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An Kit
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Job production
Job production, sometimes called jobbing, involves producing a one-off
product for a specific customer. Job production is most often
associated with small firms (making railings for a specific house,
building/repairing a computer for a specific customer, making flower
arrangements for a specific wedding etc.) but large firms use job
production too. Examples include:
Fabrication shops and machine shops whose work is primarily of the job
production type are often called job shops. The associated people or
corporations are sometimes called jobbers.
Job production involves firms producing items that meet the specific
requirements of the customer. Often these are one-off, unique items
such as those made by an architect or wedding dressmaker. For an
architect, each building or structure that he designs will be different
and tailored to the needs of each individual client.
High technology jobs are much more complex and difficult. These jobs
need to be very well project-managed and require highly qualified and
skilled workers. Examples of high technology / complex jobs include:
Film production
Large construction projects (e.g. the Millennium Dome)
Installing new transport systems (e.g. trams in Sheffield and
Manchester)
Disadvantages include:
BATCH
PRODUCTION
SAMPLE PRODUCTS
FURNITURE
ELECTRICAL GOODS
CLOTHING
NEWSPAPERS
BOOKS
SAMPLE PRODUCTS
CHARACTERISTICS
CASE STUDY - BICYCLE BATCH PRODUCTION
Modern bicycle manufacture is component based. The company
buys parts such as pedals from other manufacturers and puts the
bicycle together on a production line.
The tube for the frames - cut to size
The tube for the bicycle frame is cut to size. One person will do
this job and they cut enough tube for a batch of several hundred
bikes in a week.
The tube is put together and prepared for welding.
The tubes are set up in a ‘jig’ which holds the frame together.
The frame travels along the production line and the joints are
preheated to save time. A gas torch is used to weld the frame
together.
The frames are cleaned in the ‘Grit-Blaster’.
After welding the frames and the front forks need cleaning in
the ‘Grit-Blaster’. This shoots tiny particles of sand, at high
speed, at the frame and cleans away the ‘residue’ left behind by
the welding process.
Each frame is checked.
QUALITY CONTROL
All frames are checked to ensure that they are straight. Small
adjustments can be made at this stage.
Paint is sprayed on to the frames and forks.
The frames are now ready for painting. This is done by using a
fine spray which covers every part of the frame with paint. The
frame then moves down the production line into a special oven
which ‘bakes’ the paint giving it a tough finish.
The wheels are assembled.
The wheels are assembled by hand and they are individually
tested in a machine which automatically tensions each spoke to
ensure that they are perfectly straight.
The frames are machined for other parts..
The frames are machined so that other parts such as the handle
bars and the bottom bracket (pedals) can be attached. People
operate the machine tools but they need some training before
they can use the machines safely and efficiently.
Other parts are fixed to the frame. Bicycles are ready for the
shops
The bicycles are now ready for the shops where they will be
viewed by customers and agents. Agents will buy ‘batches’ of
bicycles for large stores.
Agents view bicycles and suggest changes.
Before sending the bicycles to the shops, agents view them and
suggest changes for the next batch. This helps the manufacturer
improve the design and production of bicycles.
Process Type Production
This is a process of mass production by force. Particular type of
product such that cannot be produced in small quantity. In case of
products like textile, cloth, cement. Paper, chemicals, etc cannot be
produced without this style. These are the products of mass
consumption.
For example:
The cement plant emloyees not more than 100 persons which produces
the cement worth of Rs. 600 crores annaully. But the control panel of
worth producing Rs 70 crores annauly has to employ more than 2000
persons. In this case the initial investment is high. The demand has
tobe continous and large otherwise the warehouses get full with
finished goods. Once the settings are fixed to produce typical
qualityof product it is costly to stop and restart the plant.
Words to Know
Overview
Mass production of assemblies typically uses electric-motor-powered
moving tracks or conveyor belts to move partially complete products to
workers, who perform simple repetitive tasks. It improves on earlier
high-throughput, continuous-flow mass production made possible by the
steam engine.
Mass production of fluid and particulate matter typically involves pipes
with pumps or augers to transfer partially complete product between
vessels.
Mass production systems are usually organized into assembly lines. The
assemblies pass by on a conveyor, or if they are heavy, hung from an
overhead monorail.
Examples of products
Many different products are mass produced on assembly lines today.
One of the most popular products mass produced on assembly lines are
cars. Automobiles are probably the first things that come to a person's
mind when they hear the words assembly lines. This is likely because
mass production was quickly made very popular when cars were first
introduced.
Other examples of mass produced products include furniture, clothing,
toys, games, computers, kitchen appliances, food, etc. Just about
anything can be mass produced these days.
In the age of mass production, this caused shipping and trade problems
in that shipping systems were unable to transport huge volumes of
finished automobiles (in Henry Ford's case) without causing damage,
and also government policies imposed trade barriers on finished units.[1]
History
Mass production was popularized in the 1910s and 1920s [2] by Henry
Ford's Ford Motor Company, which introduced electric motors to the
then-well-known technique of chain or sequential production and, in the
process, began a new era often called the "second industrial
revolution." Ford's contribution to mass production was synthetic in
nature, collating and improving upon existing methods of sequential
production and applying electric power to them, resulting in extremely-
high-throughput, continuous-flow mass production, making the Model T
affordable and, as such, an instant hit.
Although the Ford Motor Company brought mass production to new
heights, it was a synthesizer and extrapolator of ideas rather than
being the first creator of mass production. Ships had been mass-
produced using pre-manufactured parts and assembly lines in Venice
several hundred years earlier. The Venice Arsenal apparently produced
nearly one ship every day, in what was effectively the world's first
factory which, at its height, employed 16,000 people.
During the American Civil War the Springfield Armory started to mass
produce guns, using interchangeable parts on a large scale. The
interchangeable part in manufacturing gun was strongly advocated by
Eli Whitney. For this reason, the term Armory practice is occasionally
used to refer to mass production. Soon after the war the American
System of Watch Manufacturing showed that these techniques could
be successfully applied even when very high precision was required.
Later, in the 1890s, dollar watches traded off lower precision for much
lower manufacturing costs.
electric stacker
LightLift is the preferred manufacturer, supplier and exporter of various
types of Electric Stackers. Our electric stackers cater to various lifting
capacities at a choice of your heights with feasibility of operations for
different industries. Electric Stackers specially created at LightLift for
our esteemed customers meet international industry standards,
specifications and norms. LightLift vouches on the dependability,
durability, sturdiness and safety of our Electric Stackers for any of your
needs. LightLift's dependable Electric Stackers are made from the best
available materials. The latest machining and manufacturing processes
ensure that our customers and clients are delivered the finest product at
the best cost.
Features :
• Eco-friendly machine. Runs on battery.
• In-house research to increase the capacity to 100 Ton.
Has complete drivers comfort - a revolving chair, fan, exhaust fan,
•
lights etc. For night travel, it has head lights and alarm.
Hydraulic High Pallet Truck
• Load travelling capacity of 25 Ton.
• Runs on rail track.
• Has one cabin each on both sides ( Cabin A & Cabin B )
Complete battery bank. Has 68 batteries with Uniterrupted Power
• Supply (UPS).Has full load capacity of 15 hours. Charging time of 5
hours.
Import subsitute for Defence.Carries use in transporting bomb,
•
shells etc.
Finds application in steels, mines industries and any type of industry
•
which need load transfer without expensive power usage.
• In-house research to increase the capacity to 100 Ton.
• In future, the system will be feature rich with airconditioned cabin.
Won award for Innovation & Creativity in Industry for the year
• 2006.
LightLift manufacturers, supplies and exports various types of
Hydraulic High Pallet Trucks for use in material movements and
handling within industrial inventory set-ups. Our Hydraulic High Pallet
Trucks with varying capacities, and as customized by our clients can
cater to the demanding and ever growing choices and requirements of
different industries and business houses. LightLift specially
manufactures Hydraulic High Pallet Trucks for our valued clients both
in India and from across the world. Each of our Pallet Trucks meets
international manufacturing standards and industry specifications. We
promise you on the dependability, sturdiness and safety of our
Hydraulic High Pallet Trucks for any of your demanding and daily
needs. LightLift's trustworthy Hydraulic High Pallet Trucks are made
from the best mild steel. The latest sate-of-the-art manufacturing
processes ensure that our clients and customers are delivered the best
product at the beast cost.
Hydraulic High Pallet Truck
Cap 1 Ton Capacity 500 kg
Fork Length 1210 1210
Fork Width 1590 +- 5 590 +- 5
Lower Height from Ground Level 115 +- 5 115 +- 5
Max. Hieght from Ground Level 670 670
Wheel C.I. C.I.
Test Load 1250 kg 625 kg
Weight 155 kg Approx. 130 kg Approx.
No. of Pumpings 60 Approx. 50 Approx.
MANUFACTURING LAYOUT
TYPES OF LAYOUT
Process layout
Cell Layout
Product layout
Flow layout
particular process.
Cell Layout
products.
processes.
sequence
Flow Layout
per week.
required.
internal transportations.
performance.
equipment.
departments.
different ways.