 1
2 yY 2 dx
3 1 yY2
But M = Px = M y 1
2 3 c 2

dM 3 2 yY dyY
Differentiating, = P = MY 2
dx 2 3 c dx
dyY Pc 2 Pc 2 3 P
= = =
dx yY M Y yY 3 Y bc
2 2
2 Y byY
1 y2 3 P 3P y2
Then xy = Y 1 = 1 (b)
2 yY 2 2 Y b Y 4byY yY 2

without permission.
PROBLEM 6.61
Determine the location of the shear center O of a thin-walled beam of uniform

thickness having the cross section shown.
SOLUTION
2
1 3 3a 7
I AB = I FG = ta + (ta) = ta3
12 2 3
1
I DB = I EF = (2at ) a 2 + (2a) t 3 2a3t
12
1 2 28
I DE = t (2a )3 = ta 3 I = I = ta3
12 3 3
2a + y
Part AB: A = t (2a y ); y=
3
1
Q = Ay = t (2a y ) (2a + y )
2
1
=t (4a 2 y 2 )
2
VQ V
= = (4a 2 y 2 )
It 2I
V 2a

F1 = dA =
a 2I
(4a 2 y 2 ) tdy
Vt 2 y 3 2 a Vta3 (2)3 1
= 4a y = (4)(2) (4)(1) +
2I 3 a 2I 3 3
5 Vta 3 5
= = V
6 I 56
without permission.
3a
Part DB: Q = (ta ) + txa
2
3a
= ta + x
2
VQ Va 3a
= = + x
It I 2
3a
2 a Va Vta 2 a 3a

F2 = dA =
0
+ x tdx =
I 2 I 0

2
+ x dx

Vta 3ax x 2 2a
Vta3 (3) (2) (2) 2
= + = +
I 2 2 0 I 2 2
3
Vta 15
=5 = V
I 28
MH = M H: Ve = F2 (2a ) 2 F1 (2a)
30 20 5
= Va Va = Va
28 56 7
5
e= a = 0.714a
7
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.62

SOLUTION
2
3a 1 9
I AB = I HJ = at + at 3 ta3
2 12 4
2
a 1 1
I DE = I FG = at + at 3 ta 2
2 12 4
1 9
I AH = t (3a)3 = ta 3
12 4
29 3
I = I = ta
4
3a 3
Part AB: A = tx y= Q = atx
2 2
VQ V 3
atx 6Vx
= = 2
3
=
It 29
4
ta t 29a 2 t
a 6Vx 6V a 3

F1 = dA = 0 2
29a t
tdx =
29a 2 0
x dx =
29
V
a 1
Part DE: A = tx y= Q = atx
2 2
VQ V 2 atx
1
2Vx
= = 3
=
It 29
4
ta t 29 a 2t
a 2Vx 2V a 1

F2 = dA = 0 2
29a t
t dx =
29a 2 0
xdx =
29
V
M K = M K : Ve = F1 (3a ) + F2 (a)
9 1 10
= Va + Va = Va
29 29 29
10
e= a e = 0.345a
29
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.63
An extruded beam has the cross section shown. Determine

(a) the location of the shear center O, (b) the distribution of the shearing stresses
caused by the vertical shearing force V shown applied at O.
SOLUTION
1 192 1
2
I = 2 (72) (12)3 + (72) (12) + (6) (192)
3
12 2 12
= 19.4849 106 mm 4 = 19.4849 106 m 4
192
Part AB: A = 12 x Q = A y = (12 x) = 1152 x
2
VQ 1152Vx
q= =
I I
x = 0 at point A. x = l AB = 72 mm at point B.
x 72 1152Vx 1152V (72)2

F1 = xAB qdx = 0 dx =
I I 2
2
(576) (72)
= V = 0.153246V
19.4849 106
MC = M C: Ve = (0.153246V ) (192)
(a) e = 29.423 mm e = 29.4 mm

(b) Point A: x = 0 Q = 0, q=0 A = 0
Point B in part AB: x = 72 mm
Q = (1152) (72) = 82.944 103 mm3 82.944 106 m3

t = 12 mm = 0.012 m
VQ (110 103 )(82.944 106 )
B = =
It (19.4849 106 )(0.012)
= 39.0 106 Pa B = 39.0 MPa in AB

without permission.
Part BD:
Point B: y = 96 mm Q = 82.944 103 mm3 = 82.944 106 m3

t = 6 mm = 0.006 m
VQ (110 103 ) (82.944 106 )
B = =
It (19.4849 106 ) (0.006)
= 78.0 106 Pa B = 78.0 MPa in BD

Point C: y = 0, t = 6 mm = 0.006 m
96
Q = 82.944 103 + (6) (96) = 110.592 103 mm3 = 110.592 106 m3
2
VQ (110.103 ) (110.592 106 )

= = 6
= 104.1 106 Pa C = 104.1 MPa
It (19.4849 10 ) (0.006)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.64
An extruded beam has the cross section shown. Determine (a) the location of the
shear center O, (b) the distribution of the shearing stresses caused by the vertical
shearing force V shown applied at O.
SOLUTION
1 3 192 1
2
3
I = 2 (72) (6) + (72) (6) + (12) (192)
12 2 12
= 15.0431 106 mm 4 = 15.0431 106 m 4
192
Part AB: A = 6x Q = Ay = (6 x) = 576 x
2
VQ 576Vx
q= =
I I
x = 0 at point A. x = l AB = 72 mm at point B.
xB 72 576Vx 576V (72)2
F1 = xA
qdx = 0 I
dx =
I 2
2
(288) (72)
= V = 0.099247 V
15.0431 106
MC = M C : Ve = (0.099247 ) V (192)
(a) e = 19.0555 mm e = 19.06 mm
(b) Point A: x = 0 Q = 0, q=0 A = 0
Point B in part AB: x = 72 mm
Q = (576) (72) = 41.472 103 mm3 = 41.472 106 m3

t = 6 mm = 0.006 m
VQ (110 103 )(41.472 106 )
B = =
It (15.0431 106 )(0.006)
= 50.5 106 Pa B = 50.5 MPa
without permission.
Part BD:
Point B: y = 96 mm Q = 41.472 103 mm3 = 41.472 106 m3

t = 12 mm = 0.012 m
VQ (110 103 ) (41.472 106 )
B = =
It (15.0431 106 ) (0.012)
= 25.271 106 Pa B = 25.3 MPa

Point C: y = 0, t = 0.012 m
96
Q = 41.472 103 + (12) (96) = 96.768 103 mm3 = 96.768 106 m3
2
VQ (110 103 ) (96.768 106 )

= = 6
= 58.967 106 Pa C = 59.0 MPa
It (15.0431 10 ) (0.012)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.65
An extruded beam has the cross section shown. Determine (a) the location of
the shear center O, (b) the distribution of the shearing stresses caused by the
vertical shearing force V shown applied at O.
SOLUTION
Part A (in2) d (in.) Ad 2 (in 4 ) I (in 4 )
BD 0.50 3 4.50 0
ABEG 1.25 0 0 10.417
EF 0.50 3 4.50 0
2.25 9.00 10.417
I = Ad 2 + I = 19.417 in 4
(a) Part BD: Q( x) = 3 tx
VQ ( x) V
q ( x) = = (3tx)
I I
3Vt 4 3Vt 24Vt
FBD =
I 0
xdx =
I
(8) =
I
72Vt
Its moment about H: ( M BD ) H = 3 FBD =
I
24Vt 72Vt
Part EF: By same method, FEF = ( M EF ) H =
I I
Moments of FAB , FBE , and FEG about H are zero.
72Vt 72Vt 144Vt

Ve = M H = + =
I I I
144 t (144) (0.125)
e= = e = 0.927 in.
I 19.417
without permission.
(b) At A, D, F , and G : Q=0 A = D = F = G = 0

Just above B: Q1 = QAB = (2t )(4) = 8 t
VQ1 (2.75) (8t )

1 = = 1 = 1.133 ksi
It (19.417) t
Just to the right of B: Q2 = QBD = (3) t (4) = 12t
VQ2 (2.75)(12t )
2 = = 2 = 1.700 ksi
It (19.417) t
Just below B: Q3 = Q1 + Q2 = 20t
VQ3 (2.75)(20t )
3 = = 3 = 2.83 ksi
It (19.417) t
At H (neutral axis): QH = Q3 + QBH = 20t + t (3)(1.5) = 24.5 t
VQH (2.75) (24.5t )

H = = H = 3.47 ksi
It (19.417) t
By symmetry: 4 = 3 = 2.83 ksi

5 = 2 = 1.700 ksi
6 = 1 = 1.133 ksi
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.66
An extruded beam has the cross section shown. Determine (a) the
location of the shear center O, (b) the distribution of the shearing stresses
caused by the vertical shearing force V shown applied at O.
SOLUTION
1
I AB = (0.125)(3)3 = 1.125 in 4
3
1
I BD = (4) (0.125)3 + (4)(0.125)(3) 2 = 4.50065 in 4
12
1
I DE = (0.125) (6)3 = 2.25 in 4
12
I EF = I BD = 4.50065 in 4
I FG = I AB = 1.125 in 4
I = I = 13.50 in 4
y
(a) Part AB: Q ( y ) = ty = 0.5ty 2
2
VQ( y ) 0.5Vt 2
q( y ) = = y
I I
3 0.5Vt 3 Vt

FAB = q ( y ) dy =
0 I 0
y 2 dy = 4.5
I

Vt
Its moment about H is 4 FAB = 18
I
QB = (0.5) (t )(3)2 = 4.5 t
Part BD: Q( x) = QB + xt (3) = (4.5 + 3x) t

Vq( x) Vt
q ( x) = = (4.5 + 3x)
I I
4 t 4 Vt
FBD
= q( x) dx =
0 I 0
(4.5 + 3x) dx = 42
I
Vt
Its moment about H : 3FBD = 126
I
QD = [4.5 + (3)(4)] t = 16.5 t
without permission.
Vt
Part EF: By symmetry with part BD, FEF = 42
I
Vt
Its moment about H is 3 FEF = 126
I
VT
Part FG: By symmetry with part AB, FFG = 4.5
I
Vt
Its moment about H is 4. FFG = 18
I
Moment about H of force in part DE is zero.
Vt 144Vt
Ve = M H = (18 + 126 + 0 + 126 + 18) =
I I
144 t (2.88) (0.125)
e= = e = 2.67 in.
I 13.50
(b) QA = QG = 0 A = G = 0
QB = QF = 4.5t
VQB (2.75) (4.5 t )

B =F = = B = F = 0.917 ksi
It 13.50 t
QD = QE = 16.5t
VQ0 (2.75) (16.5t )

D =E = = D = E = 3.36 ksi
It 13.50 t
At H (neutral axis): QH = QD + t (3)(1.5) = 21t
VQH (2.75) (21t )

H = = H = 4.28 ksi
It 13.50t
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.67
An extruded beam has the cross section shown. Determine (a) the location
of the shear center O, (b) the distribution of the shearing stresses caused by
the vertical shearing force V shown applied at O.
SOLUTION
1
I AB = I HJ = (30)(6)3 + (30)(6)(45)2 = 0.365 106 mm 4
12
1
I DE = I FG = (30)(4)3 + (30)(4)(15)2 = 0.02716 106 mm 4
12
1
I AH = (6)(90)3 = 0.3645 106 mm 4
12
I = I = 1.14882 106 mm 4
(a) For a typical flange, A( s ) = ts
Q( s ) = yts
VQ ( s ) Vyts
q( s ) = =
I I
b Vytb 2

F = q( s )ds =
0 2I
V (45)(6)(302 )
Flange AB: FAB = = 0.10576V
(2)(1.14882 106 )
V (15)(4)(30) 2
Flange DE: FDE = = 0.023502V
(2)(1.14882 106 )
Flange FG: FFG = 0.023502V
Flange HJ: FHJ = 0.10576V
M K = M K : Ve = 45 FAB + 15FDE + 15FFG

+ 45 FHJ = 10.223V
Dividing by V, e = 10.22 mm
without permission.
(b) Calculation of shearing stresses.
V = 35 103 N I = 1.14882 106 m 4

At B, E, G, and J, =0
At A and H,
Q = (30)(6)(45) = 8.1 103 mm3 = 8.1 106 m3
t = 6 103 m
VQ (35 103 )(8.1 106 )
= = = 41.1 106 Pa = 41.1 MPa
It (1.14882 106 )(6 103 )
Just above D and just below F:
Q = 8.1 103 + (6)(30)(30) = 13.5 103 mm3 = 13.5 106 m3
t = 6 103 m
VQ (35 103 )(13.5 106 )

= = = 68.5 106 Pa = 68.5 MPa
It (1.14882 106 )(6 103 )
Just to right of D and just to the right of F:
Q = (30)(4)(15) = 1.8 103 mm3 = 1.8 106 m3 t = 4 103 m
VQ (35 103 )(1.8 106 )

= = = 13.71 106 Pa = 13.71 MPa
It (1.14882 106 )(4 103 )
Just below D and just above F:
Q = 13.5 103 + 1.8 103 = 15.3 103 mm3 = 15.3 106 m3
t = 6 103 m
VQ (35 103 )(15.3 106 )

= = = 77.7 106 Pa = 77.7 MPa
It (1.14882 106 )(6 103 )
At K, Q = 15.3 103 + (6)(15)(7.5) = 15.975 103 mm3 = 15.975 106 m3
VQ (35 103 )(15.975 106 )

= = = 81.1 106 Pa = 81.1 MPa
It (1.14882 106 )(6 103 )
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.68
An extruded beam has the cross section shown. Determine (a) the location of
the shear center O, (b) the distribution of the shearing stresses caused by the
vertical shearing force V shown applied at O.
SOLUTION
1
I AB = I HJ = (30)(4)3 + (30)(4)(45)2 = 0.24316 106 mm 4
12
1
I DE = I FG = (30)(6)3 + (30)(6)(15)2 = 0.04104 106 mm 4
12
1
I AH = (6)(90)3 = 0.3645 106 mm 4
12
I = I = 0.9329 106 mm 4
(a) For a typical flange, A( s ) = ts
Q( s ) = yts
VQ ( s ) Vyts
q( s ) = =
I I
b Vytb 2

F = q( s )ds =
0 2I
V (45)(4)(30) 2
Flange AB: FAB = = 0.086826V
(2)(0.9329 106 )
V (15)(6)(30) 2
Flange DE: FDE = = 0.043413 V
(2)(0.9329 106 )
Flange FG: FFG = 0.043413 V
Flange HJ: FHJ = 0.086826 V
M K = M K : Ve = 45 FAB + 15FDE + 15FFG

+ 45 FHJ = 9.1167 V
without permission.
(b) Calculation of shearing stresses.
V = 35 103 N I = 0.9329 106 m 4

At B, E, G, and J, =0
At A and H, Q = (30)(4)(45) = 5.4 103 mm3 = 5.4 106 m3
VQ (35 103 )(5.4 106 )
q= = 6
= 202.59 103 N/m
I 0.9329 10
Just to the right of A and H: t = 4 103 m
q 202.59 103
= = = 50.6 106 Pa = 50.6 MPa
t 4 103
Just below A and just above H: t = 6 103 m
q 202.59 103
= = = 33.8 106 Pa = 33.8 MPa
t 6 103
Just above D and just below F: t = 6 103 m
Q = 5.4 103 + (6)(30)(30) = 10.8 103 mm3 = 10.8 106 m3
VQ (35 103 )(10.8 106 )

= = 6 6
= 67.5 106 Pa = 67.5 MPa
It (0.9329 10 )(6 10 )
Just to the right of D and E: t = 6 103 m
Q = (30)(6)(15) = 2.7 103 mm 2 = 2.7 106 m3
VQ (35 103 )(2.7 106 )

= = = 16.88 106 Pa = 16.88 MPa
It (0.9329 106 )(6 103 )
Just below D and just above F: t = 6 103
Q = 10.8 103 + 2.7 103 = 13.5 103 mm3 = 13.5 106 m3
VQ (35 103 )(13.5 106 )

= = = 84.4 106 Pa = 84.4 MPa
It (0.9329 106 )(6 106 )
At K, Q = 13.5 103 + (6)(15)(7.5) = 14.175 103 mm3 = 14.175 106 m3
VQ (35 103 )(14.175 106 )

= = = 88.6 106 Pa = 88.6 MPa
It (0.9329 106 )(6 103 )
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.69

SOLUTION
LAB = 42 + 32 = 5 in. AAB = 5t

1 1
I AB = AAB h 2 + AAB d 2 = (5t )(3)2 + (5t )(4)2 = 83.75 t in 4
12 12
1
I BD = (t )(5)3 = 10.417t in 4
12
I = 2 I AB + I BD = 177.917t in 4
In part BD, Q = QAB + QBY
1
Q = (5t )(4) + (2.5 y )t (2.5 + y )
2
1 1
= 20t + 3.125t ty 2 = 23.125 y 2 t
2 2
VQ 2.5 V (23.125 12 y 2 )t
=
It
FBD = dA = 2.5 It
tdy
2.5
Vt 2.5 1 2 Vt 1 3
=
I 23.125 2 y dy = I 23.125 y 6 y
2.5 2.5
Vt (2.5)3 Vt (110.417)
= 2 (23.125)(2.5) = = 0.62061V
I 6 177.917 t
10 10
M K = M K : V e = (0.62061V )
3 3
10
e= [1 0.62061] e = 1.265 in.
3
Note that the lines of action of FAB and FDE pass through point K. Thus, these forces have zero moment
about point K.
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.70
Determine the location of the shear center O of a thin-walled beam of

uniform thickness having the cross section shown.
SOLUTION
1
I DB = (6) (35)3 = 85.75 103 mm 4
3
LAB = 70 mm AAB = (70) (6) = 420 mm 2
1 1
I AB = AAB h 2 = (420)(35)2 = 171.5 103 mm 4
3 3
I = (2)(85.75 103 ) + (2)(171.5 103 ) = 514.5 103 mm 4
Part AB: A = ts = 6s
1 1
y= s sin 30 = s
2 4
3 2
Q = Ay = s
2
VQ 3Vs 2
= =
It It
70 3Vs 2 3V 70

F1 = dA = 0 2 It
tds =
I 0
s 2 ds
(3)(70)3 1
= V= V
(2)(3) I 3
M D = M D: Ve = 2[( F1 cos 60) (70 sin 60)]

= 20.2V
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.71

SOLUTION
I AB = (40t ) (60) 2 = 144 103 t

LDB = 802 + 602 = 100 mm ADB = 100 t
1 1
I DB = ADB h 2 = (100t )(60) 2 = 120 103 t
3 3
I = 2 I AB + 2 I DB = 528 103 t
Part AB: A = tx y = 60 mm
Q = A y = 60 tx mm3
VQ V (60 tx) 60 Vx
= = =
It It I
40 60Vx 60Vt 40

F1 = dA =
0 I
tdx =
I 0
xdx
30
60Vt x 2 (60) (30) 2 Vt
= = = 0.051136V
I 2 0 (2) (528 103 ) t
M D = M D: Ve = (0.051136V ) (120) e = 6.14 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.72

SOLUTION
1
I AB = (1.5) (0.1)3 + (1.5) (0.1)(2) 2 = 0.600125 in 4
12
LBD = 1.52 + 22 = 2.5 in. ABD = (2.5) (0.1) = 0.25 in 2
1 1
I BD = ABD h 2 = (0.25)(2)2 = 0.33333 in 4
3 3
I = 2 I AB + 2 I BD = 1.86692 in 4
Part AB: A ( x) = tx = 0.1 x, y = 2 in.

Q ( x) = A( x) y = 0.2 x in 3
VQ( x) 0.2Vx
q ( x) = =
I I
1.5 0.2V 1.5
F1 =
0 q ( x) dx =
I
0
xdx
(0.2) (1.5) 2 V V
= = 0.225
2 I I
V
Likewise, by symmetry in part EF: F1 = 0.225
I
V
M D = M D: Ve = 4 F1 = 0.9 = 0.482V
I
Dividing by V, e = 0.482 in.
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.73
Determine the location of the shear center O of a thin-walled beam of uniform thickness
having the cross section shown.
SOLUTION
For a thin-walled hollow circular cross section, A = 2 at

1
J = a 2 A = 2 a3t I= J = a 3t
2

For the half-pipe section, I= a 3t
2
Use polar coordinate for partial cross section.
A = st = a t s = arc length
sin
r =a where =
2
sin cos
y = r cos = a

sin cos
Q = Ay = a t a = a 2 t (2 sin cos )

= a 2 t sin 2 = a 2 t sin
VQ Va 2
= = sin
It I

Va 2 Va 4t

M H = a dA = 0
a
I
sin tad =
I
cos
0
4
Va t 4
=2 = Va
I
4
But M H = Ve, hence e= a = 1.273a

without permission.
PROBLEM 6.74

SOLUTION
For whole cross section, A = 2 at

1
J = Aa 2 = 2 a3t I= J = a 3t
2
Use polar coordinate for partial cross section.
A = st = a t s = arc length
sin 1
r =a where =
2
2
sin
y = r sin = a

sin 2
Q = Ay = a t a = a 2 t 2 sin 2

= a 2 t 2sin 2 = a 2 t (1 cos )
2
VQ Va 2
= = (1 cos )
It I
2
2 Va3 Va 4 t

M C = a dA = 0 I
(1 cos ) tad =
I
( sin )
0
4
2 Va t
= = 2aV
a 3t
But M C = Ve, hence e = 2a
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.75
A thin-walled beam has the cross section shown. Determine the

location of the shear center O of the cross section.
SOLUTION
1 3 1
I= t1h1 + t2 h23
12 12
1
Right flange: A = h2 y t2
2
11
y = h2 + y t2
22
Q = Ay
11 1
= h2 y h2 + y t2
22 2
11
= h22 y 2 t2
24
VQ V 1 2 2
= = 4 h2 y t2
It2 2 It2
h2 /2
h2 / 2Vt2 1 2 Vt 1 2 y3

F2 = dA =
h2 / 2 2 I t 4
2
h2 y 2 t2 dy = 2
2I
h2 y
4 3 h2 /2
Vt2 1 2 h 1 h 1 2 h 1 h Vt h3
3
V t h3
3
2
= h2 2 + h2 2 2 = 2 2 = 3 2 2 3
2I 4 2 3 2 4 2 3 2 12 I t1h1 + t2 h2
t2 h23b
MH = M H: Ve = F2 b = V
t1h13 + t2 h23
t2 h23b (0.75)(6)3 (8)
e= = e = 2.37 in.
t1h13 + t2 h23 (0.75) (8)3 + (0.75) (6)3
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.76
A thin-walled beam has the cross section shown. Determine the location of
the shear center O of the cross section.
SOLUTION
1
Let h1 = AB, h2 = DE , and h3 = FG. I= t (h13 + h23 + h33 )
12
1 11
Part AB: A = h1 y t y = h1 + y
2 22
1 1 1 1 1
Q = Ay = t h1 y h1 + y = t h12 y 2
2 2 2 2 4
VQ V 1 2
= = h1 y 2
It 2I 4
1h
1h
V 1 2 2 Vt 1 2 y3

2 1 2 1
F1 = dA = 4 h1 y tdy = 2 I 4 h1 y 3
1h
2 1 2I 1 h1
2
Vt 1 2 1
3
1 h Vt h13 h3V
= h1 h1 1 = = 3 13
I 4 2 3 2 12 I
h1 + h2 + h33
h23 V
Likewise, for part DE, F2 =
h13 + h23 + h33
h33 V
and for part FG, F3 =
h13 + h23 + h33
a2 h23 + a3 h33
MH = M H : Ve = a2 F2 + a3 F3 = V
h13 + h23 + h3
a2 h23 + a3 h33 (3)(5)3 + (5)(4)3

Dividing by V, e= = e = 2.21 in.
h13 + h23 + h32 53 + 53 + 43
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.77
A thin-walled beam of uniform thickness has the cross section shown. Determine the
dimension b for which the shear center O of the cross section is located at the point
indicated.
SOLUTION
1
Part AB: A( s ) = ts y ( s) = y A
s
2
1
Q( s ) = A( s ) y ( s ) = ty A s ts 2
2
VQ( s ) Vt 1
q( s ) = = yAs s2
I I 2
l AB
FAB = 0
q ( s ) ds
Vt y Al AB
2
l3
= AB
I 2 6
1 2
At B: QB = ty Al AB t l AB
2
By symmetry, FFG = FAB
Part BD: A( x) = tx
Q( x) = QB + yB A( x) = QB + t yB x
V Q( x) V
q ( x) = = (QB + tyB x)
I I
b V 1
FBD
0
= q ( x) dx = QB b + t yB b 2
I 2
By symmetry, FEF = FBD
FDE is not required, since its moment about O is zero.
without permission.
M O = 0 : b( FAB + FFG ) yB FBD + yF FEF = 0

2b FAB 2 yB FBD = 0
Vt y Al AB
2
l3 V 1 2
2b AB 2 yB QB b + tyB b
I 2 6 I 2
2Vt 1 2 1 3 2Vt 1 2 1 2 2
y A l AB l AB b y Al AB l AB yB b yB b = 0
I 2 6 I 2 2
2Vt
Dividing by and substituting numerical data,
I
1 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 2
(90) (60) (60) b (90)(60) (60) (30)b + (30) b = 0
2 6 2 2
126 103 b 108 103 b + 450 b 2 = 0
18 103 b 450 b 2 = 0 b = 0 and b = 40.0 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.78
A thin-walled beam of uniform thickness has the cross section shown. Determine
the dimension b for which the shear center O of the cross section is located at the
point indicated.
SOLUTION
Part AB: A = tx y = 60 mm
Q = Ay = 60tx mm3
VQ 60 Vx
= =
It I
30 60 Vx 60Vt 30

F1 = dA = 0 I
t dx =
I
0
x dx
30
60 Vt x 2 (60)(30)2 Vt Vt
= = = 27 103
I 2 0
2 I I
Part DE: A = tx y = 45 mm
Q = Ay = 45tx
VQ 45 Vx
= =
It I
b 45Vx 45Vt b 45b 2Vt

F2 = dA = O t dx = xdx =
I I O 2I
MO = MO : 0 = (2)(45) F2 (2)(60) F1
(45) 2 b2 (2)(60)(27 103 ) Vt = 0

I
(2)(60)(27 103 )
b2 = 2
= 1600 mm 2 b = 40 mm
45
Note that the pair of F1 forces form a couple. Likewise, the pair of F2 forces form a couple. The lines of
action of the forces in BDOGK pass through point O.
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.79
For the angle shape and loading of Sample Prob. 6.6, check that qdz = 0 along the horizontal leg of the

angle and qdy = P along its vertical leg.
SOLUTION
Refer to Sample Prob. 6.6.
3P(a z )(a 3z ) 3P 2
Along horizontal leg: f = = ( a 4az + 3z 2 )
4ta3 4ta3
a 3P a
qdz = 0
f t dz =
4a 3 0
(a 2 4az + 3z 2 )dz
a
3P z2 z2
= 3 a 2 z 4a + 3
4a 2 3 0
3P 3
= ( a 2a 3 + a 3 ) = 0
4a 3
3P(a y )(a + 5 y ) 3P 2
Along vertical leg: e = = (a + 4ay 5 y 2 )
4ta3 4ta3
a 3P a
qdy = 0
e t dy =
4a 3 0
(a 2 + 4ay 5 y 2 )dy
a
3P 2 y2 y3
= a y + 4 a 5
4a 3 2 3 0
3P 3 5 3P 4
= 3
a + 2a 3 a 3 = 3 a 3 = P
4a 3 4a 3
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.80
For the angle shape and loading of Sample Prob. 6.6, (a) determine the points where the shearing stress is
maximum and the corresponding values of the stress, (b) verify that the points obtained are located on the
neutral axis corresponding to the given loading.
SOLUTION
Refer to Sample Prob. 6.6.
3P(a y )(a + 5 y ) 3P 2
(a) Along vertical leg: e = = (a + 4ay 5 y 2 )
4ta3 4ta3
d e 3P 2
= (4a 10 y ) = 0 y= a
dy 4ta3 5
3P 2 2 2 3P 9 2
2
27 P
m = a + (4a) a (5) a = 3
a m =
4ta3 5 5 4ta 5 20 ta
3P(a z )(a 3z ) 3P 2
Along horizontal leg: f = = ( a 4az + 3z 2 )
4ta3 4ta3
d f 3P 2
= (4a + 6 z ) = 0 z= a
dz 4ta3 3
3P 2 2 2 3P 5 2
2
1 P
m = a (4a) a + (3) a = 3
a m =
4ta3 3 3 4ta 3 4 ta
3P
At the corner: y = 0, z = 0, =
4 ta
1 1 3
(b) I y = ta 3 I z = ta = 45
3 12
I z 1
tan = tan = = 14.036
I y 4
= 45 14.036 = 30.964
Ay at (a/2) 1
y= = = a
A 2at 4
Az at ( a/2) 1
z= = = a
A 2at 4
without permission.
Neutral axis intersects vertical leg at

y = y + z tan 30.964
1 1 2
= + tan 30.964 a = 0.400a y= a
4 4 5
Neutral axis intersects horizontal leg at
z = z + y tan (45 + )
1 1 2
= + tan 59.036 a = 0.667a z= a
4 4 3
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.81*
A steel plate, 160 mm wide and 8 mm thick, is bent to form the channel
shown. Knowing that the vertical load P acts at a point in the midplane of
the web of the channel, determine (a) the torque T that would cause the
channel to twist in the same way that it does under the load P,
(b) the maximum shearing stress in the channel caused by the load P.
SOLUTION
Use results of Example 6.06 with b = 30 mm, h = 100 mm, and t = 8 mm.
b 30
e= = = 9.6429 mm = 9.6429 103 m
2 + 3b 2 + (3)(30)
h 100
1 2 1
I= t h (6b + h) = (8)(100) 2 [(16)(30) + 100] = 1.86667 106 mm 4 = 1.86667 106 m 4
12 12
V = 15 103 N
(a) T = Ve = (15 103 )(9.6429 103 ) T = 144.64 N m
Stress at neutral axis due to V:

h h h 1
Q = bt + t = th(h + 4b)
2 2 4 8
1
= (8)(100) [100 + (4)(30) ] = 22 103 mm3 = 22 106 m3
8
t = 8 103 m
VQ (15 103 )(22 106 )
V = = 6 3
= 22.10 106 Pa = 22.10 MPa
It (1.86667 10 )(8 10 )
Stress due to T: a = 2b + h = 160 mm = 0.160 m
1 t 1 8
c1 = 1 0.630 = 1 (0.630) = 0.3228
3 a 3 160
T 144.64
V = = = 43.76 106 Pa = 43.76 MPa
c1at 2
(0.3228)(0.160)(8 103 )2
(b) By superposition, max = V + T max = 65.9 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.82*
Solve Prob. 6.81, assuming that a 6-mm-thick plate is bent to form the
channel shown.
PROBLEM 6.81* A steel plate, 160 mm wide and 8 mm thick, is bent to

form the channel shown. Knowing that the vertical load P acts at a point in
the midplane of the web of the channel, determine (a) the torque T that
would cause the channel to twist in the same way that it does under the
load P, (b) the maximum shearing stress in the channel caused by the load P.
SOLUTION
Use results of Example 6.06 with b = 30 mm, h = 100 mm, and t = 6 mm.
b 30
e= = = 9.6429 mm = 9.6429 103 m
2 + 3b 2 + (3)(30)
h 100
1 2 1
I= t h (6b + h) = (6)(100) 2 [(6)(30) + 100] = 1.400 106 mm 4 = 1.400 106 m 4
12 12
3
V = 15 10 N
(a) T = Ve = (15 103 )(9.6429 103 ) T = 144.64 N m

Stress at neutral axis due to V:
h h h 1
Q = bt + t = th(h + 4b)
2 2 4 8
1
= (6)(100) [100 + (4)(30) ] = 16.5 103 mm3 = 16.5 106 m3
8
t = 6 103 m
VQ (15 103 )(16.5 106 )
V = = 6 6
= 29.46 106 Pa = 29.46 MPa
It (1.400 10 )(6 10 )
Stress due to T: a = 2b + h = 160 mm = 0.160 m
1 t 1 6
c1 = 1 0.630 = 1 (0.630) = 0.32546
3 a 3 160
T 144.64
V = = = 77.16 106 Pa = 77.16 MPa
c1a t 2 (0.32546)(0.160)(6 103 ) 2
(b) By superposition, max = V + T max = 106.6 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.83
The cantilever beam AB, consisting of half of a thin-

walled pipe of 1.25-in. mean radius and 83 -in. wall
thickness, is subjected to a 500-lb vertical load.
Knowing that the line of action of the load passes
through the centroid C of the cross section of the
beam, determine (a) the equivalent force-couple
system at the shear center of the cross section,
(b) the maximum shearing stress in the beam. (Hint:
The shear center O of this cross section was shown
in Prob. 6.73 to be located twice as far from its
vertical diameter as its centroid C.)
SOLUTION
From the solution to Prob. 6.73,

I= a 3t Q = a 2 t sin
2
4
e= a Qmax = a 2t

For a half-pipe section, the distance from the center of the semi-circle to
the centroid is
2
x= a

At each section of the beam, the shearing force V is equal to P. Its line of
action passes through the centroid C. The moment arm of its moment
about the shear center O is
4 2 2
d =ex = a a= a

(a) Equivalent force-couple system at O.
2
V =P M 0 = Vd = Pa

Data: P = 500 lb a = 1.25 in.
V = 500 lb
2
M 0 = (500)(1.25) M 0 = 398 lb in

without permission.
PROBLEM 6.83* (Continued)
(b) Shearing stresses.

VQmax
(1) Due to V : V =
It
( P)( a 2 t ) 2P (2)(500)
V = = = = 679 psi
3 at (1.25)(0.375)
2 a t (t )

(2) Due to the torque. M 0 ,
For a long rectangular section of length l and width t, the shearing stress due to torque M 0 is
M0 1 t
M = 2
where c1 = 1 0.630
c1lt 3 l
Data: l = a = (1.25) = 3.927 in. t = 0.375 in. c1 = 0.31328
397.9
M = = 2300 psi
(0.31328)(3.927)(0.375)2
By superposition, = V + M = 679 psi + 2300 psi = 2980 psi
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.84
Solve Prob. 6.83, assuming that the thickness of the

beam is reduced to 14 in.
PROBLEM 6.83 The cantilever beam AB, consisting

of half of a thin-walled pipe of 1.25-in. mean radius
and 83 -in. wall thickness, is subjected to a 500-lb
vertical load. Knowing that the line of action of the
load passes through the centroid C of the cross section
of the beam, determine (a) the equivalent force-couple
system at the shear center of the cross section, (b) the
maximum shearing stress in the beam. (Hint: The
shear center O of this cross section was shown in Prob.
6.73 to be located twice as far from its vertical
diameter as its centroid C.)
SOLUTION
From the solution to Prob. 6.73,

I = a 3t Q = a 2 t sin
4
e= a Qmax = a 2 t

For a half-pipe section, the distance from the center of the semi-circle to the
centroid is
2
x= a

At each section of the beam, the shearing force V is equal to P. Its line of
action passes through the centroid C. The moment arm of its moment about
the shear center O is
4 2 2
d =ex = a a= a

(a) Equivalent force-couple system at O.
2
V =P M 0 = Vd = Pa

Data: P = 500 lb a = 1.25 in.
V = 500 lb
M 0 = 398 lb in

without permission.
(b) Shearing stresses.

VQmax
(1) Due to V , V =
It
( P)(a 2 t ) 2P (2)(500)
V = = = = 1019 psi
3 at (1.25)(0.250)
2 a t (t )

(2) Due to the torque. M 0 ,
For a long rectangular section of length l and width t, the shearing stress due to torque M 0 is
M0 1 t
M = 2
where c1 = 1 0.630
c1lt 3 l
Data: l = a = (1.25) = 3.927 in. t = 0.250 in. c1 = 0.31996

397.9
M = = 5067 psi
(0.31996)(3.927)(0.250) 2
By superposition = V + M = 1019 psi + 5067 psi = 6090 psi
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.85
The cantilever beam shown consists of a

Z-shape of 14 -in. thickness. For the given
loading, determine the distribution of the
shearing stresses along line AB in the
upper horizontal leg of the Z-shape. The x
and y axes are the principal centroidal axes
of the cross section and the corresponding
moments of inertia are I x = 166.3 in 4 and
I y = 13.61 in 4 .
SOLUTION
V = 3 kips = 22.5
Vx = V sin Vy = V cos
In upper horizontal leg, use coordinate x : (6 in x 0)
1
A= (6 + x) in.
4
1
x = (6 + x) in.
2
y = 6 in.
x = x cos + y sin
y = y cos x sin
Vx Ax
Due to Vx : 1 =
I yt
1 1
(V sin ) (6 + x) ( 6 + x) cos + 6sin
4 2
1 =
1
(13.61)
4
= 0.084353(6 + x)(0.47554 + 0.46194 x)
1 1
(V cos ) (6 + x) 6 cos (6 + x)sin
Vy A y 4 2
Due to Vy : 2 = =
I xt
1
(166.3)
4
= 0.0166665(6 + x)[6.69132 0.19134 x]
Total: 1 + 2 = (6 + x)[0.07141 + 0.035396 x]
x (in) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
(ksi) 0 0.105 0.140 0.104 0.003 0.180 0.428
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.86
For the cantilever beam and loading of

Prob. 6.85, determine the distribution of the
shearing stress along line BD in the vertical
web of the Z-shape.
PROBLEM 6.85 The cantilever beam

shown consists of a Z-shape of 14 -in.
thickness. For the given loading, determine
the distribution of the shearing stresses along
line AB in the upper horizontal leg of the
Z-shape. The x and y axes are the
principal centroidal axes of the cross section
and the corresponding moments of inertia are
I x = 166.3 in 4 and I y = 13.61 in 4 .
SOLUTION
V = 3 kips = 22.5
Vx = V sin Vy = V cos
1
For part AB A = (6) = 1.5 in 2
4
x = 3 in., y = 6 in.
1
For part BY, A= (6 y )
4
1
x = 0 y = (6 + y )
2
x = x cos + y sin
y = y cos x sin
)
Vx ( AAB x AB + ABY xBY
Due to Vx : 1 =
I y t
(V sin )[(1.5)(3cos + 6sin ) + 14 (6 y ) 12 (6 + y ) sin ]
1 =
(13.61) ( 14 )
(V sin )[0.7133 + 1.7221 0.047835 y 2 ]
= = 0.3404 0.01614 y 2
3.4025
without permission.
Vy ( AAB y AB + ABY y )
Due to Vy : 2 =
I x t
(V cos )[(1.5)(6 cos + 3 sin ) + 14 (6 y ) 12 (6 + y ) cos ]
2 =
(166.3) ( 14 )
(V cos )[10.037 + 4.1575 0.11548 y 2 ]
= = 0.9463 0.00770 y 2
(166.3) ( 4 )
1
Total: 1 + 2 = 1.2867 0.02384 y 2

y (in.) 0 2 4 6
(ksi) 1.287 1.191 0.905 0.428

without permission.
PROBLEM 6.87
Determine the distribution of the shearing stresses along line D B

in the horizontal leg of the angle shape for the loading shown. The
x and y axes are the principal centroidal axes of the cross
section.
SOLUTION
= 15.8 Vx = P cos Vy = P sin

1
A( y ) = (2a y )t y= (2a + y ), x =0
2
2 1
Coordinate transformation. y = y a cos x a sin
3 6
1 2
x = x a cos + y a sin
6 3
2 1
In particular, y = y a cos x a sin
3 6
1 1 1
= y + a cos a sin
2 3 6
= 0.48111y + 0.36612a
1 2
6 3
1 1 1
= a cos + y + a sin
6 2 3
= 0.13614 y 0.06961a
without permission.
Vx Ax Vy A y
+ = +
I yt I x t
( P cos )(2a y )(t )(0.13614 y 0.06961a )

=
(0.1557 ta3 )(t )
( P sin )(2a y )(0.48111 y + 0.36612a)
+
(1.428 a3t )(t )
P(2a y )(0.750 y 0.500a )
=
ta3
1 2 4 5
y (a ) 0 1 2
3 3 3 3
P
1.000 0.417 0 0.250 0.333 0.250 0
at
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.88
For the angle shape and loading of Prob. 6.87, determine the
distribution of the shearing stresses along line D A in the vertical
leg.
PROBLEM 6.87* Determine the distribution of the shearing

stresses along line D B in the horizontal leg of the angle shape for
the loading shown. The x and y axes are the principal centroidal
axes of the cross section.
SOLUTION
= 15.8 Vx = P cos
Vx = P sin A( x) (a x)t
1
x= (a + x), y =0
2
Coordinate transformation.
2 1
y = y a cos x a sin
3 6
1 2
6 3
In particular,
2 1
y = y a cos x a sin
3 6
2 1 1
= a cos x + a sin
3 2 3
= 0.13614 x 0.73224a
1 2
6 3
1 1 2
= x + a cos + a sin
2 3 3
= 0.48111x + 0.13922a
without permission.
Vx A( x) x Vy A( x) y
=
I y t I x t
( P cos )(a x)(t )(0.48111x + 0.13922a )
=
(0.1557 ta 3 )(t )
( P sin )(a x)(t )(0.13614 x 0.73224 a)
+
(1.428 ta3 )(t )
P(a x)(3.00 x + 1.000a)
=
ta3
1 1 1 2 5
x(a ) 0 1
6 3 2 3 6
P
1.000 1.250 1.333 1.250 1.000 0.583 0
at
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.89
A square box beam is made of two 20 80-mm planks and two

20 120-mm planks nailed together as shown. Knowing that the
spacing between the nails is s = 30 mm and that the vertical shear in
the beam is V = 1200 N, determine (a) the shearing force in each nail,
(b) the maximum shearing stress in the beam.
SOLUTION
1 1
I= b2 h23 b1h13
12 12
1 1
= (120)(120)3 (80)(80)3 = 13.8667 106 mm 4
12 12
6 4
= 13.8667 10 m
(a) A1 = (120)(20) = 2400 mm 2

y1 = 50 mm
Q1 = A1 y1 = 120 103 mm3 = 120 106 m3
VQ (1200)(120 106 )
q= = = 10.385 103 N/m
I 13.8667 106
qs = 2 Fnail
qs (10.385 103 )(30 103 )

Fnail = = Fnail = 155.8 N
2 2
(b) Q = Q1 + (2)(20)(40)(20)
= 120 103 + 32 103 = 152 103 mm3
= 152 106 m3
VQ (1200)(152 106 )
max = =
It (13.8667 106 )(2 20 103 )
= 329 103 Pa max = 329 kPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.90
The beam shown is fabricated by connecting two channel shapes and two
plates, using bolts of 34 -in. diameter spaced longitudinally every 7.5 in.
Determine the average shearing stress in the bolts caused by a shearing
force of 25 kips parallel to the y-axis.
SOLUTION
C12 20.7: d = 12.00 in., I x = 129 in 4
12.00 1 1
For top plate, y= + = 6.25 in.
2 2 2
3
1 1 1
I t = (16) + (16) (6.25) 2 = 312.667 in 4
12 2 2
For bottom plate, I b = 312.667 in 4

Moment of inertia of fabricated beam:
I = (2)(129) + 312.667 + 312.667
= 883.33 in 4
1
Q = Aplate yplate = (16) (6.25) = 50 in 3
2
VQ (25)(50)
q= = = 1.41510 kips/in
I 883.33
1 1
Fbolt = qs = (1.41510)(7.5) = 5.3066 kips
2 2
2
3
Abolt = (d bolt ) 2 = = 0.44179 in 2
4 4 4
F 5.3066
bolt = bolt = = 12.01 ksi bolt = 12.01 ksi
Abolt 0.44179
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.91

section n-n and determine (a) the largest shearing
stress in that section, (b) the shearing stress at
point a.
SOLUTION
M B = 0: 2.3 A + (1.5)(72) = 0
A = 46.957 kN
At section n-n, V = A = 46.957 kN
1 1 1
I = 2 (15)(40)3 + 2 (15)(80)3 + (30)(1203 )
12 12 12
= 5.76 106 mm 4 = 5.76 106 m 4
At a, ta = 30 mm = 0.030 m
Qa = (30 20)(50) = 30 103 mm3
= 30 106 m3
VQa (46.957 103 )(30 106 )
a = =
Ita (5.76 106 )(0.030)
= 8.15 106 Pa = 8.15 MPa
At b, tb = 60 mm = 0.060 m
Qb = Qa + (60 20)(30) = 30 103 + 36 103 = 66 103 mm3 = 66 106 m 4
VQb (46.957 103 )(66 106 )
b = = = 8.97 106 Pa = 8.97 MPa
Itb (5.76 106 )(0.060)
At NA, t NA = 90 mm = 0.090 m
QNA = Qb + (90 20)(10) = 66 103 + 18 103 = 84 103 mm3 = 84 106 m3
VQNA (46.957 103 )(84 106 )
NA = = = 7.61 106 Pa = 7.61 MPa
It NA (5.76 106 )(0.090)
(a) max occurs at b. max = 8.97 MPa

(b) a = 8.15 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.92
For the beam and loading shown, determine the minimum

required width b, knowing that for the grade of timber
used, all = 12 MPa and all = 825 kPa.
SOLUTION
M D = 0: 3 A + (2)(2.4) + (1)(4.8) (0.5)(7.2) = 0

A = 2 kN
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams.
|V |max = 7.2 kN = 7.2 103 N

|M |max = 3.6 kN m = 3.6 103 N m
M
Bending: =
S
|M |max
Smin =

3.6 103
=
12 106
= 300 106 m3
= 300 103 mm3
1
For a rectangular section, S = bh 2
6
6 S (6)(300 103 )
b= 2 = = 80 mm
h (150)2
Shear: Maximum shearing stress occurs at the neutral axis of bending for a rectangular section.
1 1 1
A= bh, y = h, Q = Ay = bh 2
2 4 8
1 3
I = bh t = b
12
VQ V ( 18 bh 2 ) 3V
= = 3
=
It ( 12 bh )(b) 2 bh
1
3V (3)(7.2 103 )
b= = = 87.3 103 m
2h (2)(150 103 )(825 103 )
The required value of b is the larger one. b = 87.3 mm
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.93

consider section n-n and determine
the shearing stress at (a) point a, (b)
point b.
SOLUTION
RA = RB = 25 kips
At section n-n, V = 25 kips

Locate centroid and calculate moment of inertia.
Part A(in 2 ) y (in.) A y (in 3 ) d(in.) Ad 2 (in 4 ) I (in 4 )
4.875 6.875 33.52 2.244 24.55 0.23
10.875 3.625 39.42 1.006 11.01 47.68
15.75 72.94 35.56 47.86
Ay 72.94
Y = = = 4.631 in.
A 15.75
I = Ad 2 + I = 35.56 + 47.86 = 83.42 in 4
3
(a) Qa = Ay = (1.5)(4.631 0.75) = 4.366 in 3
4
3
t = = 0.75 in.
4
VQ (25)(4.366)
a = = a = 1.745 ksi
It (83.42)(0.75)
3
(b) Qb = Ay = (3)(4.631 1.5) = 7.045 in 3
4
t = 0.75 in.
VQ (25)(7.045)
b = = b = 2.82 ksi
It (83.42)(0.75)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.94

determine the largest shearing stress
in section n-n.
SOLUTION
RA = RB = 25 kips
At section n-n, V = 25 kips.

Locate centroid and calculate moment of inertia.

4.875 6.875 33.52 2.244 24.55 0.23
10.875 3.625 39.42 1.006 11.01 47.68
15.75 72.94 35.56 47.86
Ay 72.94
Y = = = 4.631 in.
A 15.75
I = Ad 2 + I = 35.56 + 47.86 = 83.42 in 4
Largest shearing stress occurs on section through centroid of entire cross section.
3 4.631 3
Q = Ay = (4.631) = 8.042 in
4 2
3
t = = 0.75 in.
4
VQ (25)(8.042)
= = m = 3.21 ksi
It (83.42)(0.75)
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.95
The composite beam shown is made by welding C 200 17.1 rolled-steel channels to the
flanges of a W250 80 wide-flange rolled-steel shape. Knowing that the beam is
subjected to a vertical shear of 200 kN, determine (a) the horizontal shearing force per
meter at each weld, (b) the shearing stress at point a of the flange of the wide-flange
shape.
SOLUTION
For W250 80, d = 257 mm, t f = 15.6 mm, I x = 126 106 mm 4
For C200 17.1, A = 2170 mm 2 , b f = 57.4 mm, t f = 9.91 mm
I y = 0.545 106 mm 4 , x = 14.5 mm
For the channel in the composite beam,

257
yc = + 57.4 14.5 = 171.4 mm
2
For the composite beam,
I = 126 106 +2 0.545 106 + (2170)(171.4)2
= 254.59 106 mm 4 = 254.59 106 m 4

(a) For the two welds,
Qw = Ayc = (2170) (171.4) = 371.94 103 mm3 = 371.94 106 m3
VQ (200 103 ) (371.94 106 )

q = = = 292.2 103 N/m
I 254.59 106
q
For one weld, = 146.1 103 N m
2
Shearing force per meter of weld: 146.1 kN m
(b) For cuts at a and a ' together,

257 15.6
Aa = 2(112) (15.6) = 3494.4 mm 2 ya = = 120.7 mm
2 2
Qa = 371.94 103 + (3494.4)(120.7) = 793.71 103 mm3 = 793.71 106 m3
Since there are cuts at a and a ', t = 2t f = (2)(15.6) = 31.2 mm = 0.0312 m.
VQa (200 103 )(793.71 106 )

a = = = 19.99 106 Pa
It (254.59 106 )(0.0312) a = 19.99 MPa
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.96
An extruded beam has the cross section shown and a uniform wall
thickness of 3 mm. For a vertical shear of 10 kN, determine (a) the
shearing stress at point A, (b) the maximum shearing stress in the beam.
Also, sketch the shear flow in the cross section.
SOLUTION
16
tan = = 28.07
30
Side: A = (3 sec )(30) = 102 mm 2

1
I = (3 sec )(30)3 = 7.6498 103 mm 4
12
Part A (mm 2 ) y0 (mm) A y (103 mm3 ) d (mm) Ad 2 (103 mm 4 ) I (103 mm 4 )
Top 180 30 5.4 11.932 25.627 neglect
Side 102 15 1.53 3.077 0.966 7.6498
Side 102 15 1.53 3.077 0.966 7.6498
Bot 84 0 0 18.077 27.449 neglect
468 8.46 55.008 15.2996
Ay 8.46 103
Y0 = = = 18.077 mm
A 468
I = Ad 2 + I = 70.31 103 mm 4 = 70.31 109 m 4
(a) QA = (180)(11.932) = 2.14776 103 mm3 = 2.14776 106 m3
t = (2)(3 103 ) = 6 103 m

VQ (10 103 )(2.14776 106 )
A = = = 50.9 106 Pa A = 50.9 MPa
It (70.31 109 )(6 106 )
1
(b) Qm = QA + (2)(3 sec )(11.932) 11.932
2
= 2.14776 103 + 484.06 = 2.6318 103 mm3
= 2.6318 106 m3
t = 6 103 m
VQm (10 103 )(2.6318 106 )

m = = 9 3
= 62.4 106 Pa m = 62.4 MPa
It (70.31 10 )(6 10 )
without permission.
QB = (28)(3)(18.077) = 1.51847 103 mm3

QB 1.51847 103
B = A = (50.9)
QA 2.14776 103
= 36.0 MPa
Multiply shearing stresses by t (3 mm = 0.003 m) to get shear flow.
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.97
The design of a beam requires welding four horizontal plates to a

vertical 0.5 5-in. plate as shown. For a vertical shear V,
determine the dimension h for which the shear flow through the
welded surface is maximum.
SOLUTION
Horizontal plate:
1
Ih = (4.5)(0.5)3 + (4.5)(0.5)h 2
12
= 0.046875 + 2.25h 2
1
Vertical plate: Iv = (0.5)(5)3 = 5.2083 in 4
12
Whole section: I = 4 I h + I v = 9h 2 + 5.39583 in 4
For one horizontal plate, Q = (4.5)(0.5)h = 2.25 h in 3
VQ 2.25Vh
q= = 2
I 9h + 5.39583
dq
To maximize q, set = 0.
dh
(9h 2 + 5.39583) 18h 2

2.25V =0 h = 0.774 in.
(9h2 + 5.39583)2
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.98

SOLUTION
2
h 1 1
I AB = I EF = ( a + b)t + (a + b)t 3 t (a + b)h 2
2 12 4
1 1
I DG = th3 I = I = t (6a + 6b + h)h 2
12 12
h 1
Part AD: Q = tx = thx
2 2
VQ Vhx
= =
It 2I
a Vhx Vht a

F1 = dA =
0 2I
tdx =
2I 0
xdx
a
Vht x 2 Vhta 2
= =
2I 2 0
4I
h 1
Part BD: Q = tx = thx
2 2
VQ Vhx
= =
It 2I
b Vhx Vht b

F2 = dA = 0 2I
tdx =
2I 0
xdx
b
Vht x 2 Vhtb 2
= =
2I 2 0
4I
M H = M H :
Vh 2 t (b 2 a 2 )
Ve = F2 h F1h =
4I
Vh 2t (b 2 a 2 ) 3V (b 2 a 2 )
= =
4 121 t (6a + 6b + h)h 2 6a + 6b + h
3(b 2 a 2 )
e=
6(a + b) + h
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.99

SOLUTION
1 1
I AB = (1.5)3 = 0.28125 in 4
3 4
1
LBD = 3 in. ABD = (3) = 0.75 in 2
4
1 1
I BD = ABD h 2 = (0.75)(1.5)2 = 0.5625 in 4
3 3
I = (2)(0.28125) + (2) (0.5625) = 1.6875 in 4
1 1 1
Part AB: A= y y = y Q = Ay = y 2
4 2 8
2
VQ Vy Vy 2
= = =
It (8) (1.6875) (0.25) 3.375
1.5 Vy 2

F1 = dA = 0 3.375
(0.25dy )
1.5
(0.25)V y 3 (0.25) (1.5)3
= =
3.375 3 0 (3.375) (3)
= 0.08333V
MD = M D : Ve = 2 F1 (3 sin 60)
Ve = (2) (0.08333) V (3 sin 60)
e = (2)(0.08333) (3 sin 60) e = 0.433 in.
without permission.
PROBLEM 6.100
A thin-walled beam of uniform thickness has the cross section shown.

Determine the dimension b for which the shear center O of the cross
section is located at the point indicated.
SOLUTION
Part AB: A = tx, y = 100 mm, Q = 100 tx

VQ 100Vtx
q= =
I I
xB Vt 60
F1 = xA
qdx = 100
I 0
x dx
(100)(60)2 Vt Vt
= = 180 103
2 I I
Part DE: A = tx, y = 80 mm, Q = 80 tx
VQ 80 Vtx
q= =
I I
x Vt b
F2 =
xDqdx = 80
I 0
xdx
Vt
= (40 b 2 )
I
Vt Vt
M 0 = 0: (200)(180 103 ) (160)(40 b 2 ) = 0
I I
(200)(180 103 )
b2 = = 5625 mm 2 b = 75.0 mm
(160)(40)
without permission.

Strength of Materials PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Strength of Materials PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHAPTER 6

Three boards are nailed together to form a beam shown, which is

Part A (mm 2 ) d (mm) Ad 2 (106 mm 4 ) I (106 mm 4 )

I = Ad 2 + I = 59.76 106 mm 4 = 59.76 106 m 4

(59.76 106 )(400)

PROBLEM 6.3 Three boards are nailed together to form a beam

Part A (mm 2 ) d (mm) Ad 2 (106 mm 4 ) I (106 mm 4 )

I = Ad 2 + I = 50.4 106 mm 4 = 50.4 106 m 4

(50.4 106 )(400)

The American Standard rolled-steel beam shown has been reinforced by

Calculate moment of inertia:

Part A (mm 2 ) d (mm) Ad 2 (106 mm 4 ) I (106 mm 4 )

Calculate moment of inertia:

Part A(mm 2 ) d (mm) Ad 2 (106 mm 4 ) I (106 mm 4 )

A columm is fabricated by connecting the rolled-steel members shown by

Part A(in 2 ) d (in.) Ad 2 (in 4 ) I (in 4 )

I = Ad 2 + I = 183.76 + 126.04 = 309.8 in 4

The composite beam shown is fabricated by connecting two W6 20 rolled-steel

W6 20: A = 5.87 in 2 , d = 6.20 in., I x = 41.4 in 4

Composite: I = 2[41.4 + (5.87)(3.1)2 ]

For the beam and loading shown,

From shear diagram, V = 30 kips at n-n.

Determine moment of inertia.

Part A(in 2 ) d (in.) Ad 2 (in 4 ) I (in 4 )

Top Flng 6 4.7 132.54 0.18

Part A(in 2 ) y (in.) Ay (in 3 )

Part A(in 2 ) y (in.) Ay (in 3 )

For the beam and loading

At section n-n, V = 10 kN.

= 39.58 106 mm 4 = 39.58 106 m 4

VQ (10 103 )(364.05 106 )

VQ (10 103 )(302.8 106 )

For the beam and loading shown, consider section

Q1 = (12)(80)(90) = 86.4 103 mm 4

Q = 2Q1 + Q2 + 2Q3 = 312.256 103 mm3 = 312.256 106 m3

(b) At point a, Q = Q1 = 86.4 103 mm 4 = 86.4 106 m 4

VQ (80 103 )(86.4 106 )

For the beam and loading shown, consider

From the shear diagram, V = 10 kips at n-n.

Calculate moment of inertia.

Assume that m occurs at point a.

t = 2(10 mm) = 0.02 m

Check at neutral axis: t = 50 mm = 0.05 m

Q = (50 60)(30) (30 30)(35) = 58.5 103 mm3

Assume that m occurs at point a.

Check at neutral axis:

VQ (114.0 kN)(42 106 m3 )

Total load: (750 lb/ft)(16 ft) = 12 103 lb

M max 288 103

The larger value of h is the minimum required depth. h = 14.05 in.

For the beam and loading shown, determine the minimum

M D = 0: 3RA + (2)(2.4) + (1)(4.8) = 0

M max 4.0 103

A timber beam AB of length L and rectangular cross section carries a

(b) Solving for h:

= 61.7 103 m b = 61.7 mm

A timber beam AB of length L and rectangular cross section carries a

Bending. For W 24 104 , S = 258 in 3

M max 0.6 PLAB

Shear. Aweb = dtw

M E = 0: 3.6RA + 3.0P + 2.4P + 1.8P = 0

Bending. For W 360 122, S = 2020 103 mm3

Shear. Aweb = dt w = (363)(13.0)