HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES: THECHNICAL ENGLISH

Submersible traveling screen -- A wire mesh screen that acts like a conveyor
belt when installed in the intakes of turbines at dams guiding and transporting
juvenile fish into bypass channels.

Supersaturation -- See dissolved gas concentrations.

Tailrace -- The canal or channel that carries water away from the dam.

Tailwater -- The water surface immediately downstream from a dam or

hydroelectric powerplant.

Trap and haul program -- A program to collect fish at a given point, transport
them to a different point, and release them.

Turbine -- A mechanism in a dam that rotates with the force of water and
produces electricity.

Turbine intake screens -- Large screens, which may have moving or non-
moving parts, designed to be placed in a dam's turbine intake at an angle to
deflect juvenile fish from the intakes into a bypass system.

Un-contracted water -- A volume of water in a storage reservoir that is not

assigned for other purposes, such as irrigation.

Velocity barrier -- A physical structure, such as a barrier dam or floating weir,

built in the tailrace of a hydroelectric powerhouse, which blocks the tailrace from
further adult salmon or steelhead migration to prevent physical injury or
migration delay.

Wasteway -- An open ditch or canal that discharges excess irrigation water or

power plant effluent into the river channel.

Water banking -- An administrative system for renting surplus water.

Water budget -- A provision of the Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife
Program that calls for increasing Columbia and Snake River Flows during the
spring fish migration with the intent of increasing downstream survival of
migrating juvenile salmon and steelhead.

Watt -- A measure of the rate at which energy is produced, exchanged, or

consumed.

Weir (dam) -- A dam in a river to stop and raise the water, for the purpose of
conducting it to a mill, forming a fishpond, or the like. When uncontrolled, the
weir is termed a fixed-crest weir. Other types of weirs include broad-crested,
sharp-crested, drowned, and submerged.

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