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TRNG THPT LAM KINH K THI CHN HC SINH

------------------- GII LP 10 NM HC 2015-2016
THI MN: HO HC
(Thi gian lm bi: 150 pht, khng k thi gian giao )
Bi 1 (4 im).
1. Xc nh cng thc cc cht v vit phng trnh phn ng biu din theo s bin i
ha hc sau:
+, +A ++ Q
H
t 0
24
H 2 SO

Y Z X

X + Fe, +A +B t0 +Y
K L M Fe N

0
+ + D, +A t
H 2O
Y X Z+P+

2. t chy hon ton 12,8 gam lu hunh. Kh sinh ra c hp th ht bi 100 ml dung dch
NaOH 20% (d= 1,28 g/ml). Tm C% ca cc cht trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng.
Bi 2 (2,0 im). Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau theo phng php thng bng
electron.
a) FeCl 2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + Cl2 + + K2SO4 + MnSO4 +
H2 O
b) Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + N2O + N2 + NH4NO3 + H2O
(bit t l mol ca N2O : N2 : NH4NO3 l 1 : 2: 1)
c) Fe3O4 + HNO3 NxOy +
d) Al + NaNO3 + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + NH3
Bi 3 (2,5 im). T KMnO4, NaHCO3, Fe, CuS, NaHSO3, FeS2 v dung dch HCl c c th
iu ch c nhng kh g? Vit phng trnh ho hc.
Khi iu ch cc kh trn thng c ln hi nc, lm kh tt c cc kh ch bng mt
ho cht th nn chn cht no trong s cc cht sau y: CaO, CaCl 2 khan, H2SO4 c, P2O5 ,
NaOH rn. Gii thch (Khng cn vit phng trnh ho hc).
Bi 4 (2,5 im) Ion M3+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p63d5.
1. Xc nh v tr (s th t, chu k, nhm) ca M trong bng tun hon. Cho bit M l
kim loi g?
2. Trong iu kin khng c khng kh, cho M chy trong kh Cl 2 thu c mt cht A
v nung hn hp bt (M v S) c mt hp cht B. Bng cc phn ng ha hc, hy trnh
by phng php nhn bit thnh phn ca cc nguyn t c mt trong cc cht A v B.
Bi 5 (3 im). Cho a gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp A c
khi lng 37,6 gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Cho hn hp A phn ng ht vi dung
dch H2SO4 c nng thu c 3,36 lt kh SO2 (ktc).
a) Tnh a.
 VnDoc - Ti ti liu, vn bn php lut, biu mu min ph
b) Tnh s mol H2SO4 phn
ng.
Bi 6: (3 im) Cho 20,4 gam hn hp X gm Zn, Fe, Al tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu
c 10,08 lt H2 ktc. Mt khc cho 0,2 mol hn hp X tc dng va vi 6,16 lt Cl 2
ktc. Xc nh khi lng mi kim loi trong 20,4 gam hn hp X?
Bi 7 (3 im)
Nung a gam hn hp X gm Fe v S trong Z H iu kin khng c khng kh cho n khi
2

phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c cht rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1
tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c hn hp kh Z c d=13.
1. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi cht trong X.
2. Cho phn 2 tc dng ht vi 55 gam dung dch H2SO4 98%, un nng thu c V lt kh SO2
(ktc) v dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng ht vi dung dch BaCl 2 d to thnh 58,25
gam kt ta. Tnh a, V.

Hc sinh khng c s dng bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc.

(Bit: H=1, O=16, C=12, Cl=35,5, Mg=24, Fe=56, Zn=65, Ca=40, Pb = 207; Al = 27; S = 32;Ba=
137; ZCa= 20; ZMg = 12; ZAl = 13; ZFe= 26; ZCu = 29; ZCr = 24)
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TRNG THPT LAM KINH K THI CHN HC SINH GII LP 10 NM HC 2015-2016

------------------- HNG DN CHM MN: HO HC

Bi 1 1. (2,75) Xc nh
X Y: Cl2 + H2 2HCl ng
X Y cht v
Y Z HCl + KOH KCl + H2O vit ng
Y A Z PT mi
ZX 10KCl + 2KMnO 4 + 8 H2SO4 5Cl2 + 6K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + PT
8H2O 0,25
Z Q X - tng
XK 3Cl2 + 2Fe 2FeCl3

t o
2,75
X K
K L FeCl3 + 3KOH Fe(OH)3 + 3KCl
K A L
LM 2Fe(OH) 3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O
o

t

L M
M Fe Fe 2O3 + 3CO2Fe + 3CO2
o

t

M B
Fe N Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2O
Y N
XY Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO
X Y
YX 4 HCl + MnO 2 MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
o

t

Y D X
X Z + P + H2O Cl2 + 2KOH KCl + KClO + H2O
X A Z P 0,25
2. (1,25) nS= = 0,4 mol ; n SO 2

m (dd NaOH) = 100.1,28 = 128 (gam)

n (NaOH) = 1,6 to ra hai mui 128.20 n 0,25
NaOH
0,64 (mol )
=> to ra hn hp 2 mui: 100.40 nSO2
NaHSO3: 0,24 (mol) v Na2SO3:
0,16 (mol) 0,25
Khi lng dung dch sau p = 128 + 0,4.64 = 153,6 gam
=>C% NaHSO3 = 0,16.104 0,25
.100% 10,8%
C% Na2SO3 = 153
0,24 ,6
.126
.100% 19,69%
153,6 0,25
Bi 2 Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau theo phng php thng bng electron.
2,0 a) 10FeCl2 + 6KMnO4 + 24H2SO4 5 Fe2(SO4)3 + 10Cl2 + 3K2SO4 +
 VnDoc - Ti ti liu, vn bn php lut, biu mu min ph
6MnSO4 + 24H2O 0,5
5 2 FeCl2 2 + 2Cl2 + 6e
Fe
3

6 + 5e
Mn
72

b) 18Mg + 44HNO 3 18Mg(NO3)2 + N2O + 2N2 + NH4NO3 + 20H2O

(bit t l mol ca N2O : N2 : NH4NO3 l 1: 2 : 1)
18 Mg + 2e
Mg 2
0,5
1 7 + 36 e + 2N2 1
N 5
3
+
N2O
c)

(5x-2y) Fe3O4 3Fe+3 + 1e

(5x-2y) Fe3O4 +2y/x
+5 Nx Oy
+ (46x- 1 xN + (5x-2y)e
18y)HNO3
NxOy + (15x-6y)Fe(NO3)3 + (23x-9y)H2O
d)
0,5
+3
8 Al Al + 3e
8Al + 3NaNO3 +

3 N +5
+ 8e N-3 5NaOH + 2H2O
0,5
8NaAlO2 + 3NH3
Bi 3 - Cc kh c th iu ch c gm O2, H2S, Cl2, CO2, SO2
2,5 - Cc phng trnh ho hc:
2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 /c kh
o

t

NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + CO2 0,25

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
2KMnO4 + 16HCl 5Cl2 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O
NaHSO3 + HCl NaCl + H2O + SO2
FeS2+ 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S + S
- lm kh tt c cc kh m ch dng mt ho cht th ta chn CaCl 2 khan. V ch 0,5
c CaCl2 khan hp th hi nc m khng tc dng vi cc kh . 0,5
- Gii thch l do
Bi 4 1. Tng s electron ca nguyn t M l 26. Cu hnh electron y
2,5 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 ........S th t 26, chu k 4, nhm VIIIB. M l Fe. 0,5
2. - Fe chy trong kh clo: 2Fe +
0
t
3Cl2 2FeCl3 0,25
Ha tan sn phm thu c vo nc thu c dung dch. Ly vi ml dung dch cho
tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3, c kt ta trng chng t c gc clorua:
FeCl3 + 3AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 3AgCl
Lp li th nghim vi dung dch NaOH, c kt ta nu chng t c 0,75
Fe(III): FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
- Nung hn hp bt Fe v bt S: Fe + S FeS
0
t

Cho B vo dung dch H2SO4 long, c kh mi trng thi bay ra chng t c 0,25
gc sunfua: FeS + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2S (trng thi)
Nh dung dch NaOH vo dung dch thu c, c kt ta trng xanh
 VnDoc - Ti ti liu, vn bn php lut, biu mu min ph
chng t c Fe(II): FeSO4 0,75
+ 2NaOH Na2SO4 + Fe(OH)2 (trng xanh)
Bi 5 Vit cc PTHH 0,5
3 Quy i hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 v a mol Fe v b mol O. 0,5
56x + 16 y= 37,6
= 3,36/22,4 =0,15 mol n SO2
Fe + 3e Fe3 0,5
x 3x 3x = 2y + 0,3 0,5
O + 2e O2
y 2y
+ 2e S 4
6

0,3 0,15
Ta c x = 0,5 a = 28 (g) 0,5
y = 0,6
Bo ton nguyn t S ta c: nS ( H2SO4) = nS( Fe2(SO4)3 + nS (SO2) 0,5
S mol H2SO4 = 0,9 mol
Bi 6 t x, y, z ln lt l s mol Fe, Zn, Al trong 20,4 g hn hp X
3 Theo u bi 56x + 65y + 27z = 20,4 (I)
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 (1) 0,5
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 (2)
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (3)
T 1, 2, 3 v u bi 0,5
(II) 3 10, 08
nH 2 x y z 0, 45mol
Trong 0,2 mol hn hp 2 22, 4 0,5
X s mol Fe, Zn, Al ln lt l kx, ky, kz
kx + ky + kz = 0,2 (III)
2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 (4)
Zn + Cl2 ZnCl2 (5)
2Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3 (6)
3 3 6,16 0,5
(IV) nCl2 x y z 0, 275mol
T I, II, III, IV 2 2 22, 4
X = 0,2 mol mFe = 11,2 gam
0,5
Y = 0,1 mol mZn = 6,5 gam
Z = 0,1 mol mAl = 2,7 gam
Bi 7 Nung hn hp X S + Fe FeS (1)
3 2x 2x
Cht rn Y gm FeS v Fe d. Gi x, y ln lt l s mol FeS v Fe trong mi phn
hn hp Y.
FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S (2) 0,5
x mol x mol
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 (3)
y mol y mol
 VnDoc - Ti ti liu, vn bn php lut, biu mu min ph
x( x2
nFe34 x2 y3y ) 4 Ta c:
M Y x y y 1 13 2
% khi lng ca Fe = 4 n56 100 2
% x 3
S
70%
% khi lng ca S = 30% (4 56) (3 32) 0,5
2. Tnh a, V .
Ta c:
2FeS+ 10H2SO4 c, nng Fe2(SO4)3 + 9SO2 +10H2O (4)
x 5x x/2 9x/2
2Fe+ 6H2SO4 c, nng Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O (5)
y 3y y/2 3y/2 0,5
H2SO4 d + BaCl2 2HCl + BaSO4 (6)
z z
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3BaCl2 2FeCl3 + 3BaSO4 (7)
(x/2+ y/2) 3(x/2+ y/2)
ta c PT:
3 () + z = 58,25x y 0,5
0,25
S mol H2SO4 dng: 5x + 3y + 55 2332 2
.98
0,55
z= 100.98
Gii ra: x = 0,075; y = 0,025 ; z = 0,1
Khi lng hn hp X= (0,075.88) (0,025.56) 16( g )
a = 2.
Th tch kh SO2 = V = 22,4 = 9.0,075 3.0,025
( )
8,4 (lt) 2 2
0,5

0,5