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ISBN: 978-93-84389-01-7 Published by Knowledge Curve Printed and bounded in Indiainns inee cameos 1 Modeling The Effect Of Fiber Orientation On Tensile Stress ore Composites Murugappan Elango!, Paruchuri Sai Tej*® “Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thagarajar College of Engineering, Ma India U0 Studem Deparment of Mechanical Engineering, Thiagerajer College of Engineering, Madera: ‘memech(@ice edu email, "site! 993~agmailcom Keywords: Fiber orientation; Laminate, Tensile stress; Ply angle; Ply angle combination, Abstract. The cbjective ofthis paper is to develop a regression equation that relates the fiber the tensile stress of composite material. “The composite meterial considered for the stidy is Glass Resin composite consisting of four laminates. Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic is modeled and ANSYS 1 snd the variabon of tensile stress induced with the fiter orientation of GFRP com The ANSYS model was validated by comparing the ANSYS values with those of tensile Regression analysis and ANOVA analysis ere performed to develop a relation the tensile ‘orientation of the composite and to check the validity of the equation, The results showed a 003 of tensile stress on the fiber orientation of the material and te equation developed produced the ex Inwroduction A composite meteral can be defined as combiration of two or more materials that results in than those ofthe individual components used alone, Nowadays, composite materials are pete ‘because of their high strength and stiffness, combined with low density, when compared with allowing for a weight reduction in the finished part, However, unlike metals, composites are ox ‘ature. Previous works ahow thatthe mechanical properies vary with fiber orientation, number of angle combination, etc. {1} studied the effect of orientation of glass fiber on the hardness, t properties of GFRP composies. They’ used 2 combination of chopped fibers and roving Sands showed that there existed a relation between the fiber crientation and fmpact strength. H explained through equation for the relationship. [4] Investigated” the impact properties of inforced composites (Napier prass fiber strands into epoxy resin) with two different oreniations [6] Studied the Berding, compression, and shear behavior of stitched plain-woven glass fiber and compared with unsitcheé pin weave and biaxial non-crimp fabrics. They concluded ip thee directional siching increased the delamination resistance and lowered the bending strength of da: Henee, it becomes very complicated and time and resource consuming prosess when it coones 19 cf mechanical properties of composites. In this current work, a novel method ha: been used mechanical properties of composite material. Regression analysis is used to develop an equation used to determine the mechanical properties. Many researchers have used regression analysis in relate mechanical properties with the physical properties of the material. (3) Performed the Sasi alysis of Composite Drive Shaft and Developed a Regression Equation relating the fier or shear stress. Their study was made en four layered composite érive shaftin which one layer ori and other layer orientations are kept constant. Shear stress, in ther study, showed cosine nature of ‘their paper developed a mathematical model using piecewise linear regression analysis 3 performance of Rain trans of the cutting parameters of AWIM. The models successfully predic ‘AWJ machined glass/spony Inminate within the limit, Finite element anelysis (PEA) iecknicus = the effect of fiber orientation on smart composite by [5]. All these works have proved the use repression technique on composite material. Therefore, this paper ties to combine FEA technique to analysis and model the tensile behavior of composite material with respect 10 angle, ‘This paper aims at developing a generalized equation that relstes the fiber orientation with the Glass Fiber Epoxy Resin composite materal. This type of equations can be used to determine De: induced inthe composite for 2 given combination of angles and hence selec the optimum com during design process. 62J & ienaton! Mechancal gineering Cones 201 Methodology Finite Element Analysis. Finite Element Analysis method was used to perform the tensile analysis of composite material = manufacture and tating of real composites with varying laminate combination is time and resource consuming. Finite Element Analysis is performed using ANSYS 11 software, The test specimen was modelled in ANSYS as per the Fig 1. The one end is fixed and the load of 700 N was applied atthe other end The 2D model of the test specimen was generated using ANSY'S Multiphysics and SHELLI81 was used for ‘meshing. Four laminates was considered for analysis and the thickness of each layer is given as 0.5mm, The analysis was repeated for several combination of fiber orientation to estimate the maximum tensile stress in the 3 specimen, The resuits are listed in the Table 1 Trble 1 ANSYS Results “Combinaion Fier Orientation ih Degree Tensile @ 3 & offiber Oy Stress Orientation _isttayer 2nd layer sed layer sth ayer [N/mm] D 0 30 5 co oT ° 30 60 4s 61.326 3 0 45 30 ry 54.809 4 0 45 0 30 51.248 5 ° 60 30 4s 48.503 6 0 60 45 30 50,086 7 30 0 4s 0 60.685 8. 30 o 50 45 35,581 9. 30 45 0 o 7.23 10. 30 43 60 ° 30.086 u 30 60 ° 45 35.277 2. 30 60 4s ° SLs 4 4s 0 0 © 76.184 14 4s 0 60 30 75.334 Is. 45 30 o 0 78.39 16 45 30 cc) 0 65.171 i. 45 60 ° 30 81.594 in 43 60 30 ° 91.326 18. 60 0 30 45 78.39 20, 60 0 30 84403 21 60 30 45 76.144 2 60 30 ° 60.599 2 60 45 30 84.296 ea 60 45 0 59.085 25 0 15 45 55.23 26. 0 15 0 51.75 Valiaation of FEA Model. In order to validate the FEA Model used for study, the siess values obtained from tensile tesing of the composite te specimen. GFRP composite with laminate combination angles [0/48/30/60] was produced using hand lay-up method ad cut (o the standard size as shown in Tig 2(a) and teed in UTM machine for the same loading condition Fig 2(b) Shows the test specimen and the loading arrangement. The corresponding stress induced in the composite was caleulated. The tensile stress induced for the 700 Nis listed in the Table 2.11 shown from the results that the experimertal Tensile stress for 0° 45° 30° 60° combination of angle is $8.33 Nimm?, The FEA stress value forthe same combination is 54.889 N/mm? This shows that the FEA model is valid and its results are reliable, Hence the FEA model results shown in Table | can be used for other ply angle combinations for regression modelling purpose. Table 2 Tensile test results Toad [N] Extension Experimental ANSYS (rea) Tensile Stress Tense Stess Nim Niu 700 1.66 58.33 54.889Fig. 2 (e) GFRP specimens (b) Tensile testing of GFRP in UTM Results and Discussion Regression Analysis Results. Regression analysis - a statistical tool for the inves between variables, was used to determine a linear relationship between the tensile ccombinatiors. Linear Regression Analysis was performed on the 26 fiber criestation and t= Values (Table 1) whicn produced a regression equation relating the tensile stress with the four 2 angle. The regression equation developed beween renslle stress (ot) and Fiber orientation fs sho-= a ANOVA analysis was performed to check ifthere is any difference between the tensile stresses ‘various ply angie combinations. Two bypathesis- Nall hypothesis (Ho = Tensile stress does not angle combination) and Altemative hypothes's (H1 = Tensile stress changes with ply angle coma value determined fom the ANOVA analysis shown in Table 3 was greater than the uble value Hence alternate hypothesis is accepted. The stiess values were determined by substituting the ‘combination angle value in the regression equation for the 26 fiber angle combination as per Tabie & In Fig 3 shows she tensile stress variation between the regression and analysis results of ANSY'S for [her angle combinstiens. It found feom the Fig 3 thal the regression mdeling yielded very clow ‘analysis rosuts ‘Table 3 ANOVA Analysis at 38 Ms F Regression 4 2401.63) 600.4077 1143712. 4.36817E-95 Residual 21 1102425 $2.49641 Total 25 3504085 Table 4, Comparson of ANSYS and fe Fiber angie combination Tensile stress ANSYS [win] Regression equation va (Ninn=} (@ASTI00) 34888 54.9283 ~ (15730/48!60) 61.93 60.86 (15/43/3060) 01.93 6049 Validation of Regression Equation. The regression equation was validated by comparing th= values obtaines by substituting the fiber angle orientation in the regression equation and the vatace from FEA. The regression «uation aso produced correct resulis when the stress was determines i 64International MecharcalExgineerng Congress - 2014 ea gle combination, which was not used forthe development of the regression equation, In Table 4 two new flber ‘angle combination (15/20/4S/60) ard (15/48/3060 is substitute inthe regression equation and the tensile stress obtained is found toe very neat tothe Ansys tenile stress Fig. 3. Comparison of Analysis and Regression Equation Tensile stress Conclusion ‘The mastel equation is generated for four layered glass fibre-epoxy matrix composite. This equation is validated and results are in acceptable range. This equation can be used for calculating tensile stiess by substituing the values of different fibre orientation leyer angles. Thus it reduces the time involved in testing the lass fibre-epory matrix composite in UTM with éifferent orientation layer angle. The work also helps the Fesearchers «0 get the opsimum combination of layer orientation engle, The best flor orieistion combination {or glass fibre reinforced composite is found to be [0160/30/45]. The tensile siress induced in the glass fre roinforcod composite for the same load applied ie found to he the least in thie combination of all the fee crientation combinations used for the development of regression equation. This work can be extended to other tests in future. Ths proposed method can also be extended to predict the mechanical properties of composites with higher more number of layers. References 1) Alam, Hath, Irfan, Iqbal. W, and Khalid, Effet of Orientation of Glass Fibre on Mechanical Propenies of GRP Composites. J.Chem.Soc Pa., Vol. 32,No. 3 (2010) 2) AlmS, HabibF, Irfan, Iqbal.W, and KhalidK,, Effect of Oriertaton of Glass Fibre on “Mechanical Properties of GRP Composites. .Chem Sec.Pak, Vol. 32, No.3 (2010) 3) Dongare:?. Deshmukh S., Static And Modal Analysis Of Composite Drive Shaft And Development Of Regression Equations. Intemational Joural of Engireering Research & Technology (VIER) ISSN 22784181 Vol 1 Issue 10,( 7012), 4) KommulaP.V. Obi Reddy Kanchireddy. ShukleM, and Marwala-T, Impact strength and surface snowphology of Alkali rested Napier grass fiber strands reinforced Epexy composites Inerrtional Conference om Chemieal and Envirormentl Erginering (2013) 5) Majid ML, Abdulld.£!, Harun\.Fy, LimG.V, Babarudinii.T, Effect of fer orenatien on the stsuctaral response of asmart composite structure, Procedia Engineering, $0, 45452, (2012). 6) YengaB, Koseya.v, Adanued, Kumara’, “Bending, compression, and shear behar iss ber epony composites,” Composies: Pat B 31 , 715-721, 2000) of woven 68