log expo

log expo x ay

y log a x

x ay

y log a x expo log
expo log y log a x

ay x

y log a x

ay x
( Logarithm )

( Logarithm ) 1. log a 1 0

1. log a 1 0 2. log a a 1

2. log a a 1 3. log a M log a N log a MN

M
3. log a M log a N log a MN 4. log a M log a N log a
N
M
4. log a M log a N log a 5. log a M p p log a M
N
p
5. log a M p p log a M 6. log a q M p
p
log a M log a M q
p q
p
6. log a q M log a M log a M q
p p
q 7. log a q M p log a M q
p

7. log a q M log a M
p q 8. a loga M M
1
8. a loga M M 9. log a b
b 0, b 1
log b a
1
9. log a b
b 0, b 1 log a x
log b a 10. log b x

log a b
log a x
10. log b x
b 0, b 1 b 0, b 1
log a b
log x
log x 11. ln x log e x
11. ln x log e x e 2.718 log e
log e
e 2.718 log e 0.4343
log e 0.4343
12. M log x x logM 12. M log x x logM
13. log 5 1 log 2
13. log 5 1 log 2

!! log 10 x log x

!! log 10 x log x
log a M 2 log 2a M
log a M 2 log 2a M
log 2 0.3010
log 2 0.3010
log 3 0.4771
log 3 0.4771