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Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing Mine2 4D
Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing Mine2 4D
Demonstration Guidelines
Edition 1.0
Edition 1.0
Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Table of Contents
1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................1
2 Selling Points...........................................................................................................................2
3 Demonstration Topics..............................................................................................................3
4 Demonstration Procedures.......................................................................................................4
4.1 Getting Started ................................................................................................................5
4.2 Project Setup....................................................................................................................8
4.3 The Open Pit Design Processes.....................................................................................25
4.3.1 Optimized Block Model Strings Generation.........................................................26
4.3.2 Open Pit Design.....................................................................................................31
4.3.3 Open Pit Design Strings Preparation.....................................................................52
4.3.4 Design Definitions.................................................................................................59
4.4 Data Validation Tools.....................................................................................................78
4.4.1 Design Data Validation..........................................................................................79
4.4.2 Block Model Data Validation................................................................................86
4.5 The Planning Process.....................................................................................................89
4.5.1 Planning Preparation..............................................................................................90
4.5.2 Solids Creation......................................................................................................97
4.5.3 Evaluation of Solids.............................................................................................105
4.5.4 Sequencing...........................................................................................................110
4.6 Reporting, Object Coloring and 3D Animation...........................................................150
4.6.1 Reporting.............................................................................................................150
4.6.2 Object Coloring...................................................................................................158
4.6.3 3D Animation......................................................................................................160
5 Additional Topics.................................................................................................................168
5.1 Creation of a New Project and User List.....................................................................168
5.2 Definition of Legends..................................................................................................171
5.3 Definition of Cross Sections .......................................................................................175
Edition 1.0
Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
1 Introduction
This document is aimed at assisting you in giving an effective demonstration of the software
solution Mine2-4D, used in the process of advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing. It is
recommended that you acquaint yourself with the items listed below, which form part of the
installed software, demonstration set or additional documentation located on DaDS:
Software
o Mine2-4D version 11.0.1424.0
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
2 Selling Points
The following list contains some of the major selling points of Mine2-4D as a software
solution for the process of advanced Open Pit Design:
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
3 Demonstration Topics
This demonstration will show you the power and flexibility of the suite of tools, found
within Mine2-4D, which can be used in the process of advanced Open Pit Design and
Sequencing. The demonstration will make use of the ultimate pit block model generated and
exported in the Open Pit Optimization and Scheduling process (created in NPV Scheduler)
for the shallow, hydrothermal Cu-Au deposit. The demonstration will use an existing Project
to show the procedures, graphical and non-graphical tools that are used in the setup of a
project, the construction of an open pit design, the preparation of the design outlines for
planning, the creation and evaluation of the planning solids, the generation of a planning
sequence and the tool available for validation of design and planning data. The completed
example shows a pit design, planning outlines, solids and sequence for the Year 1pit.
It is suggested that you follow the topics below, in the order shown, in order to give an
effective presentation of the various tools (follow the hyperlink, Ctrl + Click, to move to the
Demonstration Procedure for the specific topic). The approximate demonstration time is
shown in brackets.
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
4 Demonstration Procedures
Please note that all files (*.txt,*.dm) that have a name starting
with a vb (e.g. vb_pitbase.dm) are standard demonstration files
and should NOT be overwritten during the demonstration
process. The demonstration guidelines make use of these standard
files, although you may wish to use files that are created during
the demonstration process.
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Overview:
Starting a new open pit design and sequencing exercise may involve either the creation of a
new project or the use of an existing Mine2-4D project. This may include the importing of
external data (e.g. CAD drawings, block models) and the adding of existing Mine2-4D and
Datamine format data files to the project. Please see 5.1 Creation of a New Project and
User List for details on how to create a new project and user list.
Demonstration Procedure:
This demonstration will use the existing Viking Bounty project which is contained within
the project document VikingBounty.m2d. The procedure is as follows:
First Time:
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Thereafter:
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Window Layout
1. An effective way of laying out the various Mine2-4D windows is shown below:
Design Window | select the Maximize Window button in top right corner
Set the Snap Mode to Points
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Overview:
Setting up a project includes the definition of default filenames, parameters and settings that
are specific to the project and that are to be used to guide the different design and planning
processes used within Mine2-4D. Part of the project set up is done at the start of or during the
project work (s), while some of the set up is done only after certain processes have been
completed (a) e.g. the design string types need to be created in the Design process before they
can be defined in the General Setup dialog.
This part of the demonstration will review the existing project setup and add or modify
settings where required. The following setup categories are available:
General s,a
Conventions
o
Attributes s
o
Properties s
o
Naming s
Geology
o
Interrogation s,a
o
Default Values s
o
External Data *
Derived Activities *
Scheduler *
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Overview:
The General settings are used to define the Design Strings and Options that are to be used
in the project. The design strings to be used in the project are represented by one or more of
the following standard design string types i.e. Fixed Cross Sectional, Outlines or Complex
Solids (see Notes below for more details). The Options tick-boxes control (switch on/off) the
use of the options listed below:
These options need to be set up using the corresponding vertical menu options available
under the Project Setup dialog (these are covered in the sections below).
Demonstration Procedure:
This project will make use of all three design string types as well as the options Naming
Convention, Additional Attributes and Interrogate Geological Model. This can be
demonstrated by reviewing the settings in these options.
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
2. Review the General project parameters as shown in the tables below (please note that the
design strings will be viewed at a later stage in the demonstration and should preferably
not be shown during the review of the General settings)
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Notes:
The design string types defined in the Design Strings dialog box can be used to
represent the different Open Pit design elements as follows:
o Trim Blasts:
Fixed Cross Sectionals (FXS)
Defined/Created by applying a fixed cross section perimeter to a design
string (survey line)
o Blasts:
Outlines (OUT)
Created by projecting perimeters a set distance perpendicularly
o Ramps and Temporary Ramps:
Complex Solids (CXS)
Created by pairs of non co-planar perimeters
In a new project, the design files would normally need to be created before being defined
in the General settings dialog
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Overview:
Attributes are descriptors (alpha or numeric) that are added (manually or automatically see
below) to design elements and activities to provide the following:
Extra filtering capabilities for design elements, schedule and reporting
Ability to spatially filter and locate different individual (or groups) design elements
Input into the naming convention for each activity (mining or derived)
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Demonstration Procedure:
This can be demonstrated by reviewing the Attribute settings for the project. The procedure
for defining or reviewing settings is as follows:
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Notes:
Attributes should be applied so that they increase the level of understanding of the
design and add to the quality of information gained from the schedule and reports
The addition of Attributes should be kept to a useful minimum
Excessive use of Attributes can be time consuming (i.e. Mine2-4D processing time is
increased)
Only Attributes defined in the Attributes dialog will be transferred from design
elements to activities undefined Attributes are automatically removed during
processing
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Overview:
Properties are descriptors (alpha or numeric) that are added to activities to provide the
following:
Base properties for scheduling and reporting (these 11 properties are: Metres, Area,
Insitu Tonnes, Insitu Volume, Density, Tonnage Factor, Grade Factor, Mined
Tonnes, Mined Volume, Void Volume, Depleted Volume)
User defined properties for scheduling and reporting
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Demonstration Procedure:
This project will extract the following properties from the block model vb_m4d_npvmod1:
Density - field DENSITY in block model
ZONE - rock type code (numeric)
NPVSEQ - NPV Scheduler block sequence number
AU - Gold grade (unit: grams per tonne)
CU - Copper grade (unit: Percent)
This can be demonstrated by reviewing the Properties settings for the project. The procedure
for defining or reviewing settings is as follows:
2. Note that the first ten properties listed in the Properties dialog are standard properties
3. Review the existing additional properties (bold text entries as shown in the table below)
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Notes:
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Overview:
Demonstration Procedure:
This project will use a combination of Mine2-4D attributes, user Attributes (BENCH) and
delimiters, to define a Naming Convention for the activities which is 15 character long and
has the format B***_*_******** .
This can be demonstrated by reviewing the Naming Convention settings for the project. The
procedure for defining or reviewing settings is as follows:
2. Review the existing Naming Convention construction as shown in the table below
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Notes:
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Overview:
Demonstration Procedure:
This project will use the Filter Type option DESIGN TYPE to sequentially
Interrogate/Deplete the block model vb_m4d_npvmod1 in the following order:
1. Ramps and Temporary Ramps (CXS)
2. Blasts (OUT)
3. Trim Blasts (FXS)
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
This can be demonstrated by reviewing the Interrogation settings for the project. The
procedure for defining or reviewing settings is as follows:
2. Review the existing Interrogation and Depletion activities (as shown in the table below)
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Notes:
Legends can be used during the interrogation process e.g. a Grade Category legend could
be used to provide block model evaluations according to different grade categories (see
5.2 Definition of Legends for details)
When checked (recommended option), the Perform Dilution Calculations option treats
the block model void volume as waste material with no grade
The system has the ability to utilize multiple block models, rotated and un-rotated
Advanced depletion techniques can be used to properly report mined tonnages and fill
mining (e.g. backfilling to create a temporary access ramp or dump)
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Overview:
The Default Values dialog is used to define default values for the following:
Density
Density Units
Evaluation Properties (e.g. ZONE, AU, CU)
Demonstration Procedure:
This project will use a default density of 0.000001iT/m3 and a value of 0 for the other
Properties (Important: See Notes below). This default density value is used if no DENSITY
field exists in the block model and when design elements are evaluated against the block
model in void volume areas. When present in the block model, the density value in the
DENSITY field is used in evaluations.
This can be demonstrated by reviewing the Default Values settings for the project. The
procedure for defining or reviewing Defaults is as follows:
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Notes:
The <Default> Density value needs to be 0 (in this case it is set to 0.00001 as the dialog
doesnt accept a 0 value) so the design is evaluated correctly. Some of the design outlines
and the derived solids (only Blasts and Temporary Ramps are affected) that are created in
the Open Pit Design and Planning Processes extend above the surface of the block model.
These portions of the volumes should be assigned a zero Tonnage; this is achieved by
using the zero Density value in the <Default> entry
Overview:
The External Data dialog is used to define connections to external data sources that provide
Interrogation information about design elements. This information is then used in the
evaluation tables instead of values obtained from the Mine2-4D Interrogation.
Demonstration Procedure:
This option will not be used. A block model will be Interrogated to obtain Evaluation results.
1. Complete this portion of the demonstration by closing the Project Setup dialog
In the Project Setup dialog | select Cancel button
In the Exit Project Setup without saving message dialog | select Yes button
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Overview:
The design of an open pit (interim and final pits) and its various components (Ramps, Faces
and Berms) is generally guided by the limits of an existing pit shell. This pit shell may have
been derived from a pit optimization and scheduling exercise using a pit optimization
program e.g. NPV Scheduler. The output from this optimization process can either be a
wireframe surface or a block model (more commonly used).
The open pit design processes within Mine2-4D facilitate the creation of the open pit design
strings (ramps, crests and toes) and then the alteration of this data to fit within the general
Mine2-4D framework.
The overall procedure for generating an open pit design and preparing it for the Mine2-4D
Planning Process is as follows:
3. Convert design strings to fixed cross sectionals, outlines and complex solids
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Overview:
The Open Pit Block Model Preparation Wizard is designed to step the user through the
process of converting the imported optimized block model into a set of outline strings. These
outline strings can then be used in conjunction with the block model coloring (using
Legends, see 5.2 Definition of Legends for details) to guide the pit design process.
Demonstration Procedure:
This project will use the block model field TOTAL_TB (NPV Scheduler period number that
indicates in what latest period a block/cell is scheduled to be mined) to group together blocks
falling within Year 1 to indicate the limits for the pit design process.
The procedure for importing the optimized block model and generating the outline strings
and Legend(s) is as follows:
3. Review the Block Model Statistics (dialog 2) information as shown below and then
select Next to move to the next dialog
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
5. In the Generate Block Model Slice Strings dialog (dialog 4), set the slicing parameters
as shown in the table below and then select Next to move to the next dialog
6. In the final Open Pit Block Model Preparation Wizard dialog (dialog 5) select the
Finish button to move to the Legend Definition dialog
7. In the Legend Definition dialog, modify the parameters for the OpenPit_TOTAL_TB
legend to include only two entries
Delete the rows 3 5 (last three rows) using Left-click + Drag | Right-click | Delete
Current | Yes to delete selected multiple rows
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
8. In the Legend Definition dialog, select the Save button to save the newly created legend
9. In the Legend Definition dialog, select Exit button to execute the model preparation
process
10. The Model Preparation process will then complete automatically and Mine2-4D will
return to the Open Pit tab on completion
Notes:
The model preparation (model slicing) process generates mid bench (mid model
block [parent cell] elevation) pseudo-strings (pseudo-perimeters) that are used for
visually guiding the design process. These pseudo-strings cannot be selected or edited
in the Design window
These pseudo-strings are not saved and need to be regenerated for each session of
Mine2-4D if they are to be used (optional) by the user in the design process
The import process overwrites the existing edited legend OpenPit_TOTAL_TB each
time that the Model Preparation process is run
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Overview:
The Open Pit Design tab options provide the following functionality:
Definition of different sets of Projection Setup parameters
Definition of different sets of Road Setup parameters
Automated generation of Ramp, Berm and Face design strings
Demonstration Procedures:
The pit design tools and procedures can be demonstrated by generating the design for the
bottom three benches of the Year 1 Pit (as a backup, if required, the design strings for these
benches are saved in the file vb_m4d_pdsign_b80-120). The design will use the Bottom Up
method, starting at a Toe elevation of 60m. The open pit design process will be guided by
coloring the block model using the Legend OpenPit_NPVSEQ (and not by using the
pseudo-strings generated in the previous step). The existing set of Fixed Projection and Road
parameters saved under the name Pit1, will be used to define the default parameters. An
existing pit design for the total Year 1 Pit vb_m4d_pdsign_Year1 will be used to complete
the demonstration and also for the follow-on Open Pit Design Process steps.
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Digitize or load the pit design base string (closed perimeter) for the bottom bench
Construct a Road Segment (i.e. Ramp to next bench)
Edit the base string to accommodate the road entrance (if required)
Construct a Road Contour at the top elevation of the road segment
Construct a Berm (with/without Tapering)
Edit the Berm string (move out to the pit shell limit; create switchback entrance space)
Repeat above steps where required
The procedures for reviewing the Projection Setup and Road Setup parameters and creating
the pit design are as follows:
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Select one of the options from the buttons Fixed, Variable or Model
Define the relevant parameters
Select the OK button to save the parameters
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
(Note that the block model defined in the previous step has been loaded, set to the
minimum mid bench (block model) elevation (-50m) and colored according to the
Legend OpenPit_TOTAL_TB)
3. Set the Design window Snap Mode to Points (if not already set - the default is normally
Snap to Grid)
Design window | Right-click | Snap to Points
Notes:
Any block model or string data loaded before the Define Interactive Expansion
settings step, will be cleared from the Design window when this option is run
The bench numbering convention uses the top of bench (crest) elevation to name the
bench e.g. Bench 120 has a crest elevation of 120m
Do not select the Apply >>> button the pseudo strings are not used in this
demonstration to guide the open pit design process
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
1. Load the previously created pit base string (perimeter) into the Design window
Design window | Right-click | Load | Strings
select vb_m4d_pdsign_base from the File Browser list
In the Filter Strings dialog | select OK button
3. Zoom into the area of the pit base string Orange (3) and move the pit so that it is just
right of centre in the Design window
4. Lay out the Mine2-4D windows to obtain a good view of both the Interactive Pit
Expansion dialog and the Design window as shown below
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
5800.0 E
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Step 1a.
5000.0 N 5000.0 N
4900.0 N 4900.0 N
1
4800.0 N 4800.0 N
2
4700.0 N 4700.0 N
5800.0 E
5900.0 E
6000.0 E
6100.0 E
6200.0 E
Step 1b Create Bench 80 Ramp
2. Create the Ramp string starting at Point 1. (see diagram Step1a. above), going to the west
and outside of the base string (Note the messages in the Design window instruction
dialog- bottom right)
Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Create Road group | Create button
Select Start point of Ramp at Point 1. (snap to point)(see diagram Step1a. above)
Select Ramp Direction at Point 2. (see diagram Step1a. above)
1. The diagram below shows the results of this step including the green Ramp string
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5900.0 E
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Step 1b.
5000.0 N 5000.0 N
4900.0 N 4900.0 N
4800.0 N 4800.0 N
4700.0 N 4700.0 N
5800.0 E
5900.0 E
6000.0 E
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6200.0 E
Step 1c Create Bench 80 Crest
1. Create the Crest string using Project Bench and the Contour Method
The Toe (base) string should still be selected (highlighted yellow)
Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Project Bench group | Project button
2. The diagram below shows the results of this step including the yellow Crest string
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5800.0 E
6100.0 E
5900.0 E
6000.0 E
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Step 1c.
5000.0 N 5000.0 N
4900.0 N 4900.0 N
4800.0 N 4800.0 N
4700.0 N 4700.0 N
5800.0 E
5900.0 E
6000.0 E
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Create Bench 100 - Toe, Ramp and Crest strings
1. The Bench 80 Crest string should still be selected from the previous step
2. Create the initial Bench 100 Toe string using Expand Berm (no Fillet option)
Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Expand Berm group | Expand button
3. Edit the Toe string points to incorporate the green Year 1 model blocks as shown below
Move Point 1. out to the corner of the red block (approx X=5790 Y=5000) (This step
is important in that it prevents the Bench 100 Ramp string from going around this
corner of the pit in an easterly direction)
Insert a new point at Point 2.
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abc
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Step 2b.
1 2
5000.0 N 5000.0 N
4900.0 N 4900.0 N
3..
4800.0 N 4800.0 N
4700.0 N 4700.0 N
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Step 2c Create Bench 100 Ramp
5. Create the Ramp string starting at Point 3. (see diagram Step2b. above)
Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Create Road group | Create button
Select Start point of Ramp at Point 3. (snap to top inside corner of the previous
Ramp)(see diagram Step2b. above)
Select Ramp Direction at approximately Point 4. (see diagram Step2b. above)
6. The diagram below shows the results of this step including the green Ramp string
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5800.0 E
6100.0 E
5900.0 E
6000.0 E
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Step 2c.
5000.0 N 5000.0 N
4900.0 N 4900.0 N
4800.0 N 4800.0 N
4700.0 N 4700.0 N
5800.0 E
5900.0 E
6000.0 E
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6200.0 E
Step 2d Create Bench 100 Crest
3. Create the Crest string using Project Bench and the Contour Method
The Toe (base) string should still be selected (highlighted yellow)
Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Project Bench group | Project button
4. The diagram below shows the results of this step including the yellow Crest string
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5800.0 E
6100.0 E
5900.0 E
6000.0 E
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Step 2d.
5000.0 N 5000.0 N
4900.0 N 4900.0 N
4800.0 N 4800.0 N
4700.0 N 4700.0 N
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5900.0 E
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Create Bench 120 - Toe, Ramp and Crest strings
1. The Bench 100 Crest string should still be selected from the previous step
2. Create the initial Bench 120 Toe string using Expand Berm (no Fillet option)
Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Expand Berm group | Expand button
3. The diagram below shows the results of this step including the orange Toe string
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5900.0 E
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Step 3a.
1
5000.0 N 5000.0 N
4900.0 N 4900.0 N
4800.0 N 4800.0 N
4700.0 N 4700.0 N
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Step 3b Create Bench 120 Ramp
5. Create the Ramp string starting at Point 1. (see diagram Step3a. above)
Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Create Road group | Create button
Select Start point of Ramp at Point 1. (snap to top inside corner of the previous
Ramp)(see diagram Step3a. above)
Select Ramp Direction at approximately Point 2. (see diagram Step2b. above)
6. The diagram below shows the results of this step including the green Ramp string
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5800.0 E
6100.0 E
5900.0 E
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Step 3b.
5000.0 N 5000.0 N
4900.0 N 4900.0 N
4800.0 N 4800.0 N
4700.0 N 4700.0 N
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Step 3c Edit Bench 120 Toe
8. Edit the Toe string points to create a flat area for the Ramp switchback as shown below
Move Point 1. to the outside bottom corner of the Bench 120 Ramp
Move point Point 2. northwards
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Step 3c.
5000.0 N 5000.0 N
1
4900.0 N 4900.0 N
4800.0 N 4800.0 N
4700.0 N 4700.0 N
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Step 3d Create Bench 120 Crest
5. Create the Crest string using Project Bench and the Contour Method
The Toe (base) string should still be selected (highlighted yellow)
Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Project Bench group | Project button
6. The diagram below shows the results of this step including the yellow Crest string
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5800.0 E
6100.0 E
5900.0 E
6000.0 E
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Step 3d.
5000.0 N 5000.0 N
4900.0 N 4900.0 N
4800.0 N 4800.0 N
4700.0 N 4700.0 N
5800.0 E
5900.0 E
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6200.0 E
Create Bench 140 using Additional Automation and Conditioning tools
The Berm-Ramp-Face creation cycle can be automated (if applicable) and additional string
conditioning (i.e. rounding of corners) can be applied to the design strings by ticking the
appropriate options in the Settings and Design tab. This can be demonstrated by selecting the
required conditioning and automate options and then creating one extra bench (Bench 140)
with an anti-clockwise ramp.
2. The Current Elevation should still be at 120 (Important - Reset if required using the
menu arrows)
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3. The Bench 120 Crest string should still be selected from the previous step (Reselect if
required)
4. Create the initial Bench 140 Toe string using Expand Berm
Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Expand Berm group | Expand button
5. Generate a single anti-clockwise Ramp-Bench-Berm string set, in one step, by using Auto
Generate
Interactive Pit Design dialog | Design tab | Auto Generate button (on right side of
dialog)
Select Start point of Ramp at Point 1. (snap to the previous Berm)(see diagram Step4.
below)
In the Auto Expand dialog | No. Expansions 1
In the Auto Expand dialog | Road Direction group | select Anti-Clockwise
In the Auto Expand dialog | OK button
Please note:
The Design window instruction dialog (bottom right) may prompt for a base
string if not already selected
The Design window instruction dialog (bottom right) may prompt for a start point
(Point 1.) and direction for the Ramp (Point 2.) (see diagram Step4. below)
The creation of the Ramp-Bench-Berm set may take a few seconds
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5700.0 E
5900.0 E
6100.0 E
5800.0 E
6000.0 E
6200.0 E
Step 4.
5000.0 N 5000.0 N
4900.0 N 4900.0 N
4800.0 N
1 4800.0 N
4700.0 N 4700.0 N
5700.0 E
5800.0 E
5900.0 E
6000.0 E
6100.0 E
6200.0 E
8. Remove these design strings when finished with this step
Design window | Right-click | Erase | All Strings | Yes
The pit design process can require the use of a combination of conditioning options and
Expansion Methods (Bottom Up, Top Down) and the use of various design string colors to
represent the different pit design elements. The use of different colors, linestyles and symbols
on the design strings provides flexibility in later steps during the Open Pit Design Process.
This is illustrated in the completed pit design for the Year 1 interim pit for the Viking Bounty
project.
1. Load the completed pit design strings for Year 1 into the Design window (see diagram
below) and view the design strings in the Visualizer without the block model slice visible
Design window | Right-click | Load | Strings | Yes
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5800.0 E
5900.0 E
6300.0 E
6400.0 E
5700.0 E
6000.0 E
6100.0 E
6200.0 E
Completed Example - Pit Design Year1
5200.0 N 5200.0 N
5100.0 N 5100.0 N
5000.0 N 5000.0 N
4900.0 N 4900.0 N
4800.0 N 4800.0 N
4700.0 N 4700.0 N
5700.0 E
5800.0 E
5900.0 E
6000.0 E
6100.0 E
6200.0 E
6300.0 E
6400.0 E
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3. View the design strings against the block model cells and note their positions relative to
the blocks falling within Year1 (green) and the remaining blocks within the Ultimate Pit
(red). The grey blocks fall outside the Ultimate Pit limits (see diagram below the view
is looking down and to the north-east).
Design window | Right-click | Settings | Visualizer tab | tick Model Cells | OK
Design window | Right-click | Update Visualizer Objects
Visualizer window | Model Planes | Make Hidden
Notes:
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The design strings would generally be validated at this stage before moving onto the next
step
The crest and toe strings from the upper benches have been colored differently to those
from the lower benches so as to distinguish between different design type requirements
for the next Open Pit Design Strings Preparation step
Creating separate Ore and Waste outlines on each Bench would provide extra flexibility
when defining design string types and their mining attributes
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Overview:
The next step in the Open Pit Design Process requires that the design strings be converted
into standard perimeters or Pit Design String Types that can be recognized by the Mine2-4D
Planning processes. These fall into one of the following three categories, as outlined under
Project Setup:
The generation of the Outlines is aided by the use of a plan-view grid which allows the large
areas, defined by the Crest/Toe strings, to be subdivided into smaller areas approximating the
size of the required mining unit to be used in Sequencing and Scheduling. The Design Strings
are converted into the corresponding Pit Design String Types as follows:
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Demonstration Procedures:
Grid Generation
The Grid Generation menu allows the user to create (and save to file) 2D grids (a set of
closed rectangular perimeters) by defining (dialog or interactively in the Design window) a
Base Point, grid Size, grid Extents and the number of grids in each of the X and Y directions.
This can be demonstrated by creating a grid (each grid block represents 48,000m3) and
saving it to file. The procedure for creating a grid and saving it to file is as follows:
2. Define the grid parameters as shown in the table below and then select OK button to
generate and load the grid strings into the Design window
3. Note that the grid extends just beyond the X and Y extents of the Design Strings
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The Pit Preparation dialog provides the ability to set up rules which are used to guide the
creation of the FXS, OUT and CXS design string types from the design strings. This
process also creates an initial set of design definitions. The generation of the OUT strings is
facilitated by use of the relevant grid files. The Pit Preparation rules make use of the design
string colors to define a unique rule for generating each design string type. The following
Pit Preparation Rule options are available (Please see the Help document for graphical
examples of each rule):
It is important to note that each different design string element (e.g. Ramp, TempRamp,
Blast1, Blast2, Trim) requires a unique color (not color-linestyle-symbol combination as used
elsewhere) so that a unique rule can be set up for each of the different design string elements.
The Year 1 pit contains differently colored Crest/Toe strings for the upper benches than in the
lower benches as the lower benches require the creation of Blasts and Trim Blasts (using
Grid Cutting and Trim option) , while the upper benches only require the creation of Blasts
(using Grid Cutting option). Ramps and Temporary Ramps are also treated differently in that
Ramps comprise only an upper wedge (to be mined out) while Temporary Ramps comprise
an upper and a lower wedge (both are to be mined out).
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This can be demonstrated by reviewing the existing set of Pit Preparation rules and design
strings reviewed in section 4.3.2 Open Pit Design (these design strings should still be
displayed in the Design window). Only the rules will be reviewed it is strongly suggested
that the Pit Preparation process is NOT run (i.e. do not select the Pit Preparation dialog OK
button after reviewing the rules) as the existing Design Definitions and FXS, OUT and CXS
strings would be replaced (see Notes below).
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Regenerating the FXS, OUT and CXS strings (Not for Demonstration)
1. After defining the required Pit Preparation rules, start the Pit Preparation processing
Pit Preparation dialog | OK button
(Selecting the OK button also Saves any changes made to the Rules)
Select Yes in the WARNING This process will automatically delete all of
your current Design Definitions. This project already has message dialog
2. (If the Open Pit Preparation is run for the first time or run after the design strings have
been altered: This processing may take anything between 10s of seconds to a few minutes
depending on the speed of the computer. Each of the four Rules is processed in sequence
and is highlighted in the Pit Preparation dialog as it is being processed. The Grid Cutting
processing is displayed in the Design window while the processing of the other Rules is
not visible to the user)
3. Select No in the Would you like to open the design definitions dialog message
dialog
Notes:
Why not rerun the Pit Preparation process?
o FXS, OUT and CXS have been edited, rerunning will replace these strings
with unedited strings
o The FXS string types (representing the Trim Blasts on Benches 80 -120)
would initially have had a color yellow (4) after being created by the Pit
Preparation process; their color has been changed to red (2) for visualization
purposes (i.e. both strings and Design Definitions have been edited)
o In creating the demonstration, certain Outlines have been combined in order
to remove excessively small outlines examples can be seen on the south
western edge of the Bench 140 outlines
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The selection of the Outline Position (i.e. Top, Centre or Bottom) can have an effect
on the volume (and tonnage) calculations for outlines along the outside of the pit
perimeter for face angles <90 degrees. Volumes can be overestimated when the Top
position is used and underestimated when the Bottom position is used. This potential
calculation issue has been ignored in this demonstration
The size of the Trim Blasts is controlled by the following parameters:
o FXS Segment Length - (here set to 100m) controls the length i.e. dimension
parallel to Crest
o Trim Width - controls the width i.e. dimension perpendicular to Crest
The custom FXS Shape Trim_10m used in this demonstration, needs to first be
defined using the X-Sectional Tool in the Design Definitions dialog (See section 5.3
Definition of Cross Sections for further details)
The clockwise/anti-clockwise orientation of the Crest string controls the internal
sequence order created within each set (1 set per each Crest string) of Trims. In this
demonstration, the Crest strings are ordered in such a way that the Trims are
numbered (increasing) in the downward direction of each benchs Ramp
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Overview:
The next step in the Open Pit Design Process is the creation of design definitions and then
their application to the corresponding design string types (i.e. FXS, OUT and CXS strings).
The main function of the Design Definitions menu is to provide a fast and robust means of
ensuring that the design string types are formatted with Visual and Non-Visual Attributes in a
consistent and organized manner.
Mine2-4D automates a great deal of the mine design process by using string attributes to
define different open pit excavation types (Blasts, Ramps, Temporary Ramps, Trims). The
different FXS, OUT and CXS strings are differentiated by using unique combinations of
color, linestyle and symbol, to which are added design attributes. This unique list of color-
linestyle-symbol string types and their associated design attributes (and other properties)
make up the design definitions. These definitions then give the user the ability to
automatically apply design attributes to the new or modified string a potentially large time-
saving facility.
The design definitions are managed by separation into three tabs i.e. FXS, OUT and CXS.
On entering the design definitions, Mine2-4D will list all the unique combinations of color,
linestyle and symbol found in the three design string types files. The general procedure for
working with design definitions is as follows:
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Demonstration Procedures:
This can be demonstrated by Reviewing the existing Design Definitions and FXS, OUT and
CXS strings; showing examples of the Filtering, Editing and Connecting functionality.
The layout shown in the diagram below will allow both the Design Definitions dialog and the
Design window to be viewed at the same time. Note that the Design Definitions window has
been reduced in size by dragging the right edge towards the left (it stops at a fixed minimum
distance).
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1. Open the Design Definitions dialog and view the design string types at the same time
Vertical Menu | Design | Design Definitions | Connect tab | Connect to Definitions
group | Design Definitions button
In the Clear Design Window dialog | tick View Design strings while editing Design
Definition box | select Yes button
2. Lay out the Design Definitions dialog and Design window as shown in above diagram
3. The design definitions are initially displayed for the FXS string types; their
corresponding red (2) strings are shown in the Design window
4. In the Design Definitions dialog FXS tab, each entry has a unique set of Linking
Attributes (Color, Linestyle, Symbol) shown on the left and its associated design
Properties and Scheduling, Segment and Advanced settings shown to the right (use
bottom scrollbar to view settings hidden on the far right)
5. A perspective view of the strings in the Design window gives a good idea of how the
different design string types are represented
In the View Control Toolbar | select the View Orientation button
In the View Orientation dialog (top left corner of the Design window) | set Azi = 30 |
set Dip = -75 | select OK to set the new view
Use the Previous View button to toggle between Plan and Perspective views
6. The Design Definitions and their corresponding sets of strings for the OUT and CXS
design string types can be viewed by selecting the relevant tabs in the Design Definitions
dialog (the corresponding strings are automatically loaded when the tab is selected)
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7. Review the settings for each of the FXS, OUT and CXS design string types as shown in
the tables below, with the focus on the Properties settings
2
_____ 1001 202 1
Properties
Description Trim
Type Normal
Orientation Vertical
X Sectional Shape Trim_10m
Width 10
Height 20
Density <Default>
Scheduling
Constraint ASAP
Rate 1,250,000iT/mo
Segment
Distance 100
Advanced
Increments
Dumping
Exclude
Table Notes:
The horizontal rows in the Design Definitions dialog are represented in the tables by
a combination of horizontal rows for each Linking Attributes set and unique
Properties (OUT and CXS strings only) and a corresponding column of settings and
their values some sets may have identical attributes (these are listed in the column)
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The Properties Orientation value Vertical ensures that the cross section is
orientated vertically relative to the guiding string
The Properties X Sectional Shape is using the custom cross section Trim_10m
The Scheduling Rate value is set to 1,250,000iT/mo (i.e. monthly)
o Derived from the Total Rock mining rate target defined in NPV Scheduler
(15,000,000 tpa for Year 1)
o Rate = (15,000,000 / 12)iT/mo
The Segment Distance value of 100m controls the length for each Trim
Each set of Trims is represented by a single red (2) control string; Crest elevation of
each Bench, outer limit hence the 5m offset in the Trim_10m cross section
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Description
COLOUR LSTYLE SYMBOL No.
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Table Notes:
The Properties Height value 20 indicates that the Blast / Bench Height is 20m
The Properties Position value Top indicates that the Outlines represent the blast
crest position (other options include Centre and Bottom)
The Segment Distance value is 0 and indicates that each Outline is treated as one
entity and is not subdivided into smaller subunits or Segments
The Scheduling Rate value is set to 1,250,000iT/mo (i.e. monthly)
o Derived from the Total Rock mining rate target defined in NPV Scheduler
(15,000,000 tpa for Year 1)
o Rate = (15,000,000 / 12)iT/mo
Grayed-out settings have not been listed here and are indicated by the symbol
Each Blast is represented by a single closed string at the 20m Bench Crest elevation
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Table Notes:
The Properties Height value 20 indicates that the Blast / Bench Height is 20m
The Properties Position value Top indicates that the Outlines represent the blast
crest position (other options include Centre and Bottom)
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Notes:
The process of creating the design definitions list is repeated each time that the
Design Definitions dialog is opened (i.e. the FXS, OUT and CXS strings are
interrogated for any changes; modified or new strings are added to this list)
The FXS string types (representing the Trim Blasts on Benches 80 -120) would
initially have had a color yellow (4) after being created by the Pit Preparation process
in the last step; their color has been changed to red (2) for visualization purposes
In creating the demonstration, certain Outlines have been combined in order to
remove excessively small outlines examples can be seen on the south western edge
of the Bench 140 outlines
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You can view any strings with a unique definition, on their own in the Design window, by
using Filters. The Filter buttons and checkboxes are located in the Design group in the
lower portion of the Design Definitions dialog as highlighted in the diagram below.
Set the view in the Design window to the perspective view by using the Previous
View or View Orientation toolbar buttons (see procedure in previous section)
Select the relevant entry in the CXS Design Definitions table by selecting the No. cell
Select the Remove All Filters button to remove the filter and view all strings
2. Strings can also be filtered using the automatic Zoom and Change options
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(This combination of options is useful when the user needs to perform visual checks
on a long list of strings. Unticking the Auto Zoom option allows the user to view the
string(s) in its relative fixed position)
When finished filtering, untick the Auto Change box and select the Remove Filters
button
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3. Definitions can be Edited by selecting the required entry and editing the relevant settings
In the FXS tab | change the color for the Trims from red (2) to magenta (8)
4. The Addition, Editing or Deletion of definitions requires that the definitions be Saved in
order that these changes are stored for future use
In the Design Definitions dialog
Select the Save button (bottom right group of buttons) | in the Do you wish to save
changes to design strings message dialog | select No button
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Select the Connect button (bottom right group of buttons) | in the Do you wish to
save changes to design strings before continuing message dialog | select Yes
button
In the Connect to Design summary dialog | leave the FXS Connect box ticked | select
OK button (see diagram below note that Mine2-4D has detected that both the
Design (strings) and the Design Definitions have changed )
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Notes:
If you make any changes to the color, linestyle and symbol of the FXS, OUT or CXS
strings, these must be reflected in the Design Definitions
After Editing design definitions:
o the Apply Current button action updates the strings Selected in the Design
window with only Linking Attributes (i.e. Visual attributes)
o the Connect button action updates the strings with the non-visual attributes
e.g. Description
In the Design Definitions dialog, the editing of the Rate values (contains number and
units) can be facilitated by using the Build Rate dialog. This can be accessed by:
o Select the relevant entry under the Rate column | Right-click | Build Rate
In the Design Definitions dialog, the editing of multiple entries for a single column to
the same value (e.g. set Rate for all entries equal to 32,000), can be facilitated by
using the Bulk Field Change tool. The procedure is as follows:
o Select multiple entries using Left-click + drag | Right-click | Bulk Field
Change | in Bulk Field Changes dialog modify the relevant settings | select
OK button
Edited Design Definitions that are not reconnected to the relevant design type strings
will result in extra definitions. This can be fixed by deleting the extra definition and
reconnecting the design definition to the relevant strings
The process of Connecting to the Design Types erases existing Walls, Points,
Wireframes and evaluations that exist for the design types selected in the Connect to
Design dialog
If Mine2-4D experiences programs runtime errors, check all settings under Project
Setup when the project is again started
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Visual Attributes (Color, Linestyle and Symbol) and Non-Visual Attributes e.g. Description
(string file field M4DDESC) can be edited via the Design Definitions table as shown in the
previous step or, edited in the Design window using the Editing buttons in the Design group
in the lower portion of the Design Definitions dialog. These buttons are highlighted in the
diagram below.
Once the Edit Selected button and the relevant strings have been selected in the Design
window, the Visual and Non-Visual Attributes are edited using the following palettes which
are accessed via one of the four menu buttons located at the bottom of the Design window:
Attributes buttons
Color palette:
Symbol palette:
Linestyle palette:
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This functionality can be demonstrated by returning the color of the FXS strings to red (2)
(they should still be colored magenta (8) from the last section.
1. If not already open: Open the Design Definitions dialog and view the design string
types at the same time
Vertical Menu | Design | Design Definitions | Connect tab | Connect to Definitions
group | Design Definitions button
In the Clear Design Window dialog | tick View Design strings while editing Design
Definition box | select Yes button
2. Move the Design Definitions dialog up slightly so that the Design window Color,
Linestyles, Symbol and Attributes palettes are visible when used
4. Select the Edit Selected button and then select the first relevant Design string
In the Design Definition dialog | Design group | select Edit Selected button
In the Design window | Left-click to select a string
5. Edit the required attribute (in this case the color palette red (2) button)
6. Repeat steps 4 (only select string) and 5 until all strings have been colored red (2)
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7. Select the Finish button in the top left corner of the Design window when
complete
9. Refresh the Design Definitions list (only required if new strings have been added)
In the Design Definition dialog | Design group | select Refresh List button
In the Save Strings in the Design window and update the Design Definition
table? This will update your Design string file with any changes prompt dialog |
select Yes button
10. Remove extra Design Definition entry, color magenta (8) (only required if step 9 is
select)
In the Design Definitions table | Right-click on entry | Delete Current
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Notes:
Multiple strings can be edited by first selecting the strings in the Design window,
selecting the Edit Selected button and then changing the required attribute(s)
These design string types would typically be Validated before finalizing the Design
Definitions and commencing with the Planning Process (validation will be
demonstrated in 4.4 )
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Overview:
In addition to the numerous process internal data checks, there are a number of Data
Validation Tools within Mine2-4D which provide specialist/stand-alone data checking
functionality. These tools allow the user to easily perform validation at any stage of the Open
Pit Design or Planning processes. The following data types can be validated:
These design data validations are important as malformed strings can result in the creation of
incorrect solids which can potentially result in the evaluation and reporting of incorrect
volumes (and tonnages, grades). The following tools are available for the validation of data:
It is considered good practice to validate the relevant design data after the following
processes (as shown in the previous sections) have been completed:
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Demonstration Procedures:
Please note that the validation of design data can either be done using the Data Validation
Wizard (recommended) or using the Design Checks group buttons in the Design |
Validation | Validation tab. The demonstration will focus on the use of the Data Validation
Wizard. This validation functionality can be demonstrated by validating the FXS, OUT and
CXS strings that are output from the Design Definitions process.
1. Start the Data Validation Wizard and validate the FXS, OUT and CXS strings
Vertical Menu | Design | Validation | Validation tab | Data Validation Wizard
button
In the Data Validation Wizard (1) dialog | tick Fixed Cross Sectionals, Outlines
and Complex Solids boxes | select Next> button
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In the Data Validation Wizard (4) Cross-Over Strings dialog | note this is a
compulsory validation | note that stings containing cross-overs are flagged | select
Next> button
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10. Review the data validation results in the Data Deletion dialog (see diagram below for an
example of the output)
Move the Data Validation Wizard window to the left of the screen
In the Design window | Zoom out | Pan data to right using Keyboard arrow key
In the Data Validation Wizard (10) Data Deletion dialog
Note that the column headings are colored as follows:
Black - no problem
Orange - potential problem string
Red - problem string
Note that the columns in the dialog correspond to the checks as follows
Dupl ID - Duplicate Strings (dialog 5)
Point - Resolve FXS String Points (dialog 6)
RSLVE - Resolve FXS String Points (dialog 6)
Angles - Rectify Severe Angle Changes (dialog 7)
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11. Return to Flag the Severe Angle Changes dialog and repeat angle checks for Azimuth
>=270 and Dip>=7
Use the <Back button (3x) to return to Rectify Severe Angle Changes dialog
In the Data Validation Wizard (7) Rectify Severe Angle Changes dialog
In the Angle Checking - Options group | set Maximum Azimuth Change to 270
In the Angle Checking - Options group | set Maximum Dip Change to 6
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In the Angle Checking - Options group | tick Fixed Cross Sectionals, Outlines and
Complex Solids
In the Rectify Severe Angle Changes dialog | select Next> button
In the Endlink Checking dialog | select Skip> button
In the Complex Solid Checking dialog | select Next> button
View the results in the Data Validation Wizard (10) Data Deletion dialog (see
diagram below for the first few results) and note that
Fewer strings (only 4) have now been flagged for Angles and that these are
Temporary Ramp strings with Dips between 6.19o and 7.06o (use Filtering
tools as shown above and dropdown menu option Tools | Query | Strings to
view and query the Dip values on these strings)
12. Complete the validation process without changing or Erasing any Strings (no strings
require editing)
In the Data Validation Wizard (10) Data Deletion dialog
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Notes:
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The Advanced Design Stats tool (under Data Validation | Data Validation tab |
General Checks group | Advanced Design Stats button) allows the user to view a
summary list (for all strings) of the string statistics that are typically listed in the
Output window when the Tools | Query | Strings option is used. It provides an easy
means of viewing this information. The interface also provides string checking and
editing functionality.
Demonstration Procedures:
The validation of Block Model data is done using the Block Model Validation Wizard.
This validation functionality can be demonstrated by validating the geological block model
vb_m4d_npvmod1 that is to be used in the Evaluation of Solids process.
The procedure for using the Block Model Validation Wizard is as follows:
2. Perform the validation using the parameters listed in the summary table below
In the Select Fields to include in the Output Model dialog | select Next> button
In the Missing or Negative values in fields dialog | select Next> button
In the Performing an evaluation with continue? message dialog | select OK
button
In the Mine2-4D Block Model Validation successful dialog | select Finish
button
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Notes:
The creation of the mining block model for this demonstration involved the
combination of the geological block model and the NPVScheduler output model. The
following post-combination manipulation was required:
o Set default values for all parameters in the block model, where blocks contain
missing values
o Remove excess subcells at the surface (a result of combining a subcell with a
full parent cell model)
In the Block Model Validation Wizard (3) Missing or Negative Values dialog
o The missing values are a result of the addition of the NPV Scheduler ultimate
pit output model and the geological model. Missing values are outside of the
area of interest.
o Some of the TOTAL_TB values (in deeper and outer model blocks) are
negative these blocks fall outside the ultimate pit volume
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Overview:
Once the Open Pit Design Process has been completed, the design data is ready for the Open
Pit Planning Process. This typically consists of the following steps:
This functionality can be demonstrated by using the output from the Open Pit Design Process
to generate Walls & Points, Solids, Evaluations and Sequences for the various FXS, OUT and
CXS design types. The Reporting is covered in the next section 4.6 Reporting. This portion
of the demonstration will demonstrate the generation of new sets of Walls & Points, Solids
and Evaluations, while making use of an existing set of Sequence Rules to generate an
extraction sequence for the mining blocks.
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Demonstration Guidelines Advanced Open Pit Design and Sequencing - Mine2-4D
Overview:
The user is assisted by the layout and indicated work flow (green arrows) in the interface.
Only the Attributes and Derived Activities defined under Project Setup are able to form part
of this process. The processes under the Generate Walls & Points group allow for the
generation of two sets of data from the design string types:
Demonstration Procedures:
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Applying the BENCH Automatic Attribute using the grid strings file
vb_m4d_grid_xz_bench that was defined under Project Setup
The procedure for Generating Walls & Points (see summary settings table below) is as
follows:
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Notes:
The Points are saved in the tables named point* e.g. points_all_0
The Walls strings are saved in the tables named wall* e.g. walls_all_0
The generation of Walls & Points adds Attribute SEGMENT to the Walls and Points
The generation of Walls & Points adds Attribute NAME to the Points
FXS (Trims) segments are sequenced in direction away from bottom of the Ramps
Application of Automatic Attributes
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This process will add the Attribute BENCH, defined under Project Setup, only to the Points
(also referred to as Activities). At the same time, the activity NAME is also updated, using
the rule defined under Project Setup. The dialog performs various checks before applying the
attributes; the OK button is only enabled when data and settings are valid.
The procedure for Applying Automatic Attributes (see summary settings table below) is as
follows:
3. View the Points file points_all_0 in the Design window and annotate points with
BENCH attribute
In the Design window | Right-click | Load | Points | browse and select points_all_0
Zoom Extents using the View Control Toolbar | Zoom Extents button
Set point annotation on BENCH: Format | Annotation | Points | Create
In the Point Annotation dialog | select tab 1 | set Field = BENCH | select Apply
button
View the results in the Design window
i. Points in the far north have BENCH=200
ii. Points in the far south have BENCH =120
Clear the Design window: Menubar toolbar | Edit | Clear Design window
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Option Setting
Attribute BENCH
Method Automatic Application 2D Grid XZ Plane
Object vb_m4d_grid_xz_bench
Valid
Notes:
In the Project Setup, when defining Automatic Attributes using Grids, make sure that
the selected Plane i.e. XY, XZ or YZ corresponds with the plane in which the Grid
strings are located
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Overview:
The Solids Creation processes generate Solids (wireframe volumes) from the Walls (strings)
and their associated Design Definition parameters. These Solids will later be used in the
Evaluation process. The Solid Modeling interface provides the following functionality:
Creation of Solids
Editing of Solids *
Viewing of Solids
Demonstration Procedures:
Generation of Solids
The procedure for Generating Solids (see summary settings table below) is as follows:
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3. View the automatically loaded FXS Solids (wireframes) in the Design and Visualizer
windows (see diagram below)
These Solids represent the Trims (found only on Benches 120 80)
Wireframes are colored according to the Design Definitions parameters
Each Wall segment has generated a wireframe volume
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5. View the automatically loaded OUT Solids (wireframes) in the Design and Visualizer
windows (see diagram below)
These Solids represent the Blast1 and Blast2 wireframes
Wireframes are colored according to the Design Definitions parameters
Benches 200 140 - Blue (7)
Benches 120 80 - Yellow (4)
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In the Commands Auto Wireframe Stopes group | select AutoLink All button
In the This option will erase relink message dialog | Select Yes button
(The wireframes will sequentially be created [according to the order in the dialog list]
and displayed in the Design window. On completion, all wireframes will be displayed
in both the Design and Visualizer windows)
Select Continue button
7. View the automatically loaded CXS Solids (wireframes) in the Design and Visualizer
windows (see both diagrams below, two pages on)
The Cyan (6) Solids represent the Temporary Ramps wireframes (pairs of surfaces
top wedge; volumes bottom wedge)
The Green (5) Solids represent the Ramp wireframes (pairs of surfaces)
8. View individual wireframes using Autochange option and filtering (useful checking tool)
In the Current Complex Solid group | tick option Autochange
Select a wireframe item listed in the dialog (Left-click)
View the filtered wireframe in the Visualizer
After viewing various wireframes | select Remove All Filters button
9. Note: the Wireframe tools (highlighted in red in the diagram below) can be used to erase
and create individual wireframes (useful for dealing with difficult wireframes)
10. Save the new wireframes and close the Solids Modeling dialog
the Complex Solids Solid Modeling dialog
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Notes:
Optimal Linking - increases the accuracy of the linking process, but will take
slightly more time. It is recommended to leave the Optimal Linking option ON
Wireframe Linking Method - No method will work 100% of the time. Each
algorithm will work differently on different data sets. Find the linking method that
works best for your data by running the data through using each method. Generally,
on similar data the same method will continue to provide consistent results
FXS Solids Creation - the Minimum Surface Area linking method produces good
results with this data set
OUT Solids Creation - the Minimum Surface Area linking method produces good
results with this data set
CXS Solids Creation - the Equi-Angular Shape linking method produces good
results with this data set
CXS Solids Creation - use of Proportional Length linking method and Optimal
Linking typically creates wireframe volumes for both the Ramp and Temporary
ramps. The evaluation of these volumes yields less accurate results (i.e. less accurate
volumes and tonnages) than for pairs of wireframe surfaces
Viewing of Solids
The created Solids can either be viewed on creation (as shown in the last section) or at any
other stage by using the View Solids options (no filtering options available). It is good
practice to view all the design Solids together to check that there are no overlaps or gaps
between adjacent Solids.
This can be demonstrated by viewing all the Solids created in the last section. The procedure
for viewing all the design Solids is as follows:
2. View all the design Solids in the Visualizer (see diagram below)
In the Solid Model tab | View Solids group | tick option Clear Design Window
In the Solid Model tab | View Solids group | tick option Load Solids to Visualizer
In the Solid Model tab | View Solids group | select All Design Types button
Overview:
It is considered good practice to Validate any Block Models before they are used in the
Evaluating of Solids.
If not yet done, please proceed to 4.4.2 Block Model Data Validation
for a review of the Block Model Validation procedure before continuing
with the Evaluation of Solids.
The Solids generated in the previous section represent the various elements of the open pit
design (i.e. Trims, Blasts, Ramps, Temporary Ramps). These Solids are now used to Evaluate
against the block model in order to evaluate/calculate the following (as defined under Project
Setup) for each wireframe volume:
Property ZONE
Property NPVSEQ
Property AU (weighted on Density)
Property CU (weighted on Density)
Density (from DENSITY field)
Volume
Tonnes
Demonstration Procedures:
Evaluate Design
The procedure for Evaluating Solids (see summary settings table below) is as follows:
3. Use the settings listed in the summary table below to complete the evaluation process
In the Evaluation dialog (1) | define settings and select OK button
In the Data Reporting dialog | select and drag BENCH field header box into upper
dialog (the action can be undone by dragging the box back to its original position)
Results are now grouped by benches 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200
Select the [+] symbol to expand the results tree; select [-] to close the tree
Expand the results for Bench 80
The majority of mining blocks are Waste (the first 11 entries contain totals under
Volume1 Wst columns, none under Volume2 Or2 or Volume3 Or3 columns)
The minority of mining blocks contain Waste and Ore (the remaining 7 entries also
contain totals under columns Volume2 Or2 or Volume3 Or3 )
Mining blocks containing ore can be seen under the Bench 80 (last 7 entries) and
Bench 100 (last two entries) groups
Table Notes:
Notes:
The Evaluation process automatically uses the Density values (obtained from the field
DENSITY) from the block model when calculating tonnages
The Default Density value is used when evaluating Solids against areas that do not
contain model blocks or against blocks without a DENSITY value
4.5.4 Sequencing
Overview:
The Sequencing process is used to generate a mining/extraction sequence for all the elements
of the open pit design (i.e. Trims, Blasts, Ramps, Temporary Ramps) based on the
Descriptions set up in the Design Definitions dialog. The generation of this sequence is
controlled by the Dependencies defined between the various design elements. These design
elements are represented by the Points (also referred to as Activities) generated by the
processes reviewed in section 4.5.1 Planning Preparation.
These open pit design elements Dependencies are set up using both automatic and manual
options. The automatic options in the Automatic Dependency Definitions menu use a Rule
approach in the setup of their definitions. These Dependency Definitions are then used to
automatically generate as much of the extraction sequence as possible (in this demonstration,
the dependencies controlling the sequencing of the Ramps and Blast1 design elements). The
manual options in the Manual Dependency Editing menu are used to set up the remaining
Dependencies (in this demonstration, the dependencies controlling the within-bench
sequence of the Blast1 and Blast2 design elements; between-bench dependencies). The
methodology for sequencing the Open Pit design elements is discussed in further detail
below. Visualization tools allow for the visual checking of the resultant sequence.
This generated sequence can make use of either a Dummy Evaluation or the Evaluation
Results created in the previous section 4.5.3 Evaluation of Solids. This sequence can then be
exported for scheduling in Earthworks Production Scheduler (other options are available).
It is recommended that you review the following sections in the Help documentation for
an overview of Automatic and Manual Sequencing: Menubar | Help | Contents |
Contents tab | Mine2-4D Processes & Commands | Processes | Planning | Sequencing
Demonstration Procedures:
The sequencing of the Open Pit design elements in this demonstration has used the following
methodology (please see the diagrams at the end of this section for examples of the
graphical dependencies generated for this demonstration):
2. Review the set of Automatic Dependency Definitions (see summary settings table
below), noting the following
Contains six different rules
Rule 1 - dependencies between Ramps (Benches 80, 100, 120)
Rules 2-5 - Blast1 Cone dependencies (Benches 140, 160, 180)
Rule 6 - Blast1 Vertical dependencies (Benches 140, 160, 180)
The linking string direction (sequence) is indicated by the string arrow (located at
string midpoint)
Successor options not used
Linking is spatially controlled by the Search options (Radius, Method, Azi & Dip
constraints, Search Radius Divisors)
Linking (Dependency) strings are placed on separate Dependency Layers for
improved control (see dialog column Layer - Layers are covered in a later section)
These Rules will generate linking (Dependency) strings that link Predecessors to
Search Origins located at a lower elevation (using Azimuths where defined)
3. A list of potential Dependencies for the current design strings can be generated using the
Generate Automatic Dependency Rules dialog
In the Automatic Dependency Generation dialog | select Generate button
The selection of Restrictions options and Descriptions control generation of Rules
DO NOT select OK in the Generate Automatic Dependency Rules dialog
Running this option overwrites the existing set of Automatic Dependency Definitions
This option can be useful when first setting up the Automatic Dependency Definitions
Option Setting
View Link Report
Preserve Manual Dependencies
Preserve Long Term Dependencies
Suppress Duplicate Error Report
2. Create the Automatic Dependencies while Preserving the Manual Dependencies (see
summary settings table below)
Check that the Preserve manual Dependencies box is ticked
Select the Process button
In the Duplicate Automatic Dependencies message (10 duplicates generated )
dialog | select OK button
(Mine2-4D will complete processing the automatic dependencies and then start the
Manual Dependency Editing menu and load all the Automatic (just generated) and
existing Manual dependencies into the Design window)
The definition of Dependency Layers and grouping of similar dependencies allows for the
improved control (management, viewing) of the different categories of Automatic and
Manual dependencies.
1. Start the Manual Dependency Editing menu (If not still open from the last section
Creation of Automatic Dependencies)
Vertical Menu | Planning | Sequencing | Sequencing tab
In the Sequencing tab | Sequencing group | select Manual button
(All design elements and Automatic and Manual dependencies are loaded in the
Design window)
In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog (see diagram below)
o The vertical Options menu (on left) (more details in a later section) provides
various Dependencies tools their dialogs are displayed in the upper half of the
Manual Dependency Editing dialog (the default is the Animation option)
o The lower half of the dialog contains
Dependencies options for Layers control, digitizing and filtering of
dependencies
Commands buttons for editing Dependency points and strings
3. Review the different layers defined in the Dependency Layers dialog (see table below)
Bench_* Layers contain within-bench dependencies for each Bench
Between Benches Layer contains dependencies that link Ramp, TRamp, Trims,
Blast1 and Blast2 Activities on different Benches
Extraction Cone and Extraction Cone Vertical Layers contain dependencies that
link Blast1 Activities on different benches
5. Layers can be selected for Display by ticking the required boxes in the View column
Untick all View boxes
Tick the View box for the Bench_200 Layer
Notes
The use of Layers facilitates the creation of manual dependencies by displaying only
the required Dependencies. The use of Filters in addition can assist with the initial
stages of creating manual Dependencies by allowing the user to display only those
Walls and Points relevant for the set of Dependencies being created at the time.
Walls / Points Filters are accessed as follows:
o In the Manual Dependency Editing menu | Left Vertical Menu | Filters | select
the Current filter from the dropdown | select Apply Current Filter button
o In the Sequencing tab | Sequencing group | select Manual button
Once Dependencies have been created, the Dependencies, Walls and Points
(Activities) for a particular bench can best be displayed only using the Layers
filtering
The procedure for Viewing Dependencies using Layer control in connection with the block
model is as follows:
1. Start the Manual Dependency Editing menu (If not still open from the last section
Definition of Dependency Layers)
Vertical Menu | Planning | Sequencing | Sequencing tab
In the Sequencing tab | Sequencing group | select Manual button
3. Set the View Control settings to use a 20m clipping and 5x vertical exaggeration
In the View Control toolbar
Select Set Clipping button | set Front to 10 and Back to 9 | select OK (when view is
set to mid-bench elevation, these clippings allow viewing of the block model slice
and current Bench strings and dependencies )
Select the Use Clipping toggle button
Select Set Exaggeration button | set Z to Factor 5
4. Select the Bench_200 Layer for Viewing in the Dependency Layers dialog
Set the Design window elevation to mid-bench elevation 190m using the View
Control toolbar | Move Plane Backwards / Forwards buttons
In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Dependencies group | select Layer
button
6. View the other layers as described in the steps below. It is recommended that the
following Dependency Layers are displayed and reviewed:
7. Repeat Steps 3. and 4. for Bench_180 Layer (view at mid-bench 170m elevation)
Note the following (see diagram below block model not displayed):
These Manual Dependencies start at the southwestern corner of the Bench,
connecting Blast1 Activities lying in east-west rows, moving towards the north
and then follows onto the Activities lying in north-south rows in the east
The 22nd last Blast1 is connected to the upper TRamp Activity
8. Repeat Steps 4. and 5. for Bench_160 Layer (view at mid-bench 150m elevation)
Note the following (see diagram below block model not displayed):
9. Repeat Steps 4. and 5. for Bench_140 Layer (view at mid-bench 130m elevation)
Note the following (see diagram below block model not displayed):
10. Repeat Steps 4. and 5. for Bench_120 Layer (view at mid-bench 110m elevation)
Note the following (see diagram below block model not displayed):
The Ramp Activity is connected to the first Blast2 Activity in the northwest
The Blast2 Dependencies are sequenced away from the Ramp in a westerly
direction (NPVSEQ followed for Activities away from the Ramp)
The last Blast2 Activity is connected to the START (Green arrow point) of the
Trim Activities
11. Repeat Steps 4. and 5. for Bench_100 Layer (view at mid-bench 90m elevation)
Note the following (see diagram below block model not displayed):
The Ramp Activity is connected to the first Blast2 Activity in the southwest
The Blast2 Dependencies are sequenced away from the Ramp into the centre of
the bench where they then move both west and east
The last Blast2 Activity is connected to the START (Green arrow point) of the
Trim Activities
12. Repeat Steps 4. and 5. for Bench_80 Layer (view at mid-bench 70m elevation)
Note the following (see diagram below block model not displayed):
The Ramp Activity is connected to the first Blast2 Activity in the southwest
The Blast2 Dependencies are sequenced away from the Ramp into the centre of
the bench where they then move both west and east
The last Blast2 Activity is connected to the START (Green arrow point) of the
Trim Activities
13. Display the Dependencies for the Between Benches Layer without the block model (set
the view at approximately mid-design elevation without clipping)
Close model file using Menubar | File | Close | Block Model | In Output window |
select OK button
Remove the View Clipping using the View Control toolbar | toggle Use Clipping off
Select and Display the Between Benches Layer for Viewing in the Dependency
Layers dialog as outlined in Steps 4. and 5. above
View the results in the Visualizer using Right-click in the Design window | Update
Visualizer Objects
Note the following (see diagram below block model not displayed):
The Dependencies linking Blast1 / Blast2 Activities between different benches
these enhance the within-bench Dependencies
The last Blast1 Activity on Bench 140 is connected to the Bench 120 Ramp
Activity
The END Trim Activity on Bench 120 is connected to the Bench 100 Ramp
Activity
The END Trim Activity on Bench 100 is connected to the Bench 80 Ramp
Activity
A Dependency string connects the END Trim Activity on Bench 80 and all the
lower TRamp Activities in sequence from the lowest to the highest in elevation
14. Display the Dependencies for the Extraction Cone and Extraction Cone Vertical
Layers without the block model (set the view at approximately mid-design elevation
without clipping)
If not already closed from the previous step, close model file using Menubar | File |
Close | Block Model | In Output window | select OK button
Remove the View Clipping using the View Control toolbar | toggle Use Clipping off
Select and Display the Extraction Cone and Extraction Cone Vertical Layers for
Viewing in the Dependency Layers dialog as outlined in Steps 4. and 5. above
View the results in the Visualizer using Right-click in the Design window | Update
Visualizer Objects
Note the following (see diagrams below block model not displayed):
These automatic blue Dependencies link Blast1 Activities between different
benches these ensure that the Activities that are directly above (only within one
benchs distance) the current Activity are extracted before the current Activity
These automatic grey Dependencies link Blast1 Activities between different
benches these ensure that the Activities that are within a 45 degree cone above
(only within one benchs distance) the current Activity are extracted before the
current Activity
The blue and grey Dependencies ensure that all Activities are linked within the
45 degree extraction cone
15. Display the Dependencies for the Ramp-Ramp Layer without the block model (set the
view at approximately mid-design elevation without clipping)
If not already closed from the previous step, close model file using Menubar | File |
Close | Block Model | In Output window | select OK button
Remove the View Clipping using the View Control toolbar | toggle Use Clipping off
Select and Display the Ramp-Ramp Layer for Viewing in the Dependency Layers
dialog as outlined in Steps 4. and 5. above
View the results in the Visualizer using Right-click in the Design window | Update
Visualizer Objects
Note the following (see diagram below block model not displayed):
These automatic Dependencies link Ramp Activities between the different
benches, highest to lowest in elevation (these Dependencies are redundant (but
are included as an example) as some of the manual Between Benches
Dependencies ensure the correct sequence from one bench to the next)
16. Display the Dependencies for All Layers without the block model (set the view at
approximately mid-design elevation without clipping)
If not already closed from the previous step, close model file using Menubar | File |
Close | Block Model | In Output window | select OK button
Remove the View Clipping using the View Control toolbar | toggle Use Clipping off
Select and Display All Layers for Viewing in the Dependency Layers dialog as
outlined in Steps 4. and 5. above
View the results in the Visualizer using Right-click in the Design window | Update
Visualizer Objects
Notes
A sequence of Dependencies can be defined by a multiple-point string and need not
be defined by multiple two-point strings e.g. within-bench Dependencies
All of the Manual Dependencies for this project have already been defined. As an example,
an extra Between-Benches Dependency can be added (and NOT saved) between the upper
portions (represented by the upper of the two square points on each Temporary Ramp set) of
the Temporary Ramps on Bench 200 and Bench 180 (northern side). The Dependency will
connect Bench 200 Temporary Ramp to Bench 180 Temporary Ramp, as shown in the
diagram below. The Dependency will be deleted after creation.
1. Start the Manual Dependency Editing menu (If not still open from the last section
Viewing Manual Dependencies)
Vertical Menu | Planning | Sequencing | Sequencing tab
In the Sequencing tab | Sequencing group | select Manual button
2. Select the Between Benches Layer for Viewing in the Dependency Layers dialog
In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Dependencies group | select Layer
button
In the Dependency Layers dialog
Untick all the View boxes
Tick the View box for the Between Benches Layer
Select the OK button
4. Select the Between Benches Dependency Layer on which the new Dependency is to be
placed
In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | Dependencies group | select the Layer
Name from the dropdown list
5. Select a zoomed-in perspective view on the Bench 200 180 temporary ramps area
Rotate the Design window view using View Control toolbar | View Orientation |
Azi =45, Dip = - 45 | OK button
Zoom in using View Control toolbar | Zoom In button
8. The new Dependency would then normally be saved (NOT in this case)
In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | select Save button
1. Start the Manual Dependency Editing menu (if not still open)
Vertical Menu | Planning | Sequencing | Sequencing tab
In the Sequencing tab | Sequencing group | select Manual button
In the Design window | select the Finish button (floating in top left corner)
Redraw the display using View Control | Redraw Display button
Notes
Checking Dependencies
In addition to the basic visual checks performed in the Design and Visualizer windows, there
are a number of specialist tools available for the checking of both automatic and manual
Dependencies. These tools greatly facilitate the checking process, especially when working
with large data sets. The following checking facilities are available from within the Manual
Dependency Editing dialog:
Dependency Checks
Sequencing Checks
Animation
These features can be demonstrated by performing the following on the Dependency data set:
Running Dependency Checks - unlinked Dependencies
Running Sequencing Checks - Calculate and Filter Dependencies
Running an Animation sequence
Dependency Checks
The Dependency Checking facility allows the user to automatically check for and remove the
following:
Duplicate Dependencies
Single Point Dependencies
Dead End or Closed Loop Dependencies
The procedure for checking for Dead End or Closed Loop Dependencies is as follows:
1. Start the Manual Dependency Editing menu (If not still open from the last section
Creation and Deletion of Manual Dependencies)
Vertical Menu | Planning | Sequencing | Sequencing tab
In the Sequencing tab | Sequencing group | select Manual button
4. (Running the Duplicates and Single Point Dependencies facilities yields the same
result)
Sequencing Checks
The Sequence Checks facility allows the user to perform the following tasks that are
available under the relevant tabs in the Sequencing Checks dialog:
The Sequence Filter tool facilitates the checking of individual sequence steps. The diagram
below shows the layout of the dialog.
2. Set Options
In the SequencingChecks dialog | Options tab | tick all boxes (defaults to all ticked)
A particular sequence point can be viewed by entering the sequence number in the
relevant box (top left in Sequence Filter group) e.g. set sequence number to 100 |
select Apply button displays the sequencing of the Ramp on Bench 120
Note that the Display Depend option allows the user to display Dependency Layers as
selected in the Dependency Layers dialog (Manual Dependency Editing |
Dependencies group | Layer button)
Animation
The Animation facility allows the user to animate the sequenced design string types using
the defined and internal Dependencies that were created and checked in the previous
sections. Animation can be controlled by varying the Start sequence point, Animation
interval and Total Animation time settings. Options are available for recalculating the
sequence and view dependencies during animation.
4. Close the Manual Dependency Editing menu without saving any changes
In the Manual Dependency Editing dialog | select OK button (at bottom)
In the Do you wish to save changes to the links before exiting message dialog |
select NO button
(The Design window is cleared of all data and the Manual Dependency Editing
menu is closed)
Once the Sequence has been created and checked, it can be exported for use in the
Scheduling process, using the scheduling solution Earthworks Production Scheduler (EPS).
The Sequence Export facility is accessed via the Schedule Iteration group on the
Sequencing tab.
This can be demonstrated by exporting the entire Sequence to EPS using the Geological
Evaluation option.
1. Start the Sequencing menu (If not still open from the last section Animation)
Vertical Menu | Planning | Sequencing | Sequencing tab
Option Setting
Evaluation to Export
Dummy
Geological Evaluation
Options
Backup
Use template setup file
Use M24D setup info
Update Naming Convention
Export Inter Derived Activity Links
Export Internal Links
Fixed X Sections
Outlines
Complex Solids
Derived Activities
Notes:
The successful operation of Sequence Export is reliant on the installation of a
compatible version of EPS (Mine2-4D v11.0.1424.0 and EPS v1.0.1417.1 were used
here)
The settings selected (most boxes on left side of dialog are unticked) as shown in the
table above should provide a successful export (an unsuccessful export will result in the
opening of the EPS window and other error message dialogs)
The Reporting, Object Coloring and 3D Animation utilities located in the Preparation |
Reporting tab can be used to enhance and summarize design data for reporting and visual
presentation purposes
4.6.1 Reporting
Overview:
The Reporting utilities within Mine2-4D provide the ability to generate, format and export
reports for the following:
Both the Design Statistics and Project Reports utilities make use of a similar Data Reporting
dialog for generating reports. These reports can be used for the following purposes:
Validating design strings after stages in the Pit Design and Planning Processes
Validating and Analyzing the Dummy and Geological evaluation results
Demonstration Procedures:
A Design Statistics report for the walls_all_0 strings grouped by M4DDESC (Mine2-
4D Description)
Design Statistics
2. Run the Design Statistics utility on the Walls strings (walls_all_0 file) using the settings
as shown in the table below
In the Reporting tab | Evaluation group | select Design Stats button
In the Data Reporting dialog | Design group (bottom left) | select the Browse
button
In the Select String File dialog | select walls_all_0 string file | select Select button
In the Data Reporting dialog | select Apply button
(The Columns listed in the left pane represent all fields present in the file)
(The Columns in the right pane contain individual records for each data field )
4. Complete the Design Statistics reporting process by closing the Data Reporting dialog
In the Data Reporting dialog | select Close button (bottom right)
Table Notes:
Reporting results can be grouped by multiple columns (drag all required grouping
columns to the top dialog) if required
The Data Reporting results can be exported to *.csv format or *.html format files
using the Save to CSV and Save to HTML option buttons (bottom right)
Project Reporting
2. Run the Project Reporting utility with the Geological evaluation using the settings as
shown in the table below
In the Reporting tab | Evaluation group | select Project Reporting button
4. Modify the report to Sum the Waste, Ore 1 and Ore 2 Tonnes and Average the Cu and Au
grades by BENCH
In the Data Reporting dialog | left pane | Action column | set Action to Sum or
Average for the columns (as shown in the table below)
In the Data Reporting dialog | select Apply button
(The Sum results are now displayed adjacent to the BENCH numbers in the right
pane)
In the Data Reporting dialog | right pane | The relevant Sum and Average columns
can be dragged to the left for easier viewing
Select the Apply button to regenerate the Sum and Average results
5. Complete the Design Statistics reporting process by closing the Data Reporting dialog
In the Data Reporting dialog | select Close button (bottom right)
Option Setting
Left Pane
Column Action
Mined Tonnes Sum
Tonnes1 Wst Sum
Tonnes2 Or1 Sum
CU2 Or1 Average
AU2 Or1 Average
Tonnes3 Or2 Sum
CU3 Or2 Average
AU3 Or2 Average
All other columns None
Evaluation
Dummy
Geological
Right Pane
Group By Columns:
BENCH
Table Notes:
The complete Project Reporting processing may take a few seconds (4 - 10 seconds)
depending on the speed of the computer
Data Reporting dialog
o Reporting results can be grouped by multiple columns (drag all required grouping
columns to the top dialog) if required
Both the Interrogation Report and Data Reporting results can be exported to *.csv
format files using the Save to CSV option buttons in the respective dialogs
4. Complete the Design Statistics reporting process by closing the Mining Grade vs.
Tonnage Reporting dialog
In the Mining Grade vsTonnage Reporting dialog | select dialog button
Table Notes:
Notes:
The Evaluation process automatically uses the Density values (obtained from the field
DENSITY) from the block model when calculating tonnages
The Default Density value (set to zero) is used when evaluating Solids against areas
that do not contain model blocks or against blocks without a DENSITY value
The following example reports have already been created and exported to *.csv and
*.html formats and can be found in the folder C:\Database\Integrated Demo\M24D
Projects\VikingBounty_OpenPit\Exports:
Data Reporting.csv
Interrogation Report.csv
Project Report - by BENCH and categories.csv
Overview:
The Object Coloring and the Legends utilities within Mine2-4D provide the ability to color
the following objects:
The Coloring utilities can be used for coloring objects during the Open Pit Design or
Planning Processes or for presentation purposes. Please see 5.2 Definition of Legends for
further details on defining Legends.
Demonstration Procedures:
This can be demonstrated by coloring and loading the Solids for this project. The procedure
for coloring the Solids is as follows:
4.6.3 3D Animation
Overview:
The 3D Animation facility within Mine2-4D provides the ability to animate the Sequenced
Design Solids using a Schedule to control the time sequence. This facility can be used for the
following:
Demonstration Procedures:
The procedure for Reviewing the existing Schedule Colouring Definition setup
OPM1_Weeks is as follows:
6. The Schedule Statistics facility can be used to generate Date and Days statistics to guide
the user in the setup of a new Schedule Colouring Definition
In the Schedule Colouring dialog | Schedule Statistics group | select Get Schedule
Stats button
(The statistics are displayed in the relevant dialog boxes)
7. The Generate Recurrences facility can be used to generate recurring intervals for the
From Date column in the Schedule Colouring Definition
In the Schedule Colouring dialog | definition table | select record No. 1
In the Schedule Colouring dialog | select Generate Recurrences button
In the All records past the current position will be deleted message dialog |
select Yes button
In the Date Recurrence dialog | Recurrence Pattern group | select Weekly option
In the Date Recurrence dialog | Recurrence Pattern group | select Recur every 1
week option
In the Date Recurrence dialog | Recurrence Pattern group | select Tuesday option
In the Date Recurrence dialog | Recurrence Range group | select Start 31.08.2004
In the Date Recurrence dialog | Recurrence Range group | select End 31.08.2004
(Note: The Get Schedule Stats should be run before Generate Recurrences as
those results are used to populate these Start and End date dropdowns)
In the Date Recurrence dialog | select OK button
(for the From Date column in the Schedule Colouring Definition has regenerated
intervals)
8. Complete the reviewing by closing the Schedule Colouring dialog without saving any
changes
In the Schedule Colouring dialog | select Cancel button
In the Exit without saving changes message dialog | select Yes button
The procedure for Creating and Viewing a 3D Animation using the OPM1_Weeks Schedule
Colouring Definition is as follows:
(The animation starts with all Solids and other files (topography and pit strings,
topography and pit wireframes) displayed)
(The animation then proceeds to remove the Solids from the Visualizer as they
would be extracted according to the Schedule the Date is displayed in the
Bottom Left corner)
(The animation ends with only the other Strings files loaded in the Visualizer
window)
Start Animation
Mid Animation
End Animation
Notes:
The files defined in the Object Load Definition are used to enhance the visualization
of the animation by providing background visual data e.g. topography and a mined
out pit wireframe
Animated Visualizer Views can be created and saved to file (*.gvz file format)
Note: *.gvz files saved in the current Mine2-4D project directory are automatically
deleted on exiting the project
5 Additional Topics
This portion of the document contains additional topics that can be used as extra
demonstration items or to provide extra background information on certain topics.
2. Define the project Folder, Project Name and automatic file addition option:
New Project Wizard Page 1 dialog | browse to the folder C:\ Database \
Integrated Demo \ M24D Projects \ VikingBounty_OpenPit | define the Project
Name as Demo | tick box Automatically add files | click Next button
User Lists are set up to manage the Users, their Logins, Passwords and User Privileges
within the Mine2-4D environment.
Password Engineer1
Privileges Power User
Password Saves
Active
Stand Alone
User Type All
The Legends facility within Mine2-4D can be used to generate the following types of Legends:
Coloring and Filtering of design data within the Design window (points, strings
wireframes)during the various Mine2-4D Design and Planning Processes
Definition of Reporting Categories during the Evaluation of the Geological Model
Filtering of data exported to the Schedule
5. The dialogs below contain examples of some of the Legends used within the Viking
Bounty project
Notes:
Overview:
The X-Sectional Tool forms an important part of the Design Definitions for Mine2-4D. It
assists the user in defining custom cross-sections and dimensions of Trims and other design
elements. This tool can be demonstrated by reviewing the procedure used in creating the
custom Trim cross-section Trim_10m that is used in this demonstration.
1. Open the X-Sectional Tool via the button in the Design Definitions dialog (see below)
Vertical Menu | Design | Design Definitions | Design Definitions dialog | Fixed
Cross Sectionals tab | X-Sectional Tool button
2. Define a new User Defined Section Trim_10m with the parameters as shown below